COGPYQLFYNG Flashcards
NEUROTRANSMITTERS
- makes you feel good
- movement, attention and learning
Dopamine
NEUROTRANSMITTERS
- arousal, sleep, dreaming, and happiness
Serotonin
NEUROTRANSMITTERS
- alertness, fight or flight response
Epinephrine and Norepinephrine
MAJOR DIVISIONS OF THE BRAIN
- also known as prosencephalon
- sensory, reasoning and problem solving
- largest part of the brain
Forebrain
MAJOR DIVISIONS OF THE BRAIN
- regulate movement
- process auditory and visual info
Midbrain
MAJOR DIVISIONS OF THE BRAIN
- located at the lower back of the brain
- coordinate functions fundamental to survival
Hindbrain
LOBES OF THE BRAIN
- reasoning, problem solving and judgement
- motor process and higher thought process
Frontal Lobe
LOBES OF THE BRAIN
- Auditory processing
Temporal Lobe-
LOBES OF THE BRAIN
- touching, pain and temperature
Parietal lobe
LOBES OF THE BRAIN
- visual processing
Occipital Lobe
- are specialized neurons that respond to specific types of stimuli (when ___ information is detected by this sensation has occurred)
Sensory receptors
- the interpretation of the collected information through our senses
- ex: smelling something that reminds you of your childhood
Perception
- answers the questions “what am I seeing?”
Bottom-up processing
- answers the questions, “Is that something I’ve seen before?”
Top-down processing
- failure to notice because of lack of attention
Inattentional blindness
- the signal is what you are trying to detect
Signal detection theory
- false perception
Illusions
- researches investigates the psychological process in terms of using language
Psycholinguistics
- scientific study of language
Linguistics
- the techniques in these are used to study disorder problems in language
Neurolinguistics
- smallest unit of speech sound
Phoneme
- How to produce or combine speech sounds
Phonetics
- smallest unit of language within a meaning
Morpheme
- Study of meaning in a language
Semantics
- the sound of the language are heard, interpreted and understood
Speech perception
- The actual meaning
Denotation
- other explicit meanings
Connotation
STAGES OF LANGUAGE ACQUISITION
- “oohh” “ahhh”
Cooing
STAGES OF LANGUAGE ACQUISITION
- “Ma” “Da” “Pa”
Babling
STAGES OF LANGUAGE ACQUISITION
- “Mama” “Papa”
One word utterances
STAGES OF LANGUAGE ACQUISITION
- “Mama hug” “Papa play”
Two word utterances
- children imitate the language pattern of others
Imitation
- they model the speech pattern and vocabulary
Modeling
- produce utterances and rewarded by their parents
Conditioning
- we actively process a limited amount of information from an enormous one
Attention
- trying to detect an appearance of a particular stimulus
Signal detection and vigilance
- finding a signal amidst distractors
Search
- attend to a present stimuli and ignore the others
Selective Attention
- allocating attentional resources to coordinate our performance
Divided attention
- the name of the color does not match the color that is present
Stroop effect
Theory in Stroop effect
- identifying the color of the words takes more attention than simply reading the text
Selective Attention
Theory in Stroop effect
- the brain likely reads the words because reading is an automated process.
Automaticity theory
The Problem Solving Cycle
1) Include Problem Identification
2) Problem Definition
3) Strategy Formulation
4) Organization of Information
5) Allocation of Resources
6) Monitoring
7) Evaluation
The Problem Solving Cycle
1) Include Problem Identification
2) Problem Definition
3) Strategy Formulation
4) Organization of Information
5) Allocation of Resources
6) Monitoring
7) Evaluation
- have clear path to solutions
Well-structured Problems
- Problems with the same solution
Isomorphic Problems
- solving the problem on how the problem is presented
Problems of Problem representation
- the carryover of knowledge and skills
Transfer
- solving an earlier problem makes it hard to solve a new one
Negative Transfer
- An earlier problem makes it easier to solve a new one
Positive Transfer
- People make decision based on pleasure
Subjective Expected Utility Theory
- More on the value
Subjective Utility
- More or less, estimate of likelihood
Subjective Probability
- We select options one by one, and then we select what is satisfactory for us
Satisficing
- selects an attribute that seems to be important and eliminates alternatives lack that attribute
Elimination by aspects
- “kaya ako natalo kasi ganto”
Gambler’s fallacy
- The tendency to occur again
Hot Hand/Streak Shooter
- There is already a decision made, but we are trying to justify it
Reasoning
- From general statements, assumed to be true
Deductive Reasoning
- Based on our past observations and experiences
Inductive Reasoning
- How you transform a physical, sensory input into a kind of representation that can be placed into memory
Encoding
- How you retain encoded information in memory
Storage
- How you gain access to information stored in memory
Retrieval
FORMS OF ENCODING
- retention of information after a short period of time
Short-term storage
- the information is maintained for a long time
Long-term storage
- conscious retrieval
Declarative memory
- store and process information of an immediate sense
Working Memory
- specific events or episodes relating to one’s life
Episodic memory
- Stores general knowledge
Semantic Memory
- Unconscious and automatic
Non-declarative memory
- The first or most recent
Primacy effect
- the last item on the list
Recency effect
