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ACDS > CGSC2 > Flashcards

CGSC2 Flashcards

1
Q

refers to the specific areas of the brain that control specific skills or behavior

A

Localization of function

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2
Q

is the basis for our ability to perceive, adapt to, and interact with the world around us

A

nervous system

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3
Q

is the region of the brain located toward the top and front of the brain. (gross anatomy of the brain)

It comprises the cerebral cortex. the basal ganglia, the limbic system, the thalamus, and the hypothalamus

A

The forebrain

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4
Q

is important to emotion, motivation, memory, and learning. Animals such as fish and reptiles, which have relatively undeveloped ____ respond to the environment almost exclusively by instinct.

A

limbic system

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5
Q

is involved in anger and fear. (part of the forebrain)

A

septum

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6
Q

plays an important role in emotion as well, especially in anger and aggression (part of the forebrain)

A

amydala

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7
Q

plays an essential role in memory formation (part of the forebrain)

A

hippocampus

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8
Q

relays incoming sensory information through groups of neurons that project to the appropriate region in the cortex (part of the forebrain)

A

thalamus

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9
Q

regulates behavior related to species survival; fighting, feeding, fleeing, and mating.

is also active in regulating emotions and reactions to stress.

A

hypothalamus

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10
Q

helps to control eye movement and coordination. (gross anatomy of the brain)
is more important in nonmammals where it is the main source of control for visual and auditory information.

A

The midbrain

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11
Q

connects the forebrain to the spinal cord

A

brainstem

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12
Q

comprises the medulla oblongata, the pons and the cerebellum. (gross anatomy of the brain)

A

The Hindbrain

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13
Q

control heart activity and largely controls breathing, swallowing, and digestion (part of the the hindbrain)

A

medulla oblongata

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14
Q

serves as a kind of relay station because it contains neural fibers that pass signals from one part of the brain to another (part of the hindbrain)

serves as a bridging function

A

pons

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15
Q

from Latin meaning little brain

controls bodily coordination, balance, and muslce tone, as well as some aspects of memory involving procedure related movements (part of the hindbrain)

A

cerebellum

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16
Q

plays an extremely imporatnt role in human cognition.
it forms a 1 to 3 milimeter layer that wraps the surface of the brain somewhat like the bark of a tree wraps around the trunk

A

cerebral cortex

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17
Q

is a dense aggregate of neural fibers connecting the two cerebral hemispheres.

A

corpus callosum

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18
Q

a part of the left hemisphere of the brain that is responsible for speech

A

Broca’s area

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19
Q

patients who could speak but whose speech made no sense they have damage in ____
which contributes to language comprehension

A

Wernicke’s area

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20
Q

argued that each hemisphere behaves in many respects like a separate brain

A

Roger Sperry

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21
Q

are people who have undergone operations severing the corpus callosum

A

split-brain patients

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22
Q

LEFT/RIGHT HEMISPHERE
1) is important not only in languge but also in movement
2) is largely mute; it has little grammatical or phonetic understanding. But it does have very good sematnic knowledge. It is also involved in practice language use.

A

1)Left
2)Right

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23
Q

What lobe of the brain?
toward the front of the brain, is associated with motor processing and higher thought processes such as abstract reasoning, problem solving, planning, and judgement.

A

frontal lobe

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24
Q

What lobe of the brain?
at the upper back portion of the brain, is associated with somatosensory processing.
It receives inputs from the neurons regarding touch, pain, temperature sense, limb position, and spatial awareness

A

pariental lobe

25
Q

What lobe of the brain?
is directly under your temples.
associated with autditory processing and comprehending languagee.
Involved in retention of visual memories

A

temporal lobe

26
Q

What lobe of the brain?
is associated with bisual processing.
contains numerous visual areas, each specialized to anlayze specific aspects of a scene

A

occipital lobe

27
Q

known as little person in Latin because they depict the body parts of a person mapped on the brain.

A

homunculi

28
Q

receives information from the sense about pressure, texture, temperature and pain.

A

primary somatosensory cortex

29
Q

are the areas in the lobes in whic sensroy processing occurs

A

Projection areas

30
Q

specializes in the planning, control and execution of movement particularly of movmennt involving any kind of delayed response.

A

primary motor cortex

30
Q

Latin words indicate the parts of the brain
1) refers to the front part of the brain (nasal region)
2) refers to the bottom surface of the body/brain (the side of the stomach)
3) literally means “tail” and refers to the back part of the body/brain
4) refers to the upside down of the brain

A

1) Rostal
2) Ventral
3) Caudal
4) Dorsal

31
Q

these transmit electral signals from one location to another in the nervous system

A

neurons

32
Q

Neurons basic parts

contains the nucleus of the cell
the center portion that performs metabolic and reproductive functions

A

soma

33
Q

Neurons basic parts
are branch like structure that receive information from other neurons

A

dendrites

34
Q

Neurons basic parts
is a long, thin, tube that extends and sometimes splits from the soma and responds to the information when appropriate, by transmitting an electrochemical signal

A

axon

35
Q

Neurons basic parts
Is a white, fatty substance that surrounds some of the axon of the nervous system, which accounds for some of the whiteness of the white matter of the brain

A

myelin

36
Q

are small gaps in the myelin coating along the axon

A

Nodes of Ranvier

37
Q

are small knobs found at the ends of the branches of an axon

A

terminal buttons

38
Q

serves as a juncture between the terminal buttons of one or more neurons.

A

synapse

39
Q

are chemical messengers for transmission of information across the synaptic gap to the receiving dendrites of the next neuron

A

neurotranmitters

40
Q

Neurotransmitters

is associated with memory functions and the loss of ____through alzeimher’s disease

leads to impaired memory functioning of alzeimher’s patients

A

acetylcholine

41
Q

Neurotransmitters
is associated with attention, learning, and movment coordination

involved in motivational processes such as reward or reinforce

very high in this results to schizoprenia

very low in this results to parkinson’s disease

A

dopamine

42
Q

Neurotransmitters
plays an important role in eating behavior and body-weight regulation

A

serotonin

43
Q

methods the scientists use for studying the human brain
1)Latin means after the death
2)Latin means living

A

1) Postmorterm
2) vIvo

44
Q

Three types of chemical substances are involved in
neurotransmission:

The ____, each of which is synthesized by
the nervous system through enzymatic actions on one of the amino
acids (constituents of proteins, such as choline, tyrosine, and
tryptophan) in our diet (e.g., acetylcholine, dopamine, and
serotonin);

A

monoamine neurotransmitters

45
Q

Three types of chemical substances are involved in
neurotransmission:

which are obtained directly from the

amino acids in our diet without further synthesis (e.g., gamma-
aminobutyric acid, or GABA); and

A

Amino-acid neurotransmitters,

46
Q

Three types of chemical substances are involved in
neurotransmission:

which are peptide chains (molecules made from the
parts of two or more amino acids).

A

Neuropeptides,

47
Q

(the damage done from a
particular overdose)

A

acute toxicity

48
Q

(the damage done by long-term drug
addiction)

A

chronic toxicity

49
Q

occupies opiate receptors in
the brain better than the opiates
themselves occupy those sites; thus, it
blocks all effects of narcotics.

A

Naloxone

50
Q

In _____, ____
often is substituted for the narcotic
(typically, heroin). _____binds to
endorphin receptor sites in a similar
way to naloxone and reduces the
heroin cravings and withdrawal
symptoms of addicted persons

A

narcotic detoxification

methadone

51
Q

Electrical Recordings

are recordings of the
electrical frequencies and intensities of the living brain,
typically recorded over relatively long periods

A

Electroencephalograms (EEGs)

52
Q

is the record of a small
change in the brain’s electrical activity in response to a
stimulating event.
ectrical Recordings

A

event-related potential (ERP)

53
Q

Static Imaging Techniques

, a
technique for revealing high resolution images of the structure of the living brain by computing and analyzing magnetic changes in the energy of the orbits of nuclear particles in the molecules of the body.

A

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan

54
Q

rely on changes that
take place within the brain as a result of increased
consumption of glucose and oxygen in active areas of
the brain. The basic idea is that active areas in the
brain consume more glucose and oxygen than do
inactive areas during some tasks.

A

Metabolic imaging techniques

55
Q

___ is a brain disorder caused by a
____. ____ occur when the flow of blood to
the brain undergoes a sudden disruption. People
who experience ____typically show marked loss
of cognitive functioning.

A

Vascular disorder

stroke

56
Q

, also called neoplasms ,
can affect cognitive functioning in very
serious ways. ____can occur in
either the gray or white matter of the
brain. ____ of the white matter are
more common

A

Brain tumors

57
Q

, the skull remains intact
but there is damage to the brain, typically from
the mechanical force of a blow to the head.
Slamming one’s head against a windshieldin a car
accident might result in such an injury.

A

closed-head injuries

58
Q

, the skull does not remain
intact but rather is penetrated, for example, by a
bullet.

A

open-head injuries

ACDS (97 decks)

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