CGSC2

Question 1

refers to the specific areas of the brain that control specific skills or behavior

Answer 1

Localization of function

Question 2

is the basis for our ability to perceive, adapt to, and interact with the world around us

Answer 2

nervous system

Question 3

is the region of the brain located toward the top and front of the brain. (gross anatomy of the brain)

It comprises the cerebral cortex. the basal ganglia, the limbic system, the thalamus, and the hypothalamus

Answer 3

The forebrain

Question 4

is important to emotion, motivation, memory, and learning. Animals such as fish and reptiles, which have relatively undeveloped ____ respond to the environment almost exclusively by instinct.

Answer 4

limbic system

Question 5

is involved in anger and fear. (part of the forebrain)

Answer 5

septum

Question 6

plays an important role in emotion as well, especially in anger and aggression (part of the forebrain)

Answer 6

amydala

Question 7

plays an essential role in memory formation (part of the forebrain)

Answer 7

hippocampus

Question 8

relays incoming sensory information through groups of neurons that project to the appropriate region in the cortex (part of the forebrain)

Answer 8

thalamus

Question 9

regulates behavior related to species survival; fighting, feeding, fleeing, and mating.

is also active in regulating emotions and reactions to stress.

Answer 9

hypothalamus

Question 10

helps to control eye movement and coordination. (gross anatomy of the brain)
is more important in nonmammals where it is the main source of control for visual and auditory information.

Answer 10

The midbrain

Question 11

connects the forebrain to the spinal cord

Answer 11

brainstem

Question 12

comprises the medulla oblongata, the pons and the cerebellum. (gross anatomy of the brain)

Answer 12

The Hindbrain

Question 13

control heart activity and largely controls breathing, swallowing, and digestion (part of the the hindbrain)

Answer 13

medulla oblongata

Question 14

serves as a kind of relay station because it contains neural fibers that pass signals from one part of the brain to another (part of the hindbrain)

serves as a bridging function

Answer 14

pons

Question 15

from Latin meaning little brain

controls bodily coordination, balance, and muslce tone, as well as some aspects of memory involving procedure related movements (part of the hindbrain)

Answer 15

cerebellum

Question 16

plays an extremely imporatnt role in human cognition.
it forms a 1 to 3 milimeter layer that wraps the surface of the brain somewhat like the bark of a tree wraps around the trunk

Answer 16

cerebral cortex

Question 17

is a dense aggregate of neural fibers connecting the two cerebral hemispheres.

Answer 17

corpus callosum

Question 18

a part of the left hemisphere of the brain that is responsible for speech

Answer 18

Broca’s area

Question 19

patients who could speak but whose speech made no sense they have damage in ____
which contributes to language comprehension

Answer 19

Wernicke’s area

Question 20

argued that each hemisphere behaves in many respects like a separate brain

Answer 20

Roger Sperry

Question 21

are people who have undergone operations severing the corpus callosum

Answer 21

split-brain patients

Question 22

LEFT/RIGHT HEMISPHERE
1) is important not only in languge but also in movement
2) is largely mute; it has little grammatical or phonetic understanding. But it does have very good sematnic knowledge. It is also involved in practice language use.

Answer 22

1)Left
2)Right

Question 23

What lobe of the brain?
toward the front of the brain, is associated with motor processing and higher thought processes such as abstract reasoning, problem solving, planning, and judgement.

Answer 23

frontal lobe

Question 24

What lobe of the brain?
at the upper back portion of the brain, is associated with somatosensory processing.
It receives inputs from the neurons regarding touch, pain, temperature sense, limb position, and spatial awareness

Answer 24

pariental lobe

Question 25

What lobe of the brain? is directly under your temples. associated with autditory processing and comprehending languagee. Involved in retention of visual memories

Answer 25

temporal lobe

Question 26

What lobe of the brain? is associated with bisual processing. contains numerous visual areas, each specialized to anlayze specific aspects of a scene

Answer 26

occipital lobe

Question 27

known as little person in Latin because they depict the body parts of a person mapped on the brain.

Answer 27

homunculi

Question 28

receives information from the sense about pressure, texture, temperature and pain.

Answer 28

primary somatosensory cortex

Question 29

are the areas in the lobes in whic sensroy processing occurs

Answer 29

Projection areas

Question 30

specializes in the planning, control and execution of movement particularly of movmennt involving any kind of delayed response.

Answer 30

primary motor cortex

Question 30

Latin words indicate the parts of the brain 1) refers to the front part of the brain (nasal region) 2) refers to the bottom surface of the body/brain (the side of the stomach) 3) literally means "tail" and refers to the back part of the body/brain 4) refers to the upside down of the brain

Answer 30

1) Rostal 2) Ventral 3) Caudal 4) Dorsal

Question 31

these transmit electral signals from one location to another in the nervous system

Answer 31

neurons

Question 32

Neurons basic parts contains the nucleus of the cell the center portion that performs metabolic and reproductive functions

Answer 32

soma

Question 33

Neurons basic parts are branch like structure that receive information from other neurons

Answer 33

dendrites

Question 34

Neurons basic parts is a long, thin, tube that extends and sometimes splits from the soma and responds to the information when appropriate, by transmitting an electrochemical signal

Answer 34

axon

Question 35

Neurons basic parts Is a white, fatty substance that surrounds some of the axon of the nervous system, which accounds for some of the whiteness of the white matter of the brain

Answer 35

myelin

Question 36

are small gaps in the myelin coating along the axon

Answer 36

Nodes of Ranvier

Question 37

are small knobs found at the ends of the branches of an axon

Answer 37

terminal buttons

Question 38

serves as a juncture between the terminal buttons of one or more neurons.

Answer 38

synapse

Question 39

are chemical messengers for transmission of information across the synaptic gap to the receiving dendrites of the next neuron

Answer 39

neurotranmitters

Question 40

Neurotransmitters is associated with memory functions and the loss of ____through alzeimher's disease leads to impaired memory functioning of alzeimher's patients

Answer 40

acetylcholine

Question 41

Neurotransmitters is associated with attention, learning, and movment coordination involved in motivational processes such as reward or reinforce very high in this results to schizoprenia very low in this results to parkinson's disease

Answer 41

dopamine

Question 42

Neurotransmitters plays an important role in eating behavior and body-weight regulation

Answer 42

serotonin

Question 43

methods the scientists use for studying the human brain 1)Latin means after the death 2)Latin means living

Answer 43

1) Postmorterm 2) vIvo

Question 44

Three types of chemical substances are involved in neurotransmission: The ____, each of which is synthesized by the nervous system through enzymatic actions on one of the amino acids (constituents of proteins, such as choline, tyrosine, and tryptophan) in our diet (e.g., acetylcholine, dopamine, and serotonin);

Answer 44

monoamine neurotransmitters

Question 45

Three types of chemical substances are involved in neurotransmission: which are obtained directly from the amino acids in our diet without further synthesis (e.g., gamma- aminobutyric acid, or GABA); and

Answer 45

Amino-acid neurotransmitters,

Question 46

Three types of chemical substances are involved in neurotransmission: which are peptide chains (molecules made from the parts of two or more amino acids).

Answer 46

Neuropeptides,

Question 47

(the damage done from a particular overdose)

Answer 47

acute toxicity

Question 48

(the damage done by long-term drug addiction)

Answer 48

chronic toxicity

Question 49

occupies opiate receptors in the brain better than the opiates themselves occupy those sites; thus, it blocks all effects of narcotics.

Answer 49

Naloxone

Question 50

In _____, ____ often is substituted for the narcotic (typically, heroin). _____binds to endorphin receptor sites in a similar way to naloxone and reduces the heroin cravings and withdrawal symptoms of addicted persons

Answer 50

narcotic detoxification methadone

Question 51

Electrical Recordings are recordings of the electrical frequencies and intensities of the living brain, typically recorded over relatively long periods

Answer 51

Electroencephalograms (EEGs)

Question 52

is the record of a small change in the brain's electrical activity in response to a stimulating event. ectrical Recordings

Answer 52

event-related potential (ERP)

Question 53

Static Imaging Techniques , a technique for revealing high resolution images of the structure of the living brain by computing and analyzing magnetic changes in the energy of the orbits of nuclear particles in the molecules of the body.

Answer 53

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan

Question 54

rely on changes that take place within the brain as a result of increased consumption of glucose and oxygen in active areas of the brain. The basic idea is that active areas in the brain consume more glucose and oxygen than do inactive areas during some tasks.

Answer 54

Metabolic imaging techniques

Question 55

___ is a brain disorder caused by a ____. ____ occur when the flow of blood to the brain undergoes a sudden disruption. People who experience ____typically show marked loss of cognitive functioning.

Answer 55

Vascular disorder stroke

Question 56

, also called neoplasms , can affect cognitive functioning in very serious ways. ____can occur in either the gray or white matter of the brain. ____ of the white matter are more common

Answer 56

Brain tumors

Question 57

, the skull remains intact but there is damage to the brain, typically from the mechanical force of a blow to the head. Slamming one's head against a windshieldin a car accident might result in such an injury.

Answer 57

closed-head injuries

Question 58

, the skull does not remain intact but rather is penetrated, for example, by a bullet.

Answer 58

open-head injuries