BTNYLONGQUIZ Flashcards
-created the microscope
-first to discover microorganisms (cells)
Robert Hooke
- father of microbiology
- dicovered protozoa and bacteria
Anton Van Leuwenhoek
-German botanist
-co founder of the cell theory
- all plant tissues are composed of cells.
Matthias Jakob Schleiden
- specialized structures in cells that
perform specific functions
Organelles:
jelly-like substance that holds
organelles
Cytoplasm:
- They are surrounded by a unit membrane
e.g. mitochondria, Golgi apparatus,
lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum,
peroxisomes and coated vesicles. - They are important for the metabolic
activity in the cell.
Membranous cell organelles:
- They are not surrounded by unit membrane
e.g. microfilament microtubules, centriole,
cilia and flagella.
Non-membranous cell organelles:
Called Fluid Mosaic Model
Made of phospholipids & proteins
Phospholipids form a double layer or
bilayer
Cell Membrane- Semi permeable
protects the cell by only allowing certain things in and out, called selective permeability.
The head part is hydrophilic (will dissolve in water)
The Tail part is hydrophobic (will repel water)
Phospholiphids bilayer -
- Protection
- Semi-permeable outer layer
- To give the cell strength and structure, and to filter molecules that pass in and out of the cell
Components: cellulose, pectin, suberin
Cell wall
Responsible for giving a cell its shape.
It helps to fill out the cell and keeps organelles in their place.
Cytoplasm
- power house of the cell
- contains ATP Adenosine Triphosphate (stores energy)
cristae (the folds within it)
Mitochondria
- Modifying, sorting and
packaging of proteins for
secretion. - It is also involved in the
transport of lipids around
the cell - has a concave and convex shape.
Golgi Apparatus
It is an interconnected network of flattened sacs or tubes encased in membranes
no ribosomes are attached on its membrane
there are plenty of ribosomes attached on its membrane
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth ER -
Rough ER -
are the cell’s protein factories
Two kinds of ____
1) - produce
proteins that are exported
from the cell to be used
elsewhere
1) - produce
proteins used inside the
cell itself.
Ribosomes
Membranebound
ribosomes
Free ribosomes
are round, oval, or disk-shaped
bodies found in the cells of green plants
– flowers, fruits
- leaves
– colorless, storage of starch
- storing starch
– fats and oils
- proteins
Plastids –
Chromoplast – flowers, fruits
Chloroplast - leaves
Leucoplasts – colorless, storage of starch
Amyloplasts – storing starch
Elaioplasts – fats and oils
Aleuroneplasts - proteins
- carry out
photosynthesis - densely
layered stacks of
thylakoid sacs (10 to
20) that serve as the
sites of conversion of
light energy to
chemical energy.
Chloroplast
Grana (singular
granum)
- Long , thin
membranous
cylinders - Cilia and flagella
- Locomotion
- Structural support
Microtubules
- Minute membrane
bound droplets
which contain
concentrations of
various enzymes - Suicidal bags
- function as the digestive system of the cell, serving both to degrade material taken up from outside the cell and to digest obsolete components of the cell itself.
lysosomes
- center of the cell
- all cells contains_____at some point
- houses of DNA
Nucleus
-located in the edge of nucleus
Nuclear envelope/membrane:
- located on the surface of the nucleus
- where materials pass in and out of nucleus
Nuclear pores:
-located inside the nucleus
Function: produce ribosomes
Nucleolus
Location: inside nucleus
- made of DNA and proteins
Function: part of genetic makeup
Chromosome:
Location: inside nucleus
Characteristic: loosely coiled
chromosomes
Chromatin:
Nonliving structures present within the living cell.
A. Vacuole
B. Ergastic Materials
(Food particles)
C. Crystals
D. Inorganic substances
Nonliving structures present within the living cell.
- Storage, waste disposal, protection, and
growth. - Watery compartment surrounded by
membrane-tonoplast
1. – liquid, water, salts, alkaloids
2. – substances that give color
– water soluble that
give yellow color - – red color
3. – K, Mg. Na, Ca
Vacuole
- Cell sap – liquid, water, salts, alkaloids
- Pigments – substances that give color
-Flavones – water soluble that
give yellow color
- Anthocyanin – red color - Mineral Salts – K, Mg. Na, Ca
Nonliving structures that present within the living cell.
- –
carbohydrates (CHO) - –
endosperm and embryos
of seeds - reserve
materials
- reserve
Ergastic Materials (Food particles)
- Starch grains –
carbohydrates (CHO) - Protein granules –
endosperm and embryos
of seeds - Oils and fats - reserve
materials
Nonliving structures present within the living cell.
product resulting from the
metabolic activities of the protoplasm
A. excretory
product
- thin and elongate, aggregate bundles
- – long and
prismatic, small number - – rectangle and
pyramidal - – aggregate of prismatic crystals
- – flower like
Plant Crystals-
Calcium oxalate –
1. Raphide crystals - thin and elongate, aggregate bundles
- Pseudoraphides/styloids – long and
prismatic, small number - Prismatic crystals – rectangle and
pyramidal - Druses – aggregate of prismatic crystals
- Rosette – flower like
Nonliving structures present within the living cell.
B. excretory
product
– silica, very small
(prismatic)
– irregular in shape,
appear in parenchymatous cells
Calcium Carbonate-
Sileous crystals – silica, very small
(prismatic)
Cystolith – irregular in shape,
appear in parenchymatous cells
