EXPPSYCHAPTER6 Flashcards
A _____is an explanation of a relationship between two or more
variables.
An educated guess.
hypothesis
A _____ predicts how variables (events,
traits, or behaviors) might be correlated, not a statement about
cause and effect.
In true experiment, the hypothesis predicts the effects of specific
antecedent conditions on some behavior that is to be measured.
nonexperimental hypothesis
An ______ is a tentative explanation of an event
or a behavior. It is a statement that predicts the effect of an
independent variable on a dependent variable.
It is a statement that explain the effects of specified antecedent
conditions on a measured behavior.
For example, cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) produces less
relapse than antidepressants.
experimental hypothesis
a hypothesis must be capable of being true or false,
which is a property of _____
E.g. Hungry students read slowly – is a _____ that can
be supported or contradicted.
synthetic statements.
A kind of Non synthetic statement
is one that is always true; for example “I am
pregnant, or I am not pregnant.” or “The weight of dieters will fluctuate”.
Analytic statement,
A kind of Non synthetic statement
statements with elements that oppose each
other- because _____ are always false. “I have a
brother and I do not have a brother.”
Contradictory statement,
An experimental hypothesis is____when it can be assessed by
manipulating an IV and measuring the results on the DV.
Without ____, we cannot evaluate the validity of a hypothesis.
E.g. Some people hypothesize that dogs dream because they exhibit
behaviors that correspond to behaviors associated with dream reports
in humans – REM.
If dogs display muscle twitches during sleep, then they must be
dreaming.
testable
Statement of research hypotheses must be ______(disprovable)
by the research findings.
Hypotheses need to be worded so that failures to find the predicted
effect must be considered evidence that the hypothesis is indeed
false.
Falsifiable (disprovable)
means that we prefer a simple hypothesis over one
requiring many supporting assumptions.
A simple hypothesis allows us to focus our attention on the main
factors that influence our dependent variable.
____is also needed because it leads to new studies.
Parsimony
Fruitful statements
____ is reasoning from specific cases to general principles to
form a hypothesis.
Researchers use ____ reasoning to construct theories by
creating explanations that account for empirical data (observations).
Induction
____ is reasoning from general principles to specific
predictions. This approach is used to test the assumptions of a
theory.
The ____ model is most useful when we have a well-developed
theory with clearly stated basic premises.
Deduction
__is knowing without reasoning, or unconscious problem-
solving. It guides what we choose to study in an experiment.
must be directed by our literature review.
Intuition
The ____provides a selective review of research
findings related to the research hypothesis.
The review is selective because the researcher selects only articles
that are directly related to the research hypothesis – not everything that
has even been done on the topic.
This section identifies which questions have not been definitively
answered by previous studies and helps show how your experiment
advances knowledge in this area
Introduction section
Another goal of a research paper is to integrate your experiment into
the existing body of knowledge; to show how the results of your
research advance knowledge, increase generalizability of known
effects, or contradict past findings.
To do this, you may need to refer to specific past work in the
_____ of your research report as well.
If your finding is inconsistent with past results, you will need to explain
that here as well by contrasting your study with theirs
Discussion section
_____ of published research are the primary source
for locating the articles you need from psychological journals.
Abstracts (summaries)
