BTNYFNLM52

Question 1

The part of the axis of a plant that
bears the leaves and reproductive
structures.

___ and roots are alike in general
structures: xylem and phloem, pericycle,
endodermis, cortex and epidermis.

____ differ from roots in fundamental
structures known as the nodes and
internodes.

Answer 1

STEM

Question 2

the first stem
of a seed plant. It is
short, cylindrical
structure bearing a
small mass of
meristematic tissue and
with tiny leaves at its
tip.

Answer 2

Epicotyl –

Question 3

External Structure of the Stem

is the slightly enlarge portion of the stem where leaves and buds arise

Answer 3

Node –

Question 4

External Structure of the Stem
is the region of a stem between two sucessive nodes

Answer 4

Internode –

Question 5

External Structure of the Stem
tiny raised pores on the surface of matured dicot stem. They replaced the stomata for gaseous exchange.

Answer 5

Lenticels –

Question 6

External Structure of the Stem
are marks left
on the stem such as:

Bundle scar
Bud scar
Fruit scar
Flower scar
Twig scar
Leaf scar

Answer 6

Scars –

Question 7

External Structure of the Stem
are undeveloped shoot, largely meristematic tissue, generally protected by modified scale leaves

Answer 7

Buds –

Question 8

Kinds of buds (as to location)
buds that are located at the tip of a stem or twig

Answer 8

terminal or apical buds –

Question 9

Kinds of buds (as to location)
– buds that are located along the side of a stem

Answer 9

axillary or lateral buds

Question 10

Kinds of buds (as to location)
– buds that are located beside or above the axillary or lateral buds

Answer 10

Accessory or supernumerary buds

Question 11

Kinds of buds (as to location)
– buds that develop in places other than in the axils of leaves

Answer 11

adventituous buds

Question 12

Kinds of buds (as to the presence or absence of protective covering)
– buds without scales

Answer 12

naked buds

Question 13

Kinds of buds (as to the presence or absence of protective covering)
– buds with protective covering

Answer 13

protected or scaly buds

Question 14

Kinds of buds (As to phyllotaxy [leaf arrangement])
– one bud at each node

Answer 14

Alternate

Question 15

Kinds of buds (As to phyllotaxy [leaf arrangement])
– two buds at each node opposite each other

Answer 15

Opposite

Question 16

Kinds of buds (As to phyllotaxy [leaf arrangement])
– three or more buds at each node

Answer 16

Whorled or verticillate

Question 17

Kinds of buds (As to phyllotaxy [leaf arrangement])
– buds are in cluster around the node

Answer 17

Fascicled

Question 18

Kinds of buds (as to content or structure)
– bud that produce leaves and stems

Answer 18

leaf bud or branch bud

Question 19

Kinds of buds (as to content or structure)
– buds that develop into individual flowers

Answer 19

flower buds

Question 20

Kinds of buds (as to content or structure)
– buds that produce both flowers and leaves

Answer 20

mixed buds

Question 21

Kinds of stem ( as to location)
– stem
which grow above the soil surface

Answer 21

Aerial or epiterranean stem

Question 22

Kinds of stem ( as to location)
stem which grow beneath the soil

Answer 22

Underground or subterranean
stem

Question 23

Types of Aerial Stem
are woody, sharply pointed
branch stems to reduce the heating effect of the sun.

Answer 23

Thorns

Question 24

Types of Aerial Stem
are small, unbranched, sharp outgrowths of leaf tissue in which the
parenchyma is replaced by sclerenchyma (e.g. cactus) for protection, to reduce the heating effect of the sun

Answer 24

Spines

Question 25

Types of Aerial Stem
are small pointed outgrowths
from the epidermis or cortex of the
stem (e.g. Euphorbia, rose and
raspberry)

Answer 25

Prickles

Question 26

Types of Aerial Stem
are flattened main stems that resemble leaves (e.g. butcher’s-broom,
greenbrier, and some orchids). Edible asparagus shoots left to grow produce many small fern-like ___

Answer 26

Cladophylls

Question 27

Types of Aerial Stem
are paired scales, glands, or leaf-like structures at the base of the petiole formed from leaf or stem tissue.

Answer 27

Stipules

Question 28

Types of Aerial Stem
are modified leaves at the base of flowers or flower stalks. Some are highlycolored and resemble petals (e.g. the red “petals” of poinsettia are bracts surrounding the small, yellow flowers).

Answer 28

Bracts

Question 29

Types of Aerial Stem
can be exclusively leaf tissue (e.g. pea leaflets, nasturtium petioles, or cucumber leaves that twine and aid in supporting the shoots) or they can be
modified special shoots with thin, modified stems (e.g. morning glories, grapes, ampalaya)

are leaf tissue for support and climbing of the plants (E.g. bitter gourd, squash, cucumber).

Answer 29

Tendrils

Question 30

Types of Aerial Stem
sometimes called runners, are thin, aboveground, horizontal stems of indeterminate growth and long internodes that grow out from a parent plant and produce young plants at their tips (e.g.
strawberry plant)

Answer 30

Stolons,

Question 31

Types of Subterranean Stem
– is a swollen food
storing stem which grows in a characteristic horizontal direction bearing most of the features of a typical stem. E.g. Ginger, talahib, camia

are root-like stem that bears adventitious roots. It grows horizontally under the round and the lateral buds grow out to develop new ____

Answer 31

Rhizome (rootstock)

Question 32

Types of Subterranean Stem
is a swollen, food storage organ which arises from the end of each branch of the underground stem. E.g. Potato

stored nutrients which become swollen and bulky portion of an underground stem. It consists of very short stems with a swollen apical structure, and it bears a number of nodes or eyes of an underground stem.

Answer 32

Tuber –

Question 33

Types of Subterranean Stem
is the swollen base of an aerial shoot. It is a short, swollen structure covered
with dry leaves and having most of the
features of a typical stem. E.g. Gabi and gladiola

is a fleshy underground swollen stem that is similar to a bulb in terms of its shape and can stores its foods. They usually have a papery outer skin

Answer 33

Corm –

Question 34

Types of Subterranean Stem
the stem of a bulb is in the
form of reduced, flattened disc. Food is stored in large, fleshy scale leaves arising
from the stem. E.g. Onion bulb,
lilies

consist of many thin layers of modified leaves having a miniature sprout in the center

Answer 34

Bulb –

Question 35

Types of stems (as to direction of growth)
when they grow perpendicularly
from the ground

Answer 35

Erect,

Question 36

Types of stems (as to direction of growth)
when they arise from the
ground obliquely

Answer 36

Ascending,

Question 37

Types of stems (as to direction of growth)
when they are more or
less recline on the ground or near the
base

Answer 37

Decumbent,

Question 38

Types of stems (as to direction of growth)
– when they lie flat on the ground

Answer 38

Prostrate

Question 39

Types of stems (as to direction of growth)
– when they are very close to the ground and develop roots at its base

Answer 39

Creeping

Question 40

Types of stems (as to direction of growth)
–
when growing over other
plants or objects as support
a. tendril climber
b. twinner
c. root climber
d. hooks
e. scramblers

Answer 40

Climbing or scandent stems

Question 41

is a common method of reproduction in which a small piece of a woody stem has been cut off from a mother plant.

Answer 41

Stem cutting

Question 42

is a method of combining the scion and the rootstock.

Answer 42

Grafting and budding

Question 43

Kinds of stems (as to texture)

— When they contain very little
woody tissue, live for only a
year or less, and die after
flowering and producing
seeds

— Soft and green
— Little growth in diameter
— Tissues chiefly primary
— Chiefly annual
— Covered by an epidermis
— Buds mostly naked

Answer 43

Herbaceous Stem

Question 44

Kinds of stem (as to texture)

— When they have welldeveloped
woody tissue,
like shrubs and trees
— Tough and not green
— Considerable growth of
diameter
— Tissues chiefly secondary
— Chiefly perennial
— Covered by corky bark
— Buds chiefly covered with
scales

Answer 44

Woody stem

Question 45

Types of stem

The vascular tissue exists as
scattered bundles of xylem
and phloem. The bundles are
more numerous at the
periphery than at the middle
of the stem. There is no
definite arrangement of
vascular bundles.

Answer 45

Herbaceous
Monocotyledonous Stem

Question 46

Types of stem

The vascular tissues are
arranged in discrete bundles,
but the bundles themselves
arranged in an orderly ring
and not scattered.

Answer 46

Herbaceous Dicotyledonous

Question 47

Types of Stem

The conducting tissues
of mature woody stems
are in the form of
concentric cylinder in
which the great
development of
secondary xylem results
in the characteristics
woody condition. These
stems usually have much
less pith than
herbaceous
dicotyledonous stems

Answer 47

Woody Dicotyledonous Stem

Question 48

Structure found in the Wood
– are concentric
layers of the xylem formed
by one year’s growth activity
of the cambium.

Composition of the annual
ring:
1. – is the inner
band of each ring that is
made up big cells formed by
the cambium in the spring
2. – outer band
of each ring which is smaller
and thick walled cells
formed in the summer

Answer 48

Annual rings

springwood

summerwood

Question 49

Structure found in the Wood

____ lies outside the
heartwood. _____ is
much valuable because it is
used in constructing
buildings.

Answer 49

B. Heartwood and Sapwood

Question 50

Forms of Trees

trees with cylindrical, unbranched and
usually bears at its summit on one set of leaves.

ex: Palm Trees

Answer 50

Columnar

Question 51

Forms of Trees

consists of one principal vertical stem –the trunk which tapers from base to summit.
From it, smaller horizontal branches radiate

ex: Pine Trees

Answer 51

Excurrent –

Question 52

Forms of Trees
– consists of a vertical
main stem or trunk rises for some distance above the ground and then divides into several branches.

ex: acacia

Answer 52

Deliquescent