EXPPSYCHAPTER4 Flashcards
is a useful way of obtaining information about
people’s opinions, attitudes, preferences, and behaviors simply by
asking.
The ____ approach allows us to gather data about experiences,
feeling, thoughts, and motives that are hard to observe directly.
Survey research
are the two most
common survey techniques in psychology research
Written questionnaires and face to face interviews
can be answered using a limited number of alternatives and have
a high imposition of units.
For example, “How many songs did your roommate illegally
download this month?”
Closed questions (structured questions)
require that
participants respond with more than a yes or 1-10 rating and have
a low imposition of units.
For example, “Why did you choose your major?”
Open-ended questions (open questions)
Open-ended questions can be analyzed using ____, is similar to coding behaviors using systematics
observational techniques
content
analysis
asks more than one thing in a single
item. It often include the word and or or.
Ex. Do you find using a cellphone to be convenient and time
saving?
How well do you get along with your teachers and classmates?
Is the class funny and educative?
I buy strawberries and cherries
Double barreled question
. Response choices need to be ____, meaning they need to
contain all possible options.
E.g. What kind of exercise activity do you engage?
* Play a sport
* Power walk or jog
* Treadmill
* Weight or strength of training
exhaustive
– the tendency to consistently give the same answer
to almost of the items on a survey.
In other words, respondents might agree or disagree with one or two
of the questions, but to make answering the survey easier on
themselves, they simply respond yes or no to almost all of the
questions.
Response Bias
A ___ assigns items to two or more distinct categories
that can be named using a shared feature but does not measure the
items in anyway.
For example, you can sort professors into exciting and dull
categories.
nominal scale
An ____ measures the magnitude of the dependent
variable using ranks but does not assign precise values.
For example, marathon contestants may finish from first place to last
place.
ordinal scale
An ___measures the magnitude of the DV using equal
intervals between values with no absolute zero point.
For example, Fahrenheit or Centigrade temperatures, and Sarnoff
and Zimbardo’s (1961) 0-100 scale.
interval scale
A ____measures the magnitude of the dependent variable
using equal intervals between values and an absolute zero.
This scale allows us to state that a 2-meter board is twice as long
as a 1-meter board.
For example, distance in meters.
ratio scale
are tendencies to respond to questions or test
items without regard to their actual wording.
People differ in their willingness to answer, position preference, and
yea-saying and nay-saying.
Response styles
is the tendency to guess or omit items
when unsure.
Sometimes, when unsure, respondents will leave questions blank;
others will take a guess.
Willingness to answer
is selecting an answer based on its position.
For example, students choosing “c” on multiple-choice exams.
Position preference
