EXPSPYCHAPTER5 Flashcards
are used to establish relationships among
preexisting conditions behaviors and can be used to predict one set
of behaviors from others.
Correlational designs
means “seeming like.”
Quasi
superficially
resemble experiments but lack their required manipulation of
antecedent conditions and/or random assignment to conditions.
Subjects are selected and placed into groups based on the characteristics
or circumstance that the experimenter wants to investigate; thus, the
treatments are either selected life events or preexisting characteristics of
individuals.
We should use _____when we cannot or should not
manipulate antecedent conditions.
Quasi-experiments
is one that is designed to determine the
correlation, or degree of relationship, between two traits, behaviors or
events.
Like for instance, you want to study What are the long term effects of
TV violence on aggressiveness?
To find the answer experimentally, it would be necessary for
researchers to manipulate children’s exposure to TV violence for
many years.
Correlational study
The degree of relationship, or correlation, between the two measures
would then be evaluated through statistical procedures.
Relationships between pairs of scores from each subject are known
as _____
simple correlations.
The ____ is the most
used procedure for calculating simple correlations.
Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient (r)
A ____ is used to calculate simple
correlations (between two variables) and may be expressed as: r
(50) = +.70, p = .001.
Pearson correlation coefficient
indicates a weak positive or negative relationship
indicates a moderate positive or negative relationship
indicates a strong positive or negative relationship
0 – 0.29
0.3 – 0.69
0.70 – 1.0
are a graphic display of pairs of data points on the x
and y axes.
llustrates the linearity, sign, magnitude, and probability
(indirectly) of a correlation.
Scatterplots
The lines drawn on the scatterplots are called ____ . They illustrate the mathematical equation that best
describes the linear relationship between the two measured scores.
The direction of the line corresponds to the direction of the
relationship.
Regression line, or
lines of best fit
___ means how the relationship between x and y can be
plotted as a line (linear relationship) or a curve (curvilinear
relationship).
Linearity
refers to whether the correlation coefficient is positive or
negative.
Sign
is the strength of the correlation coefficient, ranging from -
1 to +1.
Magnitude
is the likelihood of obtaining a correlation coefficient of this
magnitude due to chance.
Probability
Since correlations are symmetrical, A could cause B just as readily
as B could cause A.
Does insomnia cause depression or does depression cause
insomnia?
Causal direction