psyass Flashcards
The process of measuring psychology related
variables by means of devices or
procedures designed to obtain a sample of
behavior.
Testing:
The gathering and integration of
psychology-related data for the purpose of making a psychological evaluation through tools such as tests, interviews, case studies, behavioral observation, and other methods.
Assessment:
TESTING OR ASSESSMENT (Objective)
typically to obtain some gauge, usually numerical in nature with regard to an ability or attribute.
Testing -
TESTING OR ASSESSMENT (objective)
- Typically, to answer a referral question, solve a problem, or arrive at a decision through the use of tools of evaluation
Assessment
TESTING OR ASSESSMENT (PROCESS)
may be individual or group in nature. After the administration, the __ will typically add up the “number of correct answers or the number of certain types of responses with little regard for the how or mechanics of such content
Testing
TESTING OR ASSESSMENT (PROCESS)
is typically individualized. In contrast to ____, it is more typically focuses on how an individual processes rather than simple the results of that processing
Assessment
TESTING OR ASSESSMENT (Role of the Evaluator)
The ___ is not key to the process: practically speaking, one _____ may be substituted for another ___ without appreciable affecting evaluation
Testing
TESTING OR ASSESSMENT (Role of the Evaluator)
The ___ is key to the process of selecting tests and/or other tools of evaluation as well as in drawing conclusions from the entire evaluation.
Assessment
TESTING OR ASSESSMENT (Skill of evaluator)
Typically requires technician-like skills in terms of administering and scoring a test as well as in interpreting a test result.
Testing
TESTING OR ASSESSMENT (Skill of evaluator)
Typically requires an educated selection of tools of evaluation, skill in evaluation, and thoughtful organization and integration of data.
Assessment
TESTING OR ASSESSMENT (Outcome)
Typically yields a test score or series of test scores.
Testing
TESTING OR ASSESSMENT (Outcome)
Typically entails a logical problem-solving approach that brings to bear many sources of data designed to shed light on a referral question.
Assessment
The assessor and assessee work as
partners.
Collaborative Psychological Assessment:
DYNAMIC ASSESSMENT (STAGES)
1)
2)
3)
DYNAMIC ASSESSMENT (STAGES)
1) Evaluation
2) Intervention
3) Evaluation
Therapeutic self-discovery is encouraged
through the assessment process.
Therapeutic Psychological Assessment:
Dynamic assessment is typically
employed in _____
but also may be used in corporate,
neuropsychological, clinical, and
other settings
educational settings
- A measurement device or technique used to quantify behavior or aid in the understanding and prediction of behavior
When the word____ is prefaced with a modifier, it refers to a device or procedure designed to measure a variable
related to that modifier.
Test
refers to a device or
procedure designed to measure variables related to
psychology. (e.g., intelligence, attitudes, personality, interests, etc.).
psychological test
The subject matter of the test.
It depends on the theoretical
orientation of test developers and the
unique way in which they define the
construct of interest.
Content:
The form, plan, structure, layout
of test items, and other considerations
(e.g., time limits).
Format:
Tests may require certain
tasks to be performed, trained
observation of performance, or little
involvement by the test administrators
(e.g., self-report questionnaires).
Administration:
Scoring of tests may be simple, such as summing responses to items, or may require more elaborate procedures.
Some tests results can be interpreted easily, or interpreted
by computer, whereas other tests require expertise for
proper interpretation.
Scoring and Interpretation:
A reference point, usually numerical, used to
divide data into two or more classifications (e.g., pass or
fail).
Cut Score:
is the science of psychological
measurement.
Psychometrics
The ______of a test
depends on how consistently and accurately the test
measures what it purports to measure.
psychometric soundness
are sometimes referred to as
psychometrists or psychometricians.
Test users
TYPES OF TESTS
: refers to previous learning
Achievement test
TYPES OF TESTS
the potential for learning or acquiring a specific skill
Aptitude test:
TYPES OF TESTS
refers to a person’s general potential to solve problems, adapt to changing circumstances, think abstractly and benefit from experience.
Intelligence tests:
TYPES OF TESTS
the tendency of a person to show a particular behavior in a given situation
_____the subject has to choose between 2 or more alternative responses
______the stimulus or the required
response are ambiguous.
Personality tests:
Structured personality tests:
Projective personality tests:
The process psychologists use to collect and evaluate
information in order to make diagnoses, plan
treatment, and predict behavior
Involves an evaluation of an individual’s strengths and
weaknesses, a conceptualization of the problem at
hand (with etiological factors), and some prescription
for alleviating the problem that leads us to a better
understanding of the client
May include clinical interviews, reviewing past
records, observing behavior, and administering
psychological tests
Psychological Assessment
involves specific assessment
techniques utilizing reliable and valid testing
instruments that enable the psychologist to compare
individual scores with the scores obtained from
normative samples
Psychological testing
Clinical Assessment Process
1) _____ - Self, parent, professional, school or
company
2) ________ - Intake interview: demographics and history of problem
3) _______ - Problem Identification:
Interview, Observation, Testing & Documents
4) _________- Integrate data from various
assessment techniques
5) ______ - Making sense of the integrated data
by using a psychological framework
6) ________- Test Results, Formulation, Diagnosis, Prognosis and RECOMMENDATIONS
Clinical Assessment Process
1) Referral - Self, parent, professional, school or
company
2) Presenting a Problem - Intake interview: demographics and history of problem
3) Planning and Data Collection - Problem Identification:
Interview, Observation, Testing & Documents
4) Data Interpretation- Integrate data from various
assessment techniques
5) Case fomulation - Making sense of the integrated data
by using a psychological framework
6) Written and Oral Communication Findings- Test Results, Formulation, Diagnosis, Prognosis and RECOMMENDATIONS
- where the assessment process beings
The referral
- is a method of gathering information through
direct communication involving reciprocal exchange
Interview
Other Tools of Psychological Assessment
A file containing the products of one’s work. May serve as a sample of one’s abilities and accomplishments
The Portfolio:
Other Tools of Psychological Assessment
Information preserved in records,
transcripts, or other forms.
Case History Data:
Other Tools of Psychological Assessment
Monitoring the actions of people
through visual or electronic means
Behavioral Observation:
Other Tools of Psychological Assessment
Assessees are directed to act as if
they were in a particular situation. Useful in
evaluating various skills.
Role-Play Tests:
Other Tools of Psychological Assessment
Computers
can assist in test administration,
scoring, and interpretation.
Computers as Tools:
Who are the Parties?
– tests are created for research
studies, publication (as commercially available
instruments), or as modifications of existing tests.
The test developer
Who are the Parties?
– Tests are used by a wide range of
professionals
The test user
Who are the Parties?
– Anyone who is the subject of an
assessment or evaluation
The test-taker
Who are the Parties?
– Test developers create tests to meet
the needs of an evolving society.
Society at large
Who are the Parties?
- Organizations, companies, and
governmental agencies sponsor the development of
tests.
Other parties
The________covers issues related to test construction and
evaluation, test administration and use, special
applications of tests and considerations for linguistic
minorities.
Standards for Educational and Psychological
Testing
WHAT TYPE OF SETTING
Students typically undergo school ability tests and achievement tests.
Diagnostic tests may be used to identify areas for educational intervention .
Educational settings:
WHAT TYPE OF SETTING
Includes hospitals, inpatient and
outpatient clinics, private-practice consulting rooms,
schools, and other institutions.
Assessment tools are used to help screen for or
diagnose behavior problems.
Clinical settings:
WHAT TYPE OF SETTING
Includes schools, prisons, and
governmental or privately owned institutions.
The goal of assessments in this setting is improvements in adjustment, productivity, or related variable.
Counseling settings:
WHAT TYPE OF SETTING
Assessment primarily evaluates
cognitive, psychological, adaptive, or other functioning. At
issue is quality of life.
Geriatric settings:
WHAT TYPE OF SETTING
Decisions regarding careers of personnel are made with a variety of achievement, aptitude, interest, motivational, and other tests.
Business and military settings:
WHAT TYPE OF SETTING
Includes
governmental licensing, certification, or general
credentialing of professionals (e.g. attorneys, physicians,
and psychologists)
Government and organizational credentialing:
Where to go for Information on Tests
distributed by publishers of
tests. Usually brief, and un-critical, descriptions of tests.
Test catalogues -
Where to go for Information on Tests
- Detailed information concerning the
development of a particular test and technical
information.
Test manuals
Where to go for Information on Tests
– ___ like the Mental
Measurements Yearbook or Tests in Print provide detailed
information on many tests.
Reference volumes
Where to go for Information on Tests
- contain reviews of a test, updated or
independent studies of its psychometric soundness, or
examples of how the instrument was used in either
research or an applied context.
Journal articles
Where to go for Information on Tests
- Educational Resources Information
Center (ERIC) contains a wealth of resources and news
about tests, testing, and assessment. There are abstracts
of articles, original articles, and links to other useful
websites.
Online databases
Where to go for Information on Tests
The _______has a number
of databases including PsycINFO, ClinPSYC, PsycARTICLES,
and PsycSCAN.
American Psychological Association (APA)
Where to go for Information on Tests
Other sources - Directory of Unpublished Experimental
Mental Measures and Tests in Microfiche. Also, university
libraries provide access to online databases such as
PsycINFO and full-text articles..
Where to go for Information on Tests
Other sources - Directory of Unpublished Experimental
Mental Measures and Tests in Microfiche. Also, university
libraries provide access to online databases such as
PsycINFO and full-text articles..
