bp final Flashcards
PART OF THE EYE
The “white” of the eye, or _____ provides a tough outer covering that helps the fluid-filled eyeball maintain its shape. :
sclera,
PART OF THE EYE
Light entering the eye first passes through the outer layer or ______Because the ______is curved, it begins the process of bending or refracting light rays to form an image in the back of the eye.
cornea.
PART OF THE EYE
when cornea is touched the eyelids blink
Corneal reflex;
PART OF THE EYE
After light travels through the cornea and the aqueous humor, it next enters the ____The _____ is actually an opening formed by the circular muscle of the iris,
pupil
PART OF THE EYE
The____adjusts the opening of the pupil in response to the amount of light present in the environment.
iris
PART OF THE EYE
- Disc of muscular tissue surrounding pupil and lies between cornea and lens
- Gives eye its color
iris
PART OF THE EYE
shade eyes and protect from perspiration
Eyebrows:
PART OF THE EYE
a. Protect from foreign bodies
b. Regulate entry of light into eye
c. Distribute tears through blinking
Eyelids
PART OF THE EYE
blinking reflex protects eyes from foreign objects
Eyelashes:
PART OF THE EYE
lubricates eyes
Conjunctiva:
PART OF THE EYE
secrete, distribute, and drain tears to cleanse and moisten eye’s surface
Lacrimal gland, punctum, lacrimal sac, nasolacrimal duct:
PART OF THE EYE
Vital to protecting internal structures
Extraocular Structures
PART OF THE EYE
Transmit visual images and maintain homeostasis of the inner eye
Intraocular Structures:
PART OF THE EYE
1. Space between cornea and iris
2. Filled with aqueous humor
Anterior Chamber
PART OF THE EYE
a neural tissue, an extension of the optic nerve, lies at the innermost surface of the fundus
Retina-
EYE DISORDER
infection of the Zeis gland in the follicle of the lash
Hordeolum (Stye) –
EYE DISORDER
involves the meibomian gland in the lid
Chalazion
EYE DISORDER\
triangular fold of membrane in the conjunctiva
Pterygium –
EYE DISORDER
a. Disruption of superficial epithelium of cornea
b. Objects include contact lenses, eyelashes, small foreign bodies (dirt, dust,
fingernails)
Corneal abrasion
EYE DISORDER
Condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure (IOP) of eye and a gradual loss of vision; “thief in the night”, i.e. narrowing of vision field is
so gradual that it us noticed until late in disease process.
Glaucoma
HEARING DISORDER
loss are two of the most common hearing problems!
conductive hearing loss and sensory-neural loss
- acute infection of the middle ear lasting less than 6 weeks.
- a purulent exudates are usually present
Acute Otitis Media
abnormal ear fluid balance caused by a malabsorption in the endolymphatic sac.
Meniere’s Disease
is not usually serious and often heals on its own without any complications. It may cause hearing loss, in which case a small procedure to repair it is an option
A torn (perforated) eardrum
It is an uncommon condition where a growth develops in the ear. You can be born with it but usually it occurs as a complication of a long-standing (chronic) ear infection
Cholesteatoma
EYE DISORDER
Most common eye disease and is usually bacterial or viral in origin
Conjunctivitis
Patient’s Chief Complaint is identified and careful history is extracted
OCULAR EXAMINATION
Uses a standard Snellen’s Chart
Visual Acuity
Patient is asked to stand 20 feet away from the chart and asked to read the smallest line that he or she can see.
The right eye is commonly tested first and then the left eye/
The patient should wear distance correction if he has (eyeglasses or contact lenses)
Snellen’s Chart
snellen’s chart
If patient unable to read 20/20 line, a ______ is used
pinhole occluder
snellen’s chart
If patient unable to read the largest letter(E), ______
he is moved toward the chart (10/200)
snellen’s chart
If the patient unable to see the letter E at any distance, examiner determines ______
if patient can Count Fingers(CF):
snellen’s chart
If patient cannot do CF, examiner raises one hand up and down or moves it side to side and asks which direction hand is moving. This is called _______
Hand Motions(HM)
snellen’s chart
And lastly if the patient still doesn’t see, a _____ or _____
Light Perception(LP) is done, or No Light Perception(NLP)
EYE DIAGNOSTICS
To directly examine the Cornea, Lens and Retina
Uses the _________ in a dark room
Direct Ophthalmoscopy
EYE DIAGNOSTICS
The ________ is a binocular microscope that enables the user to examine more the internal eye structures including nerves with magnification 10 to 40 times the real imag
Slit-Lamp Examination
EYE DIAGNOSTICS
( to assess color blindness)sensitive for the diagnosis of green/red blindness but not effective for detection of blue discrimination
Ishihara chart
EYE DIAGNOSTICS
Is a test used for patients with macular problems such as Macular degeneration
Amsler Grid
EYE DIAGNOSTICS
Measures intra-ocular pressure (IOP) by determining the amount of force necessary to indent or flatten(applanate) a small anterior area of the globe of the eye
Tonometry
EAR ASSESSMENT
using a otoscope, held in the examiner’s right hand, in a pencil hold position.
Auricle is pulled downward and backward to straighten the ear canal.
Otoscopic Examination
EAR ASSESSMENT
occlude the untested ear with your hand, then from a distance of 1-2 feet whisper softly on the unoccluded ear.
Whisper test
EAR ASSESSMENT
uses bone conduction to test lateralization of sound to detect unilateral hearing loss
place the tuning fork on the forehead, should hear sound equally on both ears.
Weber’s test
EAR ASSESSMENT
The examiner shifts the stem of vibrating tuning fork between two positions; 2 inches from the opening of the ear canal ( for air conduction), and against the mastoid bone (for bone conduction)
Rinne Test
EAR ASSESSMENT
This is a medicaltest that measures the function, pressure and movement of the eardrum and middle ear.The resultsare represented ona graph called atympanogram.
Tympanometry
