Psyass2 Flashcards
The first systematic tests were developed in China as early as ___
as a means of selecting people for government jobs.
2200 B.C.E.
- Darwin’s interest in individual differences led his half-cousin,
____, to devise a number of measures for
psychological variables. - He demonstrates that individual differences not only
exist but also are objectively measurable.
Francis Galton
___started the first experimental
psychology laboratory and measured variables such as
reaction time, perception, and attention span.
* The objective is to ensure that any observed differences in
performance are indeed due to differences between the
people being measured not extraneous variables.
Wilhelm Wundt
, an American who
had studies with Galton, coined the term
mental test in 1890 and was responsible for
launching mental testing in its modern form.
Founding member of the APA and that
organization’s 4th President.
James McKeen Cattell
developed a series of tests designed to
assess mental abilities. Rather than focus on
learned information such as math and
reading,
◦ ____ concentrated on other mental
abilities such as attention and memory. The
scale they developed became known as
the Binet-Simon Intelligence Scale.
◦ Binet and Theodore Simon
a clinical
psychologist at Bellevue Hospital in
NYC, introduced a test designed to
measure adult intelligence.
◦ According to him, “intelligence
was the aggregate or global
capacity of the individual to act
purposefully, to think rationally, and
to deal effectively with his
environment”.
David Wechsler
The ____is an individually
administered, standardized test designed to measure
cognitive ability in individuals from age 16 years to 90 years,
11 months.
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
– was an American
psychologist best known for his work in
intelligence testing and in the field of
comparative psychology.
Group testing was basically developed to
meet a pressing practical need of large
number of recruits for the war.
In 1917, he was elected President of the
American Psychological Association. After the
U.S. entered World War I, ____ urged the
APA to get involved in contributing
psychological expertise to the war effort.
Robert Yerkes
◦ Is a test that test measures “verbal ability,
numerical ability, ability to follow directions, and
knowledge of information”.
◦ It was distributed to determine whether draftees
could read English, but also to evaluate soldiers so
that they could be assigned to tasks or training in
alignment with their abilities.
Army Alpha
◦ was developed for those men with limited literacy
who were unable to respond to the written test or
who were unable to take a test in English.
◦ Army Beta
was assigned the
task to develop a measure of
adjustment and emotional stability
called Personal Data Sheet.
Robert Woodworth
The ____ was the first widely used
self-report personality test
Woodworth Psychoneurotic
Inventory
is a personality test designed
to let a person respond to ambiguous stimuli, presumably
revealing hidden emotions and internal conflicts projected
by the person into the test.
projective test
Researchers at
universities throughout the world use the
tools of assessment to help advance
knowledge and understanding of human
and animal behavior.
Academic tradition:
, the goal is to
select applicants for various positions on
the basis of merit.
applied tradition
