zo Flashcards
group of cells with similar structure and
function plus extracellular substance (matrix)
tissue
study of tissues
Histology:
Types of Tissues
1.
2.
3.
4.
Types of Tissues
1. Epithelial
2. Connective
3. Muscular
4. Nervous
____Tissue
cover body (internal and external)
-
Ex. Skin, kidney, trachea, glands, etc.
Epithelial
___ Tissue
Characteristics:
- cells close together (very little extracellular
matrix) - form most glands
- have free surface
Basal surface:
attaches epithelial cells to underlying tissues
Epithelial
Functions of Epithelial Tissues
1.Protect:Ex. Skin
2.Act as a barrier: Ex. Skin keeps bacteria out
3.Diffusion and Filtration: Ex. Lungs and kidneys
4.Secretion: Ex. Sweat glands
5.Absorption:vEx. Small intestine
Functions of Epithelial Tissues
1.Protect:Ex. Skin
2.Act as a barrier: Ex. Skin keeps bacteria out
3.Diffusion and Filtration: Ex. Lungs and kidneys
4.Secretion: Ex. Sweat glands
5.Absorption: Ex. Small intestine
Types of Epithelial Tissues
_____
Structure:
1 layer of flat, tile like cells
Function:
diffusion and filtration
Location:
blood vessels, lungs, heart, kidneys
Simple Squamous
Types of Epithelial Tissues
______
Structure:
1 layer of square shaped cells
Function: secretion
Location: glands, ovaries, kidneys
Simple Cuboidal
Types of Epithelial Tissues
_____
Structure:
1 layer of tall, narrow cells
Function: secrete mucus and absorption
Location: stomach, intestines, resp. tract
Simple Columnar
Types of Epithelial Tissues
Structure:
1 layer of tall, narrow cells appears stratified but isn’t
Function:
secrete mucus and propel debris out of
resp. tract (cilia)
Location: nasal cavity and trachea
Pseudostratified Columnar
Types of Epithelial Tissues
_____
Structure: many layers of flat, tile like cells
Function: protect and acts as a barrier
Location: skin, mouth, throat, esophagus
Stratified Squamous
Types of Epithelial Tissues
____
Structure : special type of stratified epi. changesvshape (stretched squamous, not stretched cuboidal)
Function: hold fluids
Location: urinary bladder
Transitional
Surface not in contact with other cells
Smooth to reduce friction, Ex. Blood vessels
____
- increase cell’s surface area
Ex. Small intestine
Free Cell Surfaces
Microvilli:
move materials across cell’s surface
Ex. Trachea
Cilia:
produce mucus
Ex. Stomach
Goblet cells
Cell Connections
____
bind adjacent cells together
Ex. Intestines
Tight junctions:
Cell Connections
_____
mechanical links that bind cells
Desmosomes:
Cell Connections
____
bind cells to basement membrane
Hemidesmosomes:
Cell Connections
small channels that allow molecules to pass
between cells
allow cells to communicate
most common
Gap junctions:
structures that secrete substances onto a surface, into a cavity, or into blood
Glands
______
glands with ducts
Ex. Sweat or oil glands
Exocrine glands:
_____
no ducts (directly into bloodstream)
Ex. Thyroid, thymus, pituitary glands, etc.
Endocrine glands
Types of Exocrine Glands
____
no branches
_____
many branches
____
end of duct
____
sac
like structure
Simple:
Compound
Tubular:
Alveolus:
Types of Protein Fibers
look like ropes and are flexible but resist
stretching
Collagen fibers
Characteristics of what type of tissue?
Cells far apart
Contain large amounts of extracellular matrix
Classified based on type of extracellular matrix
and function
Ex. Blast cells build, clast cells carve
Extracellular matrix contains 3 components (in
varying amounts): protein fibers, ground
substance, fluid
Ground substance: proteins and sugars
Connective Tissues
Types of Protein Fibers
supporting network that fills spaces between
organs and tissues
Reticular fibers:
Types of Protein Fibers
recoil after being stretched
Elastic fibers:
Functions of Connective Tissue
1.Enclose and separate:
Ex. around organs and muscles
- Connect tissues:
Ex. Tendons: connect bone to muscle
Ex. Ligaments:connect bone to bone
3.Support and Movement:
Ex. bones
Storage:
Ex. bones store calcium and adipose tissue
stores fat
- Cushion and insulate:
Ex. adipose tissue protects organs and helps
conserve heat
6.Transport:
Ex. Blood
7.Protect:
Ex. Immune cells
Functions of Connective Tissue
1.Enclose and separate:
Ex. around organs and muscles
- Connect tissues:
Ex. Tendons: connect bone to muscle
Ex. Ligaments:connect bone to bone
3.Support and Movement:
Ex. bones
Storage:
Ex. bones store calcium and adipose tissue
stores fat
- Cushion and insulate:
Ex. adipose tissue protects organs and helps
conserve heat
6.Transport:
Ex. Blood
7.Protect:
Ex. Immune cells
Types of Ordinary Connective Tissue
___
Location:between organs, muscles, glands, skin
Structure:collagen fibers far apart
Function:support and protect
Loose
Types of Ordinary Connective Tissue
_____
Location: tendons, ligaments, skin
Structure: collagen fibers packed close together
Function: connect and can withstand pulling
forces
Dense
Types of Ordinary Connective Tissue
_____
Location:under skin and around organs
Structure: collagen and elastic fibers, cells filled
with lipids
Function: storage, insulate, cushion
Adipose
It is a type of connective tissue
- Composed of chondrocytes
- Contains collagen
- Withstands compressions
- Provides support, flexibility, strength
Cartilage
*
Types of Cartilage
____
Location: between vertebra
Structure: lots of collagen fibers
Function: can withstand compression
Fibrocartilage
Types of Cartilage
_____
Location: covers ends of bones
Structure: some collagen fibers
Function: reduces friction (cushion)
Hyaline cartilage
Types of Cartilage
_____
Location: ear and tip of nose
Structure: elastic fibers
Function: can recoil
Elastic cartilage
-It is a hard connective tissue
-2 types: compact and spongy
-Composed of osteocytes
Bone
-Liquid connective tissue
-Erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets
-Transport food, oxygen, waste, hormones
Blood
What type of tissue?
- Consist of neurons or nerve cells
- Found in brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves
- Controls and coordinates body movements
- Includes axons, dendrites, cell bodies
Nervous Tissue
-Occurs when tissues are damaged
- Signals the body’s defenses (white blood cells)
to destroy foreign materials and damaged cells
so repair can occur.
Chemical mediators:
-released after injury
- cause dilation of blood vessels
Inflammation
