clncal

Question 1

clinical psychology was first used in print by _____ in 1907.
He was also the first to operate a psychological clinic.

He envisioned clinical
psychology as a discipline with similarities to a variety of other fields, specifically
medicine, education, and sociology. A clinical psychologist, therefore, was a person
whose work with others involved aspects of treatment, education, and interpersonal
issues.

Answer 1

Lightner Witmer

Question 1

is primarily concerned with the ways our thoughts,
feelings, and behaviors influence our physical health. To become a competent_____, a clinical psychologist needs training beyond the typical doctoral
program requirements. This training can take the form of coursework or internships
and often involves interaction with professionals from many health professions outside
of psychology

Answer 1

Health psychology

Question 2

____or the biological roots of mental disorders. This
would have been a significant paradigm shift in which the fundamental way we
define mental disorders changes from descriptions of behavioral symptoms to
biological evidence—in much the same way that many areas of medicine use
blood tests, biopsies, x-rays, PET scans, gene analyses, or other lab results to
determine whether a person has a disease.

Answer 2

Neuropsychology

Question 2

_____ integrates science, theory, and practice to
understand, predict, and alleviate maladjustment, disability, and discomfort as
well as to promote human adaptation, adjustment, and personal development.

It focuses on the intellectual, emotional, biological,
psychological, social, and behavioral aspects of human functioning across the life
span, in varying cultures, and at all socioeconomic levels.

Answer 2

Clinical Psychology

Question 3

—the application of psychological methods and principles within
the legal system

Answer 3

Forensic psychology

Question 4

5 Principles

• Psychologists strive to benefit those with whom they work and take care to do no harm

Answer 4

Beneficience and Nonmaleficence

Question 5

5 Principles
- Psychologists establish relationships of trust with those with whom they work. They are aware of their professional and scientific responsibilities to society and to the specific communities in which they work

Answer 5

Fidelity and Responsibility

Question 6

5 Principles

• Psychologists recognize that fairness and justice entitle all persons to access and benefit from the contributions of psychology and to equal quality in the processes, procedures, and services being conducted by psychologists.

Answer 6

Justice

Question 6

5 Principles

• Psychologists seek to promote accuracy, honesty and truthfulness in the science, teaching and practice of psychology.

Answer 6

Integrity

Question 7

is the primary activity of clinical psychologists today, but that hasn’t
always been the case. In fact, in 1930—more than a quarter century after Witmer
founded the field—almost every clinical psychologist worked in academia (rather than
as a therapist), and it wasn’t until the 1940s or 1950s that_____played a
significant role in the history of clinical psychology

Answer 7

Psychotherapy

Question 8

5 Principles

• Psychologists respect the dignity and worth of all people, and the rights of individuals to privacy, confidentiality, and self-determination

Answer 8

Respect for People’s Rights and Dignity

Question 9

DSM is the manual used by clinicians and researchers to diagnose and classify mental disorders. ____will publish DSM-5 in 2013

Answer 9

The American Psychiatric Association (APA)

Question 9

heard about the deplorable conditions in
which the mentally ill lived. He visited asylums to get a firsthand look, and he was
appalled by what he saw. He devoted much of his life to improving these conditions.
He raised funds to open the York Retreat, a residential treatment center where the
mentally ill would always be cared for with kindness, dignity, and decency. (The
simple act of labeling his facility a “retreat” suggests a fundamentally different
approach to the mentally ill compared with the dominant approach at the time.)
Patients received good food, frequent exercise, and friendly interactions with staff.

Answer 9

William Tuke

Question 10

____ flourished in the 1960s,
as Carl Rogers’s relationship- and growth-oriented approach to therapy offered an
alternative to both psychodynamic and behavioral approaches that many therapists and
clients found attractive

Answer 10

Humanistic (or “client-centered”)

Question 11

____ does not necessarily aim to dethrone any of
the first three forces. Instead, it enhances and strengthens existing models by infusing
them with sensitivity and awareness of how they can be best applied to individuals of
various cultural backgrounds

Answer 11

Multiculturalism

Question 12

He was to France—a liberator of the
mentally ill. He went to great lengths to
convince his contemporaries and those with power in France that the mentally ill were
not possessed by devils and that they deserved compassion and hope rather than
maltreatment and scorn. He created new institutions in which patients were not kept in
chains or beaten but, rather, were given healthy food and benevolent treatment.

Answer 12

Philippe Pinel

Question 13

___ made sure that the chorus of voices for humane treatment of the mentally ill
was also heard on the other side of the Atlantic Ocean. The burden for treating the mentally ill typically fell on their families, who often hid
their mentally ill relatives out of shame and embarrassment. ___was able to raise funds to open The Retreat in Hartford, Connecticut,
in 1824. He and his staff emphasized patients’ strengths rather than
weaknesses, and they allowed patients to have significant input in their own treatment
decisions.

Answer 13

Eli Todd

Question 14

____was working as a Sunday school teacher in a jail in Boston, where she
saw firsthand that many of the inmates were there as a result of mental illness or
retardation rather than crime. ___ devoted the rest of her life to improving the lives
and treatment of the mentally ill. Typically, she would travel to a city, collect data on
its treatment of the mentally ill, present her data to local community leaders, and
persuade them to treat the mentally ill more humanely and adequately.

Answer 14

Dorothea Dix

Question 15

refers to a positive, comfortable relationship between interviewer and client

Answer 15

Rapport

Question 16

The purpose of the ____ is essentially to determine whether to “intake”
the client to the setting where the interview is taking place. In other words, it determines whether the client needs treatment; if so, what form of treatment
is needed and whether the current
facility can provide that treatment or the client should be referred to a more suitable
facility.

Answer 16

intake interview

Question 17

___ is employed most often in medical settings. Its primary
purpose is to quickly assess how the client is functioning at the time of the evaluation.

Answer 17

mental status exam

Question 18

____ is a special type of clinical interview. They are designed not only to assess a problem demanding urgent
attention (most often, clients actively considering suicide or another act of harm
toward self or others) but also to provide immediate and effective intervention for that
problem.

Answer 18

crisis interview

Question 19

the purpose of the ____ is to diagnose. At the
end of a well-conducted diagnostic interview, the interviewer is able to confidently and
accurately assign Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)
diagnoses to the client’s problems

Answer 19

diagnostic interview

Question 20

This model
emphasized both practice and research.

To become a clinical
psychologist, graduate students would need to receive training and display competence
in the application of clinical methods (assessment, psychotherapy, etc.) and the
research methods necessary to study and evaluate the field scientifically

Answer 20

Balancing Practice and Science: The Scientist-
Practitioner (Boulder) Model
Training

Question 21

“Why do I need
such extensive training as a scientist when my goal is simply to practice?”. Many would-be clinical psychologists sought a doctoral-level degree with less
extensive training in research and more extensive training in the development of
applied clinical skills. So the _____ was born, along
with a new type of doctoral degree, the PsyD. Compared with PhD
programs, these programs typically offer more coursework directly related to practice
and fewer related to research and statistics

Answer 21

Leaning Toward Practice: The Practitioner-Scholar
(Vail) Model

Question 22

This model stressed the scientific side of clinical
psychology more strongly than did the Boulder model. Unlike those who created the Vail model in the 1970s, the leaders of
the clinical scientist movement have not suggested that graduates of their program
should receive an entirely different degree—they still award the PhD, just as Boulder
model graduate programs do. However, a PhD from a clinical scientist program
implies a very strong emphasis on the scientific method and evidence-based clinical
methods

Answer 22

Leaning Toward Science: The Clinical Scientist Model

Question 23

was designed for clients aged 14 to 18 years. It was published in 1992 and is very
similar in administration, format, scoring, and interpretation to the MMPI-2. It is a
true/false, pencil-and-paper test consisting of 478 items. Some of its items are shared
with the MMPI-2, and some are original items targeting common teen issues such as
school, family, substance use, and peer relations

Answer 23

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-Adolescent (MMPI-A)

Question 24

An important development in the history of intelligence testing arose in the early
1900s, when the French government sought help in determining which public school
students should qualify for special services. _____
(along with ____) created the first Binet-Simon scale in 1905. It
was the first to incorporate a comparison of mental age to chronological age as a
measure of intelligence.

Answer 24

Alfred Binet Theodore Simon

Question 25

labeled specific categories such as manic-depressive psychosis and
dementia praecox (roughly equivalent to bipolar disorder and schizophrenia,

Answer 25

Emil Kraepline

Question 25

Whereas a paraphrase echoes the client’s words, a ___echoes the
client’s emotions. _____are intended to make clients feel that their
emotions are recognized, even if their comments did not explicitly include labels of
their feelings.

if Brianna’s comment above (“I only binge when I’m
alone”) was delivered with a tone and body language that communicated shame—her
hand covering her face, her voice quivering, and her eyes looking downward—the
interviewer might respond with a statement like, “You don’t want anyone to see you
binging—do you feel embarrassed about it?”

Answer 25

Reflection of feelings

Question 25

a new, shorter version of the MMPI-2 was released. ____contains only 388
of the 567 items on the MMPI-2.

Answer 25

The MMPI-2
Restructured Form

Question 26

proposed a theory: Intelligence is a singular
characteristic. He labeled this characteristic “g” for general intelligence and
argued that it represented a person’s global, overall intellectual ability.

Answer 26

Charles Spearman

Question 27

• Unlike clarifying or confronting, it is not prompted by the interviewer’s
  need to resolve or clarify what a client has said. Instead, it is used simply
  to assure clients that they are being accurately heard.

“I only binge when I’m alone,” the interviewer might immediately
respond with a statement such as, “You only binge when no one else is around.”

Answer 27

Paraphrasing

Question 28

The purpose of a __ question is to make sure the interviewer has an accurate
understanding of the client’s comments. ____questions not only enhance the
interviewer’s ability to “get it,” they also communicate to the client that the
interviewer is actively listening and processing what the client says.

For example, with
Brianna (the client with bulimic symptoms described above), the interviewer may at
one point say, “You mentioned that a few months ago you started exercising
excessively after eating large amounts of food but that you’ve never made yourself
vomit—do I have that right?”

Answer 28

clarification

Question 28

Interviewers use ___ when they notice discrepancies or inconsistencies in a
client’s comments. ____ can be similar to clarifications, but they focus on
apparently contradictory information provided by clients.

For example, an interviewer
might say to Brianna, “Earlier, you mentioned that you had been happy with your body
and weight as a teenager, but then a few minutes ago you mentioned that during high
school you felt fat in comparison with many of your friends. I’m a bit confused.”

Answer 28

confrontation

Question 29

Typically, clinical interviews involve a ___of some kind made by the
interviewer. It can take a number of different forms, depending on the
type of interview, the client’s problem, the setting, or other factors. In some cases, the
___ can be essentially similar to a summarization, as described above. Or the
interviewer might be able to go a step further by providing an initial conceptualization
of the client’s problem that incorporates a greater degree of detail than a brief
summarization statement.

In some situations, the ___ of the interview may
consist of a specific diagnosis made by the interviewer on the basis of the client’s
response to questions about specific criteria. Or the ___ may involve
recommendations.

Answer 29

conclusion

Question 29

is the study of aging processes and individuals across the life course. It includes: The study of physical, mental, and social changes in people as they age

Answer 29

Gerontology

Question 29

• refers to records, transcripts, and other accounts written, pictorial or other form that preserve archival information, official, and informal accounts, and other data and items relevant to an assessee.

Answer 29

Case history data

Question 30

is the study and application of psychological principles on behalf of persons who have disability due to injury or illness.

Answer 30

Rehabilitation psychology