clncal Flashcards
clinical psychology was first used in print by _____ in 1907.
He was also the first to operate a psychological clinic.
He envisioned clinical
psychology as a discipline with similarities to a variety of other fields, specifically
medicine, education, and sociology. A clinical psychologist, therefore, was a person
whose work with others involved aspects of treatment, education, and interpersonal
issues.
Lightner Witmer
is primarily concerned with the ways our thoughts,
feelings, and behaviors influence our physical health. To become a competent_____, a clinical psychologist needs training beyond the typical doctoral
program requirements. This training can take the form of coursework or internships
and often involves interaction with professionals from many health professions outside
of psychology
Health psychology
____or the biological roots of mental disorders. This
would have been a significant paradigm shift in which the fundamental way we
define mental disorders changes from descriptions of behavioral symptoms to
biological evidence—in much the same way that many areas of medicine use
blood tests, biopsies, x-rays, PET scans, gene analyses, or other lab results to
determine whether a person has a disease.
Neuropsychology
_____ integrates science, theory, and practice to
understand, predict, and alleviate maladjustment, disability, and discomfort as
well as to promote human adaptation, adjustment, and personal development.
It focuses on the intellectual, emotional, biological,
psychological, social, and behavioral aspects of human functioning across the life
span, in varying cultures, and at all socioeconomic levels.
Clinical Psychology
—the application of psychological methods and principles within
the legal system
Forensic psychology
5 Principles
- Psychologists strive to benefit those with whom they work and take care to do no harm
Beneficience and Nonmaleficence
5 Principles
- Psychologists establish relationships of trust with those with whom they work. They are aware of their professional and scientific responsibilities to society and to the specific communities in which they work
Fidelity and Responsibility
5 Principles
- Psychologists recognize that fairness and justice entitle all persons to access and benefit from the contributions of psychology and to equal quality in the processes, procedures, and services being conducted by psychologists.
Justice
5 Principles
- Psychologists seek to promote accuracy, honesty and truthfulness in the science, teaching and practice of psychology.
Integrity
is the primary activity of clinical psychologists today, but that hasn’t
always been the case. In fact, in 1930—more than a quarter century after Witmer
founded the field—almost every clinical psychologist worked in academia (rather than
as a therapist), and it wasn’t until the 1940s or 1950s that_____played a
significant role in the history of clinical psychology
Psychotherapy
5 Principles
- Psychologists respect the dignity and worth of all people, and the rights of individuals to privacy, confidentiality, and self-determination
Respect for People’s Rights and Dignity
DSM is the manual used by clinicians and researchers to diagnose and classify mental disorders. ____will publish DSM-5 in 2013
The American Psychiatric Association (APA)
heard about the deplorable conditions in
which the mentally ill lived. He visited asylums to get a firsthand look, and he was
appalled by what he saw. He devoted much of his life to improving these conditions.
He raised funds to open the York Retreat, a residential treatment center where the
mentally ill would always be cared for with kindness, dignity, and decency. (The
simple act of labeling his facility a “retreat” suggests a fundamentally different
approach to the mentally ill compared with the dominant approach at the time.)
Patients received good food, frequent exercise, and friendly interactions with staff.
William Tuke
____ flourished in the 1960s,
as Carl Rogers’s relationship- and growth-oriented approach to therapy offered an
alternative to both psychodynamic and behavioral approaches that many therapists and
clients found attractive
Humanistic (or “client-centered”)
____ does not necessarily aim to dethrone any of
the first three forces. Instead, it enhances and strengthens existing models by infusing
them with sensitivity and awareness of how they can be best applied to individuals of
various cultural backgrounds
Multiculturalism
He was to France—a liberator of the
mentally ill. He went to great lengths to
convince his contemporaries and those with power in France that the mentally ill were
not possessed by devils and that they deserved compassion and hope rather than
maltreatment and scorn. He created new institutions in which patients were not kept in
chains or beaten but, rather, were given healthy food and benevolent treatment.
Philippe Pinel
___ made sure that the chorus of voices for humane treatment of the mentally ill
was also heard on the other side of the Atlantic Ocean. The burden for treating the mentally ill typically fell on their families, who often hid
their mentally ill relatives out of shame and embarrassment. ___was able to raise funds to open The Retreat in Hartford, Connecticut,
in 1824. He and his staff emphasized patients’ strengths rather than
weaknesses, and they allowed patients to have significant input in their own treatment
decisions.
Eli Todd
____was working as a Sunday school teacher in a jail in Boston, where she
saw firsthand that many of the inmates were there as a result of mental illness or
retardation rather than crime. ___ devoted the rest of her life to improving the lives
and treatment of the mentally ill. Typically, she would travel to a city, collect data on
its treatment of the mentally ill, present her data to local community leaders, and
persuade them to treat the mentally ill more humanely and adequately.
Dorothea Dix
refers to a positive, comfortable relationship between interviewer and client
Rapport
The purpose of the ____ is essentially to determine whether to “intake”
the client to the setting where the interview is taking place. In other words, it determines whether the client needs treatment; if so, what form of treatment
is needed and whether the current
facility can provide that treatment or the client should be referred to a more suitable
facility.
intake interview
___ is employed most often in medical settings. Its primary
purpose is to quickly assess how the client is functioning at the time of the evaluation.
mental status exam
____ is a special type of clinical interview. They are designed not only to assess a problem demanding urgent
attention (most often, clients actively considering suicide or another act of harm
toward self or others) but also to provide immediate and effective intervention for that
problem.
crisis interview
the purpose of the ____ is to diagnose. At the
end of a well-conducted diagnostic interview, the interviewer is able to confidently and
accurately assign Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)
diagnoses to the client’s problems
diagnostic interview
This model
emphasized both practice and research.
To become a clinical
psychologist, graduate students would need to receive training and display competence
in the application of clinical methods (assessment, psychotherapy, etc.) and the
research methods necessary to study and evaluate the field scientifically
Balancing Practice and Science: The Scientist-
Practitioner (Boulder) Model
Training
