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Question 1

PERIOD OF DEVELOPMENT

– is the time from conception to birth. It involves tremendous growth from a single cell to an organism complete with brain and behavioural capabilities and takes an approximately a 9 month period.

Answer 1

Prenatal period

Question 2

PERIOD OF DEVELOPMENT

– from 18 to 24 months.

is a time of extreme dependence upon adults. Toddler , is often used to describe a child from about 1 1/2 to 3 years of age.

Answer 2

Infancy

Question 3

PERIOD OF DEVELOPMENT

from 3-5 years of age. This period is sometimes called the “preschool years”, young children learn to become more self-sufficient and to take care of themselves, develop school readiness skills (following instructions, identifying letters)

Answer 3

Early childhood,

Question 4

PERIOD OF DEVELOPMENT

6-10 or 11 years of age, corresponding to the elementary school years.Children master the fundamental skills of reading, writing, and arithmetic and they are formally exposed to the larger world and its culture.

Answer 4

Middle and Late Childhood

Question 5

PERIOD OF DEVELOPMENT

transition from childhood to early adulthood (10-12 years old) and ending at 18-21 years old.

begins with rapid physical changes-dramatic gains in height and weight, changes in body and contour, and the development of sexual characteristics such as enlargements of the breast, growth of pubic and facial hair, and deepening of the voice.

Answer 5

Adolescence

Question 6

PERIOD OF DEVELOPMENT

begins in early twenties and lasts through the thirties. It is a time of establishing personal and economic independence, advancing in a career, selecting a mate, learning to live with that person in an intimate way, starting a family, and rearing children.

Answer 6

Early Adulthood

Question 7

PERIOD OF DEVELOPMENT

40-60 years old. It is a time of expanding personal and social involvement and responsibility, of assisting next generation in becoming competent, mature individuals and of reaching and maintaining satisfaction in a career.

Answer 7

Middle Adulthood

Question 8

PERIOD OF DEVELOPMENT

60s and 70s to death. It is a time of life review, retirement, and adjustment to new social roles and diminishing strength and health. It has the longest span of any period of development, the number of people in this age group has been increasing dramatically.

Answer 8

Late Adulthood

Question 9

PSYCHOSEXUAL DEVELOPMENT

Infant’s pleasure centers on the mouth.

From birth -1/2 years old

Answer 9

Oral Stage

Question 10

PSYCHOSEXUAL DEVELOPMENT

Child’s please focuses on the anus

From 1 1/2-3 years old

Answer 10

Anal Stge

Question 11

PSYCHOSEXUAL DEVELOPMENT

Child’s pleasure focuses on the genitals

From 3-6 years old

Answer 11

Phallic Stage

Question 12

PSYCHOSEXUAL DEVELOPMENT

Child represses sexual interest and develops social and intellectual skills

From 6 years-puberty

Answer 12

Latency Stage

Question 13

PSYCHOSEXUAL DEVELOPMENT

A time of sexual reawakening; source of sexual pleasure becomes someone outside the family.

Puberty onward

Answer 13

Genital Stage

Question 14

Erikson’s Stages of Psychosocial Development

If needs are dependably met, infants develop a sense of basic trust.

Answer 14

Trust vs Mistrust

Question 15

toddles learn to exercise will and do things for themselves, or they doubt their abilities.

Answer 15

Autonomy vs Shame/doubt

Question 16

Preschoolers learn to initiate tasks and carry out plans or they feel guilty about efforts to be independent.

Answer 16

Initiative vs Guilt

Question 17

Children learn the pleasure of applying themselves to tasks, or they feel inferior

Answer 17

Industry vs inferiority

Question 18

Teenagers work at refining a sense of self by testing roles and then integrating them to form a single identity or they become confused about whoe they are.

Answer 18

Identity vs confusion

Question 19

Young adults struggle to form close relationships and to gain the capacity for intimate love, or they feel socially isolated.

Answer 19

Intimacy vs isolation

Question 20

The middle-aged discover a sense of contributing to the world, usually throught family and workd, or they may feel a lack of purpose.

Answer 20

Generativity vs Stagnaton

Question 21

When reflecting on his or her life, the oldder adult may feel a sense of satisfaction or failure.

Answer 21

Integrity vs Despair

Question 22

When reflecting on his or her life, the older adult may feel a sense of satisfaction or failure.

Answer 22

Integrity vs Despair

Question 23

COGNITIVE PROCESSES

actions or mental representations that organize knowledge.

Answer 23

Schemes -

Question 24

COGNITIVE PROCESSES

using existing schemes to deal with new information or experiences

Answer 24

Assimilation -

Question 25

COGNITIVE PROCESSES

Adjusting schemes to fit new information and experiences.

Answer 25

Accomodation -

Question 26

COGNITIVE PROCESSES

grouping isolated behaviors and thoughts into a higher order, more smoothly funationing cognitive system.

Answer 26

Organization

Question 27

COGNITIVE PROCESSES

explain how childern shft from one stage of thought to the next.

Answer 27

Equilibration -

Question 28

Threadlike structures that come in 23 pairs, with one member of each pair coming from each parent.

contain the genetic substance DNA.

Answer 28

Chromosomes-

Question 29

A complex molecule that contains genetic information.

Answer 29

DNA-

Question 30

Units of hereditary information composed of DNA.

help cells to reproduce themselves and help manufacture the proteins that maintain life.

Answer 30

Genes-

Question 31

Cellular reproduction in which the cell’s nucleus duplicates itself with two new cells being formed, each containing the same DNA as the parent cell, arranged in the same 23 pairs of chromosomes.

Answer 31

Mitosis-

Question 32

A specialized form of cell division that occurs to form eggs and sperm (also known as gametes).

Answer 32

Meiosis -

Question 33

• one of two or more alternative/variant forms of a gene

Answer 33

Alele

Question 34

the consequences of a behavior produce changes in the probability of the behavior’s occurrence. A behavior followed by a rewarding stimulus is more likely to recur, whereas a behavior followed by a punishing stimulus is less likely to recur.

Answer 34

B.F. Skinner’s Operant Conditioning

Question 35

the average number of years that a person born in a particular year can expect to live.

Answer 35

Life Expectancy

Question 36

views development as lifelong, multidimensional, multidirectional, plastic, multidisciplinary, and contextual, and as a process that involves growth, maintenance, and regulation of loss

Answer 36

The life-span perspective

Question 37

produce changes in an individual’s physical nature. Genes inherited from parents, brain development, height and weights gains, changes in motor skills, nutrition, exercise, the hormonal changes of puberty and etc.

Answer 37

Biological Process -

Question 38

refers to changes in the individual’s thought, intelligence and language.

Answer 38

Cognitive process

Question 39

involve changes in the individual’s relationship with other people, changes in emotions, and changes in personality.

Answer 39

Socioemotional Process

Question 40

describe development as primarily unconscious (beyond awareness) and heavily colored by emotion.

emphasize that behavior is merely a surface characteristic and that a true understanding of development requires analyzing the symbolic meanings of behavior and the deep inner workings of the mind.

Answer 40

Psychoanalytic theories

Question 41

is a form of intellectual disability caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21

An individual with_______ has a round face, a flattened skull, an extra fold of skin over the eyelids, a protruding tongue, short limbs, and impaired motor and mental abilities.

Answer 41

Down syndrome

Question 42

is a chromosomal disorder in which males have an extra X chromosome, making them XXY instead of XY

Males with this disorder have undeveloped testes, and they usually have enlarged breasts and become tall

Answer 42

Klinefelter syndrome

Question 43

is a genetic disorder that results from an abnormality in the X chromosome, which becomes constricted and often breaks

An intellectual difficulty frequently is an outcome, which may take the form of an intellectual disability, autism, a learning disability, or a short attention span

Answer 43

Fragile X syndrome (FXS)

Question 44

is a chromosomal disorder in females in which either an X chromosome is missing, making the person XO instead of XX, or part of one X chromosome is deleted. Females with _____ are short in stature and have a webbed neck

Answer 44

Turner syndrome

Question 45

is the sequence in which growth proceeds from top to bottom.

is the sequence in which the earliest growth always occurs at the top-to the head- with physical growth differentiation of features gradually working their way down top to bottom

Answer 45

cephalocaudal pattern

Question 46

. the sequence in which growth starts at the center of the body and moves toward the extremities. Example infants control the muscles of their trunk and arms before they control their hands and fingers, and they use their whole hands before they can control several fingers

Answer 46

proximodistal pattern,

Question 47

is the most important mechanism newborns have for communicating with their world.

Answer 47

Crying

Question 48

A rhythmic pattern usually consisting of a cry, a briefer silence, a shorter inspiratory whistle that is higher pitched than the main cry, and then a brief rest before the next cry.

Answer 48

Basic cry

Question 49

A variation of the basic cry, with more excess air forced through the vocal cords.

Answer 49

Anger cry

Question 50

A sudden appearance of a long, initial loud cry without preliminary moaning, followed by breath holding.

Answer 50

Pain cry

Question 51

is the inability to distinguish between one’s own perspective and someone else’s perspective.

Answer 51

Egocentrism-

Question 52

another limitation of preoperational thought, is the belief that inanimate objects have lifelike qualities and are capable of action.

Answer 52

Animism

Question 53

-The preschool child no longer has to make an effort simply to stay upright and to move around. As children move their legs with more confidence and carry themselves more purposefully, moving around in the environment becomes more automatic

Answer 53

Gross Motor Skills

Question 54

At 3 years of age, although children have had the ability to pick up the tiniest objects between their thumb and forefinger for some time, they are still somewhat clumsy at it.

can build surprisingly high block towers, placing each block with intense concentration but often not in a completely straight line.

By 4 years of age, children’s_______ coordination has improved substantially and become much more precise.

By age 5, children’s_______ motor coordination has improved further. Hand, arm, and body all move together under better command of the eye.

Answer 54

Fine Motor Skills-

Question 55

Changes in children’s perceptual development continue in childhood

When children are about 4 or 5 years old, their eye muscles usually are developed enough that they can move their eyes efficiently across a series of letters.

Answer 55

Perceptual Development-