EXPPSY2

Question 1

____ are a framework of values within which we conduct
research.
The researchers foremost concern in recruiting and using subjects is
treating them ethically and responsibly.
Responsible research is aimed at advancing our understanding of
feelings, thoughts, and behaviors in ways that will ultimately benefit
humanity.

Answer 1

Research ethics

Question 2

____ which are composed of
laypeople and researchers, evaluate research proposals to make
sure that they follow ethical standards.

They evaluate proposed studies before they are conducted.

Answer 2

Institutional review boards (IRBs),

Question 3

A subject ____ is one who is more likely to be harmed in some way
by participating in the research.

Answer 3

at risk

Question 4

determines that risks to
participants are outweighed by gains in knowledge.

Answer 4

risk/benefit analysis

Question 5

individuals have the right of self- determination (basis of informed consent).
It also provides extra protections for vulnerable populations
(educationally disadvantaged, prisoners, pregnant women) and
individuals with diminished capacity.

Answer 5

1. Respect for persons:

Question 6

: minimize harm and maximize potential benefits
(basis of risk/benefit analysis).
It refers to society as well as to individuals. At times, the potential for
risk to human subjects must be weighed against possible benefits the
research could provide for society.

Answer 6

2. Beneficence

Question 7

fairness in both the burdens and benefits of research.
Researchers select their samples of subjects with an eye toward
fairness, to ensure that some people are not being selected simply
because they are disadvantaged, readily available, or easily
manipulated.

Answer 7

3. Justice:

Question 8

is a risk that is no greater in probability and severity than
that ordinarily encountered in daily life or during the performance of
routine physical or psychological examinations or tests.

Answer 8

Minimal risk

Question 9

in research involves lying to subjects about the true nature
of a study because knowing the true nature of the study might affect
their performance.

may not be used to minimize the participants’ perception of
risk or exaggerate their perception of potential benefits.

Answer 9

Deception

Question 10

The experimenter should provide___
(full disclosure) after either their personal

involves explaining the true nature and purpose of the
experiment.

is an essential component of good experimental research.
We must offer our participants a full explanation of our study any time
that we use deception.

Answer 10

debriefing

Question 11

A ______ is an experimenter’s accomplice.
Use of a ___ is deceptive because subjects are led to
believe that the _____is another subject, experimenter, or
bystander

Answer 11

confederate

Question 12

____ means explaining the true nature and purpose of the
study to the subject at the end of their participation or at the
completion of the entire experiment.

Answer 12

Full disclosure

Question 13

In ____, an experimenter discloses the true nature and purpose
of the study to the subject and solicits subjects’ questions at the end
of the experiment.

Answer 13

debriefing

Question 14

____ means that subjects are not identified by name.
Researchers achieve ____ by collecting data without names and
assigning code numbers.

____ means that data are securely stored and only used
for the purpose explained to the subject.
They achieve____ by storing data in a locked safe and only
using the data for the purposes explained to the participants.

Answer 14

Anonymity

Confidentiality

Question 15

_____ is the humane care and treatment of animals.

Institutions that conduct animal research must establish an ______
to evaluate animal research before it is
conducted.

Answer 15

Animal welfare

Institutional Animal Care and
Use Committee (IACUC)

Question 16

____ is the position that sensate species (those that can
feel pain and suffer) have equal value and rights to humans.

Answer 16

Animal rights

Question 17

____ involves researchers publishing false data.
Data falsification is a breach of the ethical principle stated in APA
standards.
A researcher’s graduation, tenure, promotion, funding, or reputation
may motivate researchers to commit fraud.

Answer 17

Scientific fraud

Question 18

What are the main lines of defense against fraud?

The ____ filters submitted manuscripts so that only 15-
20% of articles are printed, and it is an important part of the reporting
process.

is the first line of defense against fraud.

The reviewer’s task is to assess the merit of a submission;
Reviewers go over each submission with a fine-tooth comb, looking for
problems and suggesting improvements.
If there is something strange about the findings, expert reviewers are
likely to discover it. Make recommendations, etc.

Answer 18

peer review process

Question 19

What are the main lines of defense against fraud?

where researchers attempt to reproduce the findings of
others, is the second line of defense.

Researchers often attempt to replicate the published findings of
others, particularly if those findings are surprising, novel or
important.

Answer 19

Replication,

Question 20

What are the main lines of defense against fraud?

____ by colleagues for scarce resources, while a cause of
fraud, is the third line of defense.
The ____nature of academic psychology works against fraud.
Tenure and promotion within academic departments of psychology
are partly based on research productivity.

Answer 20

Competition

Question 21

____is misrepresenting someone’s “ideas, words, or written
work” as your own.

is a form of fraud, in which an individual claims false
credit for another’s ideas, words, or written work.

Answer 21

Plagiarism