CGSY3 Flashcards
a physical feeling or perception resulting from something that happens to or comes into contact with the body.
Sensation:
way that sensory information is interpreted and consciously experienced.
Perception:
are specialized neurons that respond to specific types of stimuli.
Sensory receptors
The conversion from sensory stimulus energy to action potential is known as_____
transduction
The sensitivity of a given sensory system to the relevant stimuli can be expressed as an ___
if I were to give you a pile of five marshmallows and then give you one more, you’d probably notice the difference.
absolute threshold
it is also possible for us to get messages that are presented below the threshold for conscious awareness—these are called ____, for example drawings or photos that contain hidden or subtle images, such as words spelled out in clouds in the background.
Subliminal messages
is how much difference in stimuli is required to detect a difference between them. This is known as the _____
ex: the absolute threshold for detecting light is greater than you probably imagined—the human eye can see a candle on a clear night up to 30 miles away!
just noticeable difference or difference threshold
____refers to the fact that perceptions are built from sensory input, for example if you see an image of an individual letter on your screen, your eyes transmit the information to your brain, and your brain puts all of this information together
Bottom-up processing
it is how we interpret those sensations is influenced by our available knowledge, our experiences, and our thoughts, this is called_____, for example understanding difficult handwriting is easier when reading complete sentences than when reading single and isolated words. This is because the meaning of the surrounding words provide a context to aid understanding.
top-down processing
James Gibson (1966, 1979)
The ___object is the object in the external world (e.g., a falling tree).
The event of the tree falling creates a pattern on an ______
The ____ could be sound waves, as in the sound of the falling tree. The in______ might also be reflected light, chemical molecules, or tactile information coming from the environment.
For example, when the information from light waves comes into contact with the appropriate sensory receptors of the eyes, proximal (near) stimulation occurs (i.e., the cells in your retina absorb the light waves).
Perception occurs when a____ (i.e., what you see) is created in you that reflects the properties of the external world. That is, an image of a falling tree is created on your retina that reflects the falling tree that is in front of you.
distal (far)
informational medium
perceptual object
Failure to notice is _____
Example:Even though you think you are paying attention to the road, you fail to notice a car swerve into your lane of traffic, resulting in a traffic accident.
inattentional blindness,
The ability to identify a stimulus when it is embedded in a distracting background is called_____ For example if we have an old car, we may hear clunks even when the car is operating effectively, or even tinnitus in our ear, or something rustling in the trunk. The signal is what you are trying to detect.
signal detection theory.
-Responsible for the reception of information from the external world . Is composed of highly specialized cells called sensory receptors in the skin, tongue, ears , eyes and other parts of the body.
Sensory System
: height of a wave. How much a radio wave moves back and forth
is the height of a wave as measured from the highest point
amplitude
length of a wave from one peak to the next peak
wavelength:
are forms of moving energy made of tiny microscopic particles called photons.
Light waves
is probably the most important of all electromagnetic waves for most of us.
Visible light
is the portion of the larger electromagnetic spectrum that we can see, for example incandescent light bulbs, fluorescent, and neon lights
visible spectrum