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Question 1

Emotion has two major components:
1)_____ such as a rapid heartbeat, and
2) ____: a conscious, subjective experience or feeling, such as feeling scared

Answer 1

Physical sensation

Physiological

Question 2

Movement of the human face is controlled by two cranial nerves, ______and the _____

Answer 2

the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII)

trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V).

Question 3

controls the superficial muscles attached to the skin, which are primarily responsible for facial expressions.

Answer 3

The facial nerve (CN-VII)

Question 4

controls the deeper facial muscles attached to the bones of the head that are responsible for chewing food and speaking.

Answer 4

The trigeminal nerve (CN-V)

Question 5

People with damage to the ______, are unable to smile on command on the side of the mouth contralateral to their damage.

Answer 5

primary motor cortex

Question 6

People with damage to the primary motor cortex, are unable to smile on command on the side of the mouth contralateral to their damage. But when they hear a good joke, they can show some spontaneous smiling on the otherwise paralyzed side of the face. This condition is known as ______

Answer 6

volitional (voluntary) facial paralysis

Question 7

people with Parkinson’s disease, which involves subcortical motor structures including the substantia nigra and basal ganglia lose the ability to smile spontaneously while retaining the ability to smile on command only. This condition is referred to as______because the ability to express spontaneous emotions is impaired, thus it looks like their emotion is flat affect!

Answer 7

emotional facial paresis

Question 8

The ______,____, and ____ all interact to assist the body in experiencing and processing emotions.

Answer 8

limbic system, autonomic nervous system, and reticular activating system

Question 9

The___is the area of the brain most heavily implicated in emotion and memory. Its structures include the hypothalamus, thalamus, amygdala, and hippocampus.

Answer 9

limbic system

Question 10

plays a role in the activation of the sympathetic nervous system,

Answer 10

hypothalamus

Question 11

serves as a sensory relay center; its neurons project signals to both the amygdala and the higher cortical regions for further processing.

Answer 11

thalamus

Question 12

plays a role in processing emotional information and sending that information to cortical structures

has received a great deal of attention from researchers investigating the biological basis of emotions, particularly of fear and anxiety & aggression among children or adolescents

Answer 12

amygdala

Question 13

integrates emotional experience with cognition
As with the amygdala, research has demonstrated that_____ and function are linked to a variety of mood and anxiety disorders.

Answer 13

hippocampus

Question 14

Individuals suffering from ______show marked reductions in volume in several parts of the _____, which may be the result of decreased levels of neurogenesis and dendritic branching

Answer 14

post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

hippocampus

Question 15

The______is part of the peripheral nervous system in humans. It is regulated by the hypothalamus and controls our internal organs and glands, including such processes as pulse, blood pressure, breathing, and arousal in response to emotional circumstances.

Answer 15

autonomic nervous system(ANS)

Question 16

According to this theory, our interpretation of a situation causes an emotional response that is based on that interpretation.

why different people have different perceptions of and emotional reactions to the same situations.

emotions are extracted from our “appraisals” (i.e., our evaluations, interpretations, and explanations) of events. These appraisals lead to different specific reactions in different people.

Answer 16

Appraisal theory of emotion (R. Lazarus)

Question 17

Richard Lazarus built on appraisal theory to develop ________ This theory still asserts that our emotions are determined by our appraisal of the stimulus, but it suggests that immediate, unconscious appraisalsmediatebetween the stimulus and the emotional response.

Answer 17

cognitive -mediational theory.

Question 18

Lazarus also distinguished between_____,which seeks to establish the significance or meaning of an event,
_____which assesses the ability of the individual to cope with the consequences of the event.

Answer 18

primary appraisal

secondary appraisal,

Question 19

emotions arise from physiological arousal.

asserts that emotions arise as a result of physiological arousal —i.e., that the self-perception of changes in the body produces an emotional experience.

we experience emotions (such as fear, sadness, and happiness) onlyafterphysiological arousal (such as the fight-or-flight response) has occurred.

One limitation of this theory is that it is not known exactly what causes the changes in the body, so it is unclear whether those changes should be considered part of the emotion itself

Answer 19

James–Lange theory of emotion

Question 20

According to Paul Gilbert, PhD, we have three types of emotion regulation systems – we’ve got the _____

Answer 20

Threat System, the Drive System, and the Soothing System.

Question 21

three types of emotion regulation systems

many clients spend the majority of their time caught in the _________ – and this can lead to distress.

Answer 21

threat and drive systems

Question 22

We use our whole body to express emotion, but humans pay the most attention to the face, particularly to the ___

Answer 22

eyes

Question 23

The facial nuclei receive input from the primary motor cortex located in the ____of the frontal lobe as well as from several subcortical motor areas

Answer 23

precentral gyrus

Question 24

has received a great deal of attention from researchers investigating the biological basis of emotions, particularly of fear and anxiety

plays a decisive role in the emotional evaluation and recognition of situations as well as in the analysis of potential threats.

Answer 24

amygdala

Question 25

Two parts of the amygdala

has dense connections with a variety of sensory areas of the brain. It plays a critical role in classical conditioning and in attaching emotional value to learning processes and memories.

Answer 25

(The basolateral complex)

Question 26

Two parts of the amygdala
plays a role in attention. It has connections with the hypothalamus and various areas of the brainstem and regulates the activity of the autonomic nervous and endocrine systems

Answer 26

(The central nucleus)

Question 27

Research suggests that the ____ is involved in mood and anxiety disorders. Changes in_____ structure and function have been found in adolescents who either are at risk for or have been diagnosed with a mood or anxiety disorder

Answer 27

amygdala

Question 28

Equilibrium of the body, in which biological conditions (such as body temperature) are maintained at optimal levels, is known as ____

Answer 28

homeostasis.

Question 29

is a network of neurons that runs through the core of the hindbrain and into the midbrain and forebrain.

involved with arousal and attention, sleep and wakefulness, and the control of reflexes.

is believed to first arouse the cortex and then maintain its wakefulness so that sensory information and emotion can be interpreted more effectively.

helps us fulfill goals by directing our concentration toward them and plays a role in individuals’ responses to situations and events.

Answer 29

reticular activating system (RAS)

Question 30

was an American psychologist who coined the term appraisal to refer to the cognitive processes preceding the elicitation of emotion.

created the “cognitive theory” in the 1960s, which specified that the first step in experiencing an emotion is an appraisal of the situation.

Answer 30

Magda Arnold

Question 31

was an American psychologist who coined the term appraisal to refer to the cognitive processes preceding the elicitation of emotion.

created the “cognitive theory” in the 1960s, which specified that the first step in experiencing an emotion is an appraisal of the situation.

Answer 31

Magda Arnold

Question 32

According to the ____ (theory) emotions are the result of the interaction between two factors: physiological arousal and cognition.

Answer 32

Schachter–Singer theory of emotion (also known as two-factor theory),

Question 33

–located in the X chromosome- is also known as the warrior gene, since abnormal versions of the gene often result in aggressive behaviors.

Answer 33

MAOA gene