THOP2

Question 1

• He helped Josef Breuer in
  treating Anna O of her hysteria
  through psychoanalysis

Answer 1

Sigmund Freud

Question 2

• • contains all those drives, urges, or
    instincts that are beyond our
    awareness but that nevertheless motivate most of
    our words, feelings, and actions.

Answer 2

Unconscious

Question 3

Freud believed that a portion of our unconscious
originates from the experiences of our early
ancestors that have been passed on to us through
hundreds of generations of repetition. He called
these inherited unconscious images our
____

Answer 3

phylogenetic endowment

Question 4

LEVELS OF MENTAL LIFE
PRECONSCIOUS
-The_____ of the mind contains
all those elements that are not conscious but
can become conscious either quite readily or
with some difficulty

Answer 4

preconscious level

Question 5

LEVELS OF MENTAL LIFE

-those mental elements in awareness at any
given point in time. It is the only level of mental life directly
available to us.

Answer 5

CONSCIOUS

Question 6

PROVINCES OF THE MIND

has no contact with reality, yet it strives constatnly to reduce tension by satisfying basic desires. Because its sole function is to see pleasure, we say that the — serves the pleasure principle.

• is primitive, chaotic, inaccessible to consciousness, unchangeable, amoral, illogical, unorganized, and filled with energy received from basic drives and discharged for the satisfaction of the pleasure principle.
• core of personality

Answer 6

ID -

Question 7

PROVINCES OF THE MIND

• is the only region of the mind in contact with reality.
• it is governed by the reality principle which it tries to substitute for the pleasure principle of the id. As the sole region of the mind in contact with the external world, the ego beomes the decision-making or executive branch of personality.

Answer 7

EGO (I)

Question 8

PROVINCES OF THE MIND

• represents the moral and ideal aspects of personality, and is guided by the moralistic and idealistic principles as opposed to the pleasure principle of the id and the realistic principle of the ego.

Answer 8

SUPEREGO

Question 9

2 subsystems of SUPEREGO

1) what we should not do

Answer 9

Conscience -

Question 10

2 subsystems of SUPEREGO

2) what we should do

Answer 10

Ego-ideal -

Question 11

operate as a constant motivational force. As an internal stimulus, these differ from external
stimuli in that they cannot be avoided through flight.

Answer 11

Drives -

Question 12

The aim of ____ is pleasure, but this pleasure is not limited to genital satisfaction.
Freud believed that the entire body is invested with libido.

Answer 12

Sex - sexual drive

Question 13

The aim of the ____, according to Freud, is to return the organism
to an inorganic state.

Answer 13

Aggression - destructive drive

Question 14

Freud called all the psychic energy that drove the life and death instincts the ___

Answer 14

“libido.”

Question 15

Freud emphasized that it is a felt, affective, unpleasant state accompanied by a
physical sensation that warns the person against impending danger. The unpleasantness is often vague
and hard to pinpoint, but the its always felt.

Answer 15

Anxiety -

Question 16

3 TYPES OF ANXIETY

is defined as apprehension about an unknown danger

Answer 16

Neurotic Anxiety -

Question 17

3 TYPES OF ANXIETY

stems from the conflict between the ego and the superego. After children establish a
superego—usually by the age of 5 or 6—they may experience anxiety as an outgrowth of the conflict
between realistic needs and the dictates of their superego.

Answer 17

Moral Anxiety

Question 18

3 TYPES OF ANXIETY

is closely related to fear. It is defined as an unpleasant, nonspecific feeling involving
a possible danger.

Answer 18

Realistic Anxiety

Question 19

____, serve a useful function by protecting the ego against the pain of anxiety.
Although ____are normal and universally used, when carried to an extreme they
lead to compulsive, repetitive, and neurotic behavior.

Answer 19

Defensive behaviors/mechanisms

Question 20

DEFENSE MECHANISMS

Whenever the ego is threatened by
undesirable id impulses, it protects
itself by repressing those impulses; that
is, it forces threatening feelings into
the unconscious

ex: An adult suffers a nasty spider bite as a child and develops an intense phobia of spiders later in life without any recollection of the experience as a child. Because the memory of the spider bite is repressed, he or she may not understand where the phobia originates.

Answer 20

Repression

Question 21

DEFENSE MECHANISMS

One of the ways in which a repressed
impulse may become conscious is
through adopting a disguise that is
directly opposite its original form.

ex: a young boy who bullies a young girl because, on a subconscious level, he’s attracted to her.

Answer 21

Reaction formation

Question 22

DEFENSE MECHANISMS

people can redirect their unacceptable
urges onto a variety of people or objects
so that the original impulse is disguised
or concealed.

ex: A man who has had a bad day at the office, comes home and yells at his wife and children, is displacing his anger from the workplace onto his family.

Answer 22

Displacement

Question 23

DEFENSE MECHANISMS

When the prospect of taking
the next step becomes too anxiety
provoking, the ego may resort to the
strategy of remaining at the present,
more comfortable psychological stage.

ex: A grown-up throwing a tantrum under stress is a good example of fixation.

Answer 23

Fixation

Question 24

DEFENSE MECHANISMS

Once the libido has passed a
developmental stage, it may, during
times of stress and anxiety, revert back
to that earlier stage.

ex: A young wife, for example, might retreat to the security of her parents’ home after her first quarrel with her husband.

Answer 24

Regression

Question 25

DEFENSE MECHANISMS

whereby people incorporate positive
qualities of another person into their
own ego.

ex: a dad telling his son “boys don’t cry”- this is an idea that a person might take in from their environment and internalize into their way of thinking.

Answer 25

Introjection

Question 26

DEFENSE MECHANISMS

• is the repression of the
  genital aim of Eros by substituting a
  cultural or social aim.

redirecting negative feelings or impulses into positive ones.

ex: someone with anger issues may channel their aggressive urges into sports instead of lashing out at others physically or verbally

Answer 26

Sublimation

Question 27

DEFENSE MECHANISMS

When an internal impulse provokes too
much anxiety, the ego may reduce that
anxiety by attributing the unwanted
impulse to an external object, usually
another person.
as seeing in others unacceptable feelings
or tendencies that actually reside in
one’s own unconscious

ex: a woman who has been unfaithful to her husband but who accuses her husband of cheating on her.

Answer 27

Projection

Question 28

STAGES OF DEVELOPEMENT

• birth to five years old
• infants possess a sexual life and go
  through a period of pregenital sexual development

Answer 28

Infantile Period

Question 29

STAGES OF DEVELOPEMENT

from the 4th to 5th year until puberty, both boys and girls usually, but
not always, go through a period of dormant psychosexual development

Answer 29

Latency Period -

Question 30

STAGES OF DEVELOPEMENT

• puberty signals a reawakening of the sexual aim and the beginning of
  the genital period.

Answer 30

Genital period

Question 31

Freud’s 5 Stages of Psychosexual Development

Infants obtain life-sustaining
nourishment through the oral cavity, but beyond that, they also gain pleasure
through the act of sucking.

Problems with early feeding through neglect and abuse can lead to adults who seek
to complete their missing oral gratification by being dependent on others, smoking
or drinking too much, by overeating, overtalking, and so on.

On the other hand, children who have been overindulged may become needy,
demanding, and upset as they constantly expect their needs to be coddled-

Answer 31

ORAL PHASE

Question 32

2 PHASES OF ORAL STAGE

• infants feel no ambivalence toward the pleasurable object
  and their needs are usually satisfied with a minimum of frustration and anxiety.

Answer 32

Oral Receptive Phase

Question 33

2 PHASES OF ORAL STAGE

• infants respond to others through biting, cooing, closing their
  mouth, smiling, and crying.

Answer 33

Oral Sadistic Phase

Question 34

Freud’s 5 Stages of Psychosexual Development

is characterized by satisfaction gained through aggressive behavior
and through the excretory function

Answer 34

ANAL PHASE/sadistic-anal phase

Question 35

2 SUB PHASES OF ANAL PHASE
children receive satisfaction by destroying or losing objects. At this
time, the destructive nature of the sadistic drive is stronger than the erotic one, and
children often behave aggressively toward their parents for frustrating them with toilet
training.

Answer 35

Early Anal Period -

Question 36

2 SUB PHASES OF ANAL PHASE

they sometimes take a friendly interest toward their feces, an
interest that stems from the erotic pleasure of defecating. frequently, children will
present their feces to the parents as a valued prize.

Answer 36

Late Anal Period

Question 37

If children will be forced to withold their feces,until the pressure becomes
both painful and erotically stimulating. they may develop ____(orderliness,
stinginess and obstinacy)

Answer 37

anal character

Question 38

Freud’s 5 Stages of Psychosexual Development

a time when the genital area becomes the leading erogenous zone.

the boy who is overly attended to by his mother and whose
father is relatively uninvolved may exhibit traditional feminine characteristics
or may become “inacho” as he attempts to compensate for his lack of
identification with his father.

“daddy’s little girl,” whose mother is seen as subservient. This girl
may become particularly self-centered and narcissistic as she expects to be
treated particularly well by all men in her life.

Answer 38

PHALLIC PHASE

Question 39

This dictum underlies Freud’s belief that physical differences
between males and females account for many important psychological differences.

Answer 39

Anatomy is destiny -

Question 40

Sexual desire for mother and hostility against the father

Answer 40

, OEDIPUS COMPLEX

Question 41

, which for boys takes the form of castration
anxiety or the fear of losing the penis.

The boy no longer wants to be his father; instead, he uses his father as a model for
determining right and wrong behavior. He introjects or incorporates his father’s
authority into his own ego, thereby sowing the seeds of a mature superego.

Answer 41

castration complex

Question 42

a desire to have a penis and this is a powerful force in the formation of
girl’s personality.

• a wish to be a boy
  or a desire to have a man.

Answer 42

Penis envy -

Question 43

Freud’s 5 Stages of Psychosexual Development

Freud believed that, from the 4th or 5th year until puberty, both boys and girls
usually, but not always, go through a period of dormant psychosexual development.

This is brought about partly by parents’ attempts to punish or
discourage sexual activity in their young children.

Answer 43

LATENCY PERIOD

Question 44

Freud’s 5 Stages of Psychosexual Development

Puberty signals a reawakening of the sexual aim

First, adolescents give up autoeroticism and direct their sexual energy toward
another person instead of toward themselves.

Second, reproduction is now possible.

Third, although penis envy may continue to linger in girls, the vagina finally
obtains the same status for them that the penis had for them during infancy.

Fourth, the genitals is now the erogenous zone

Answer 44

GENITAL PERIOD

Question 45

a stage
attained after a person has passed through the earlier developmental periods in an ideal
manner.

1) Can balance the demands of the id and supergo: Id is expressed honestly and consciously
with no traces of shame or guilt and ego-ideal is congruent with their ego.
2) Minimal need for repression of sexual and aggressive urges - psychologically healthy
individual would emerge in the form of sublimation rather than neurotic symptoms
3) The libido, which was formerly directed towards the parents now released to search for
both tender and sensual love.

Answer 45

MATURITY

Question 46

is the shedding of cognitive restraints such that the client feel. “free”
to “associate” to any thought available without editing or suppression of what the client
might. otherwise consider irrelevant, unimportant, or too. distressing to talk about
publicly.

Answer 46

Free association

Question 47

The interpretation of dreams is the royal road to a knowledge of the
unconscious activities of the mind.

Answer 47

Dream Analysis -