Viral Meningitis Flashcards
Meningitis is the _______ of the _______
Viral meningitis is an important cause of admission to the hospital
Meningitis is the inflammation of the meninges
Meningitis is a medical emergency
T/F
T
__________ are the most common cause of meningitis
Viruses
Viral meningitis is an important cause of admission to the hospital
T/F
T
Aseptic meningitis – presence of ___________ and _________ for meningitis with ___________ or ___________
clinical signs and laboratory evidence
negative Gram stain or bacterial cultures
Causes of viral meningitis
Enteroviruses
_____viruses, _______ viruses
Herpes simplex virus (_____ and _____)
Mumps virus
HIV
West Nile virus
CMV
VZV Dengue virus
Echo; coxsackie
HSV – 1 and HSV – 2
—————- are the commonest viral cause of aseptic meningitis
Enteroviruses
Epidemiology (enteroviral meningitis)
Enteroviral meningitis is more common in (children or adult?)
Mostly ________ but with significant morbidity and mortality in _______
Children
self limiting; neonates
Epidemiology (enteroviral meningitis)
Highest incidence in _______/_______ in temperate climates
Can occur as _____ meningitis
summer/autumn
epidemic
Pathogenesis of enteroviral meningitis
Enteroviruses are transmitted by _______ route
Viruses enter the CNS through several mechanisms
– Cross the ________________ directly
– Carried across BBB by _________ (________,______)
– Invasion through _______ nerves (____ virus)
faeco-oral
blood – brain barrier (BBB)
infected leucocytes; mumps, herpesviruses
peripheral; Polio
Pathogenesis of Enteroviruses
-Once within the CNS, viruses may spread
•through the _________ in ____, with consequent inflammatory response leading to meningitis.
•Viruses may also spread ______
•through inflammatory ———- through neural tissue to _______ and ______ cells.
-Inflammation with accumulation of lymphocytes targeting the infecting virus and release of cytokines IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α
subarachnoid space; CSF
directly; leukocytes
neurones and glial
Clinical features of Enteroviruses
Symptoms
• Headache
• Fever
•_______
•Nausea and vomiting
•Photophobia
•______ is not common
•_______(Enterovirus)
Neck stiffness
Convulsion
Convulsion
Clinical features of Enteroviruses
Signs
• _______ sign
• __________ sign
Kernigs sign
Brudsinski sign
Laboratory diagnosis of viral meningitis
Specimen – ______________________
CSF is collected by ———- between the ___/___. it is ________ procedure.
Collect in ____ tubes for microbiology and chemistry. Send immediately to the laboratory.
CSF, blood, stool, throat swab
lumbar puncture ; L3/L4; an aseptic
2
Laboratory diagnosis of viral meningitis
CSF ________
PCR – highly sensitive and specific
•(Short or long?) turnaround time
•Detects viral RNA or DNA
Virus culture – ___virus
Serology – ______,______
cell count
Short
Enterovirus
Mumps virus, HIV
