T. vaginalis and sexually transmitted arthropods infections Flashcards
T. vaginalis infect only women.
T/F
F
T. vaginalis despite it name, infect both men and women.
Trichomonas vaginalis
Etiological agent of trichomoniasis
In females, it inhabits the _______ and ______
In males it is found in the _______,________ or, _____________.
vagina and urethra
urethra, prostate
seminal vesicles
Trichomonas vaginalis
Etiological agent of trichomoniasis
Other 2 species of trichomonads (___________ ———- and ________ ———- ) found in human are normally harm______
Pentatrichomonas hominis
T. tenax
harmless.
Epidemiology of T.vaginalis
________ transmitted disease of worldwide importance
________% in Women , ________% in Men
T. vaginalis infections are commonly associated with other STDs and is a marker of _____-risk sexual behavior
Sexually
20-40%
15%
high-risk
Life cycle of T.vaginalis
______________
– the only stage present in the lifecycle
– Characteristic ______ motility
– Multiplies by __________________
______ stage is absent
Incubation period- about ———— days
Trophozite; jerky
longitudinal binary fission
Cyst
4-28
Morphology of the Trichomonas trophozoite
______ shaped
______ in length
______ flagella extend anteriorly
______ flagella extends posteriorly along the cell membrane to form _______________
Pear
7 – 23
4
1 ; an undulating membrane
Morphology of the Trichomonas trophozoite
Costa
________ runs down the middle of the body & ends in a ________ like extremity
_______ nucleus in the (anterior or posterior?) portion
Costa
Axostyle ; pointed tail
Round ; anterior
Trichomonas vaginalis
It lives in the __________ and __________ system of people.
It is a/an (obligate or facultative?) parasite)
reproductive ; urinary
obligate parasite
Trichomonas vaginalis
Obligate parasite – cannot _____ without close association with ________ , ________ or ________ tissues
Infects ________ epithelium but not ________ epithelium
live ; vaginal
urethral ; prostatic
squamous
columnar
Pathogenesis of Trichomoniasis
Normal flora (bacteria ) keep the pH of the vagina at 4-4.5 and ordinarily this discourages infections
T. vaginalis can survive at a low pH and once established it causes a shift toward alkalinity (pH 5-6) which further encourages its growth.
creates micro-ulcerations/ erosion
Zinc and other inhibitory substances probably inhibit their growth in men
Normal flora (bacteria ) keep the pH of the vagina at 4-4.5 and ordinarily this discourages infections
T. vaginalis can survive at a low pH and once established it causes a shift toward alkalinity (pH 5-6) which further encourages its growth.
creates micro-ulcerations/ erosion
Zinc and other inhibitory substances probably inhibit their growth in men
Pathogenesis Of T.vaginalis
Normal flora (bacteria ) keep the pH of the vagina at ____ and ordinarily this discourages infections
T. vaginalis can survive at a ______ pH and once established it causes a shift toward (acidity or alkalinity?) (pH ____) which further encourages its growth.
creates micro-______/ ______
______ and other inhibitory substances probably inhibit their growth in men
4-4.5
low
alkalinity ; 5-6
micro-ulcerations/ erosion
Zinc
Clinical features of T.vaginalis
T. vaginalis causes different manifestation in men and women.
Women are more likely to exhibit symptoms which tend to persist (shorter or longer?)
In female ranges from _________ , to mild or moderate ________, to _____________
___-_____%: asymptomatic
The commonest symptoms: vaginal ________, vulval _______, ________, or offensive ______ , rare _________________________
longer
asymptomatic ; irritation
extreme vaginitis
10 - 50%
vaginal discharge ; vulval itching
dysuria ; offensive odor
abdominal discomfort
Clinical features of T.vaginalis
Vaginal discharge: up to _____% - varying in consistency from ____ and _____ to _______ and _______ ; the classical discharge of ______________ occurs in ______% of women
70% ; thin ; scanty
profuse ; thick
frothy yellow
10-30
Clinical features of T.vaginalis
Extreme cases associated with _______ and _______
2%: ___________ cervix appearance to the naked eye.
Higher rates are seen on _________ examination.
5-15%: _______________ on examination.
In male 50-90 % are (asymptomatic or symptomatic?)
mild dysuria or pruritus
minor urethral discharge
vulvitis and vaginitis
strawberry cervix
colposcopic examination.
no abnormalities
asymptomatic
Clinical features of T.vaginalis in Men
Usually asymtomatic
Nongonococcal urethritis
Purulent to mucoid discharge
Pain in urethra
Testicular pain Epididymitis
Prostatis
Superficial penile ulcerations
Clinical features of T.vaginalis in Men
Usually asymtomatic
Nongonococcal urethritis
Purulent to mucoid discharge
Pain in urethra
Testicular pain Epididymitis
Prostatis
Superficial penile ulcerations
