URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS Flashcards
Presence of micro-organisms in the urinary tract: >_____/ml = SIGNIFICANT BACTERIURIA
10^5
Clinical pathologic categories
____________ bacteriuria
________ and _________ syndrome
________ ———- _________
Asymptomatic
Frequency and dysuria
Acute bacterial pyelonephritis
Clinical pathologic categories
Frequency and dysuria syndrome
–_______ cystitis
–___________ cystitis
Bacterial
Abacterial
Clinical pathologic categories
Abacterial cystitis = ___________ syndrome
acute urethral
Pathogenesis of UTI
__________ infection
_________ infection
Ascending
Haematogenous
Predisposing factors to UTI
•Sex
–___________ in the female
•______/___________ abnormalities of the UT
•Instrumentation /________
•Age
Other host factors
– ____,_________
Short urethra
Structural /neurological
surgery
DM, immunosuppression
Effects of UTI: Symptoms
Gram _______ ————-
_______ damage
Prolonged hospital stay
negative; septicaemia
Renal
Causative organisms of UTI: Bacteria & fungi
Bacteria
_______
Staphylococci – ________,________,________
_______,_________
Pseudomonas
_________,__________
E. coli
saprophyticus, epidermidis, aureus
Proteus, Klebsiella
Serratia, Enterococci
Causative organisms of UTI: Bacteria & fungi
Fungi
–__________
Candida albicans
Causative organisms of UTI: Bacteria & fungi
Other bacteria:
________,_________, and __________
M. tuberculosis, anaerobes, N.gonorrhoeae
UTI investigations
Transport : Within _____ to avoid ______ of contaminants
– Microscopy
Wbc count (________)
2 hrs; multiplication
pyuria
UTI investigations
•Culture
-Significant _______
-Culture media - _______,________,__________
- __________tests
bacteriuria
blood agar, macConkey, CLED
Biochemical
UTI investigations
Antibiotic sensitivity tests
Ampicillin, amoxycillin, co-trimoxazole, gentamicin
Wo, lol
MAC Agar Formula
Bile salt (1.5g/l) & Crystal violet
Purpose: Recover the __________ & related __________ Gram-________ enteric bacilli.
Enterobacteriaceae; Lactose-fermenting
negative
MAC Agar Formula
Inhibitor:_______ and _______.
Inhibit the growth of Gram-_____ bacteria and some ______________________ bacteria
Bile salt & Crystal Violet
positive
fastidious Gram- negative
MAC Agar Formula
Carbohydrate Source:_______
_____________ , pH indicator
Lactose
Neutral Red
Eosin-Methylene-Blue agar (EMB)
Eosin and Methylene-blue
Purpose: Isolation & detection of the _______ or ______-related _______ bacilli from specimens with mixed bacteria.
Enterobacteriaceae
Lactose
coliform
Eosin-Methylene-Blue agar (EMB)
Inhibitor: __________.
Inhibits the growth of Gram-_________ bacteria and some ___________ organisms
Eosin & methylene blue
positive
fastidious G-negative
Eosin-Methylene-Blue agar (EMB)
Eosin and Methylene-blue
Carbohydrate Source: ____________
Lactose
Eosin-Methylene-Blue agar (EMB)
Eosin and Methylene-blue
pH Indicator: Eosin & methylene blue combine to form a _____________ at _____ pH.
precipitate
acidic
