URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS

Question 1

Presence of micro-organisms in the urinary tract: >_____/ml = SIGNIFICANT BACTERIURIA

Answer 1

10^5

Question 2

Clinical pathologic categories

____________ bacteriuria
________ and _________ syndrome
________ ———- _________

Answer 2

Asymptomatic

Frequency and dysuria

Acute bacterial pyelonephritis

Question 3

Clinical pathologic categories

Frequency and dysuria syndrome
–_______ cystitis
–___________ cystitis

Answer 3

Bacterial

Abacterial

Question 4

Clinical pathologic categories

Abacterial cystitis = ___________ syndrome

Answer 4

acute urethral

Question 5

Pathogenesis of UTI

__________ infection
_________ infection

Answer 5

Ascending

Haematogenous

Question 6

Predisposing factors to UTI

•Sex
–___________ in the female

•______/___________ abnormalities of the UT

•Instrumentation /________

•Age

Other host factors
– ____,_________

Answer 6

Short urethra

Structural /neurological

surgery

DM, immunosuppression

Question 7

Effects of UTI: Symptoms

Gram _______ ————-

_______ damage

Prolonged hospital stay

Answer 7

negative; septicaemia

Renal

Question 8

Causative organisms of UTI: Bacteria & fungi

Bacteria
_______
Staphylococci – ________,________,________
_______,_________
Pseudomonas
_________,__________

Answer 8

E. coli

saprophyticus, epidermidis, aureus

Proteus, Klebsiella

Serratia, Enterococci

Question 9

Causative organisms of UTI: Bacteria & fungi

Fungi
–__________

Answer 9

Candida albicans

Question 10

Causative organisms of UTI: Bacteria & fungi

Other bacteria:

________,_________, and __________

Answer 10

M. tuberculosis, anaerobes, N.gonorrhoeae

Question 11

UTI investigations

Transport : Within _____ to avoid ______ of contaminants

– Microscopy
Wbc count (________)

Answer 11

2 hrs; multiplication

pyuria

Question 12

UTI investigations

•Culture
-Significant _______
-Culture media - _______,________,__________
- __________tests

Answer 12

bacteriuria

blood agar, macConkey, CLED

Biochemical

Question 13

UTI investigations

Antibiotic sensitivity tests

Ampicillin, amoxycillin, co-trimoxazole, gentamicin

Answer 13

Wo, lol

Question 14

MAC Agar Formula

Bile salt (1.5g/l) & Crystal violet

Purpose: Recover the __________ & related __________ Gram-________ enteric bacilli.

Answer 14

Enterobacteriaceae; Lactose-fermenting

negative

Question 15

MAC Agar Formula

Inhibitor:_______ and _______.

Inhibit the growth of Gram-_____ bacteria and some ______________________ bacteria

Answer 15

Bile salt & Crystal Violet

positive

fastidious Gram- negative

Question 16

MAC Agar Formula

Carbohydrate Source:_______

_____________ , pH indicator

Answer 16

Lactose

Neutral Red

Question 17

Eosin-Methylene-Blue agar (EMB)

Eosin and Methylene-blue

Purpose: Isolation & detection of the _______ or ______-related _______ bacilli from specimens with mixed bacteria.

Answer 17

Enterobacteriaceae

Lactose

coliform

Question 18

Eosin-Methylene-Blue agar (EMB)

Inhibitor: __________.

Inhibits the growth of Gram-_________ bacteria and some ___________ organisms

Answer 18

Eosin & methylene blue

positive

fastidious G-negative

Question 19

Eosin-Methylene-Blue agar (EMB)
Eosin and Methylene-blue

Carbohydrate Source: ____________

Answer 19

Lactose

Question 20

Eosin-Methylene-Blue agar (EMB)
Eosin and Methylene-blue

pH Indicator: Eosin & methylene blue combine to form a _____________ at _____ pH.

Answer 20

precipitate

acidic