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Platyhelminthes Flashcards

1
Q

HELMINTHS

Do not, as a rule, ____ in man (save ________________________)

A

multiply

H. nana, S. stercoralis, E. vermicularis, filariae

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2
Q

HELMINTHS

Nature/severity of pathology is related to _______

A

worm burden

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3
Q

Helminths

Which are more common, acute or sub clinical infections

A

Subclinical infections are more common than acute diseases

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4
Q

Helminths

Transmission to man:
direct contact with ________ &/or ingestion of food __________

infected foodstuffs, eaten ___________

_____________ entry

A

contaminated soil ; contaminated with faeces

raw insect vectors (filariae)

active percutaneous

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5
Q

PLATYHELMINTHES

Platy means _____, helminth means _____

A

flat

worm

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6
Q

PLATYHELMINTHES

_________ flattened

________ (save the ________)

(Complete or Incomplete?) gut

A

Dorso-ventrally

hermaphroditic; schistosomes

Incomplete

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7
Q

PLATYHELMINTHES

Further divided into _______ or ______

A

Cestodes or Trematodes

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8
Q

Characteristics of Cestodes:
•_______-like, gutless endoparasites (adults in gut of man)

•———— (outer body covering) is highly ________

A

Ribbon

Tegument; absorptive

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9
Q

Characteristics of Cestodes:

• Body _________

•suckers at _____ end

•Life cycles is (direct or indirect?) & (simple or complex?)

A

segmented

anterior

Indirect; complex

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10
Q

Three important Cestode infections will be discussed
•__________
•___________
•____________

A

Taeniasis

Diphyllobothriasis

Hymenolepiasis

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11
Q

_________ is the best known tapeworm infection of man.

A

Taeniasis

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12
Q

Taeniasis

Aetiological Agents:
• Taenia Solium (____ tapeworm)

• Taenia saginata (——— tapeworm)

• Taenia asiatica (_______ tapeworm)

A

pork

beef

Asian

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13
Q

Taeniasis

Aetiological Agents:
• Taenia _______ (pork tapeworm)

• Taenia _____ (beef tapeworm)

• Taenia ________ (Asian tapeworm)

A

Solium

saginata

asiatica

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14
Q

Taeniasis

Transmission:
•________ of ______

•________ of ______

A

Ingestion of cysticerci laden meat

Ingestion of eggs

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15
Q

Taeniasis

• Ingestion of cysticerci laden meat- _______

• Ingestion of eggs – _________

A

Taeniasis

Cysticercosis

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16
Q

Taeniasis

Morphology:

•___ suckers on scolex (1–2 mm)

•a ______ circle of hooks

•________ budded from ___ region

A

4

double

Proglottids; neck

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17
Q

Which species of Taenia has 4 suckers

A

T. solium & T. saginata

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18
Q

Which species of Taenia has a double circle or hooks

A

T. solium

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19
Q

Taeniasis life cycle

• Eggs ingested by ___________, in which it becomes _________ which also develops into a ___________ in : _________________________________________

A

intermediate hosts

oncosphere

cysticercus

tongue, larynx, diaphragm, back/thigh muscles, heart, peritoneum; liver, lungs, brain.

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20
Q

Taeniasis

intermediate hosts:

•______ : T. solium
• ______: T. asiatica
• ______:T.saginata

A

pig

pig

cattle

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21
Q

Taeniasis

Human infection: _______ of _______

A

ingestion of cysticerci-laden meat

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22
Q

Taeniasis

Clinical features

•More common: weight loss, _______ pain, ______, loss of appetite

• Less common: _____,_____,______

• Cysticercosis: ______ pains, severe functional disorders, death ( ________ )

A

epigastric

colic

Anal pruritus, orthostatic hypotension, syncope

Rheumatic; neurocysticercosis

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23
Q

Taeniasis Treatment

• Taeniasis- _______,_______

•Cysticercosis- _____ + ______

A

Praziquantel, Niclosamide

Praziquantel + Corticosteroids

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24
Q

Diphyllobothriasis
• It is a ______ infection

A

tapeworm

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25
Q

Diphyllobothriasis

Aetiological Agents:
•________________ (_____ tapeworm)

A

Diphyllobothrium latum

Fish

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26
Q

Diphyllobothriasis

Transmission:

Ingestion of ____ (2nd intermediate host) containing ________ (_________) larvae

A

fish

plerocercoid

sparganum

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27
Q

DIphyllobothriasis Morphology:

•_______ shaped scolex, with __________

• Strobila measures up to ______

• Mature proglottids

A

Spatula; 2 bothria

20m

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28
Q

DIphyllobothriasis

Life cycle:
• In freshwater, egg develop into _______ which is ingested by intermediate host 1 (_________ eg ______ ) where it develops into ____________ (in _____)

Intermediate host 1 is ingested by intermediate host 2 ( _____), and in ________ , the _______ becomes the _____________(_______)

A

ciliated coracidium; copepods e.g Cyclops

procercoid larva; coelom

fish; fish muscles; procercoid

plerocercoid larva (sparganum)

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29
Q

DIphyllobothriasis

Human infection is by consumption of intermediate host ____ (__________) which contains ______

A

2

fish

plerocercoids
•

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30
Q

Diphyllobothriasis : Clinical Features

Mostly asymptomatic

_____________

Less common: Diarrhoea, flatulence, meteorism

A

Pernicious megaloblastic anemia

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31
Q

Diphyllobothriasis: Human sparganosis

Mostly in _____

Due to ______ of ________ of ______ spp. Or —————

• Symptoms are _____ dependent

A

asia

migration of sparganum larvae

spirometra; sparganum proliferum.

site

32
Q

Management of human sparganosis is _______

A

surgical removal

33
Q

Treatment of Diphyllobothriasis

•______
•_________
• Treatment of ________

A

Praziquantel

Niclosamide

pernicious anemia

34
Q

HYMENOLEPIASIS

Aetiological Agents:
• Hymenolepis _____ ( ______ tapeworm of man)

• Hymenolepis ——— (_____ tapeworm)

A

nana; dwarf

diminuta; rat

35
Q

HYMENOLEPIASIS

Epidemiology:

Occurrence is worldwide and more common in (children or adults?)

36
Q

HYMENOLEPIASIS

Transmission:
• _______ of _________

• _______

A

Ingestion of intermediate hosts

Auto-infection

37
Q

HYMENOLEPIASIS Morphology:

• relatively (small or large?) rostellum

• ___suckers
• a (simple or complex?) circlet of ______ hooklets

A

Small

4 suckers

Simple

20-30 hooklets

38
Q

The Smallest tapeworm in man causes _______

A

Hymenolepiasis

39
Q

Life cycle of HYMENOLEPIASIS

• Eggs ingested by _________, in which is becomes ________ which grows into _______

A

intermediate hosts

oncospheres

cysticercoids

40
Q

Life cycle of HYMENOLEPIASIS

intermediate hosts:
•_____ beetle:______ spp.

• _____ beetle: _____ spp.

• __________ :_________ spp.

A

flour; Tribolium

Grain; Tenebrio

Ratflea; Xenopsylla

41
Q

HYMENOLEPIASIS

Human infection

___________

______ : ______ only);

A

ingestion of intermediate hosts

eggs; H. nana

42
Q

HYMENOLEPIASIS: Clinical Features

• Mostly asymptomatic

• Autoinfection: ________,______,_______

A

Abdominal pain, diarroea,nonspecificsymptoms.

43
Q

HYMENOLEPIASIS: Treatment

_________
______

A

Praziquantel
Niclosamide

44
Q

CLONORCHIASIS
• It is a _______ infection

45
Q

CLONORCHIASIS

Aetiological Agents:

•________ (__________)

A

Clonorchis Sinensis

Chinese liver fluke

46
Q

CLONORCHIASIS

Transmission:
__________ of _______ (in uncooked fish)

A

Ingestion of intermediate hosts

47
Q

CLONORCHIASIS Morphology:

( Smooth or Rough?)

_____ -like.

A

Smooth

Leaf

48
Q

CLONORCHIASIS

• Life cycle:

Eggs ingested by intermediate
hosts 1 (_____ )

In intermediate
hosts 1 : from eggs to ______→ ______ → _____ →_______
In intermediate host 2 (_______): _______ → _______
In humans: _______ → young flukes → _______

A

snails

miracidium; sporocyst; rediae; cercariae

Cyprinid; cercariae; metacercariae

Metacercariae; bile duct

49
Q

CLONORCHIASIS Clinical Features

• Mostly asymptomatic

•_______ of bile duct

•_______,______,_____,_______

• Occasionally; _______

A

Thickening

Hepatomegaly, cirrhosis, ascites, oedema

liver cancer.

50
Q

CLONORCHIASIS

Treatment:
•_________

A

Praziquantel

51
Q

CLONORCHIASIS

Diagnosis:
• Stool microscopy: Eggs ( ____shaped, _____)

A

flask

operculate

52
Q

FASIOLIASIS : Aetiological Agents

____________

A

Fasciola hepatica

53
Q

Fasciola hepatica

Aka

_______/____/______ liver fluke

A

sheep/large/common

54
Q

FASIOLIASIS: Transmission:

Ingestion of ___________ eg _______

A

contaminated aquatic plants e.g watercress

55
Q

FASCIOLIASIS: Morphology:

(Smooth or Rough?)

_____ shaped.

A

Smooth

Leaf

56
Q

FASCIOLIASIS: life cycle

Eggs ingested by intermediate
hosts 1 ( ______ )

In intermediate hosts 1: eggs become _______ → ______ → _____ →_______

Then, Cercariae → _________ in on _____

In humans:_____ → young flukes →_____

A

snails

miracidium; sporocyst; rediae; cercariae

metacercariae; plants

metacercariae; bile duct

57
Q

Examples of plants involved in fascioliasis

A

Watercress, alfalfa, water lettuce

58
Q

FASCIOLIASIS : Clinical Features

• Mostly asymptomatic

•Acute: malaise, nausea, weight loss, abdominal pain.

• Chronic: ______,________,______,_____

A

Jaundice,pancreatitis, cholelithiasis, liver fibrosis

59
Q

FASCIOLIASIS: Diagnosis

• Stool microscopy :Eggs(_____-shaped,
_______ )

•ELISA, CFT, IIF

A

flask

operculate

60
Q

FASCIOLIASIS : Treatment

•________
•_________
•___________

A

Triclabendazole

Bithionol

Praziquantel

61
Q

PARAGONIMIASIS

Aetiological Agents:
• __________________
•____________________

A

Paragonimus westermani

Paragonimus africanus

62
Q

PARAGONIMIASIS: Transmission

Ingestion of ______________

A

contaminated
crab/crayfish

63
Q

Paragonimus westermani

Aka

_______

A

Lung fluke

64
Q

PARAGONIMIASIS: Morphology

(Thin or Thick?)

(fleshy or dry?)

A

Thick

Fleshy

65
Q

PARAGONIMIASIS: Life cycle

•Eggs ingested by intermediate
hosts 1 (____)

•In intermediate hosts 1: eggs become _____→ _______ →_____ →_______

•In intermediate host 2 (________):____ → ________

•In humans:_____ → young flukes → ________→ ______ → ______ → ______

A

snails

miracidium; sporocyst; rediae; cercariae

Crab or Crayfish; Cercariae; metacercariae

metacercariae; duodenal wall; diaphragm; thoracic cavity; lung

66
Q

PARAGONIMIASIS: ClinicalFeatures

• Mostly asymptomatic

•Acute: diarrhoea, fever, abdominal pain.

•Lung infection: ______, ________ pain, _______

Extrapulmonary damage: ___,_____ ,___

A

Severe chronic cough

piercing chest ; hemoptysis

CNS, Liver, Intestines

67
Q

PARAGONIMIASIS

Diagnosis:

Stool or sputum microscopy: Eggs ( _______ )
Bronchoscopy/ CT Scan ELISA, CFT, IIF

A

operculate

68
Q

PARAGONIMIASIS: Treatment

_________
_______
________
___________

A

Praziquantel
Triclabendazole
Bithionol
Surgery

69
Q

SCHISTOSOMIASIS

• ____________/_________

A

Bilharzia/ Snail fever

70
Q

SCHISTOSOMIASIS

Aetiological Agents:
• Schistosoma _______
• Schistosoma _______
Schistosoma ______
• S.______, S. ____

A

haematobium

mansoni

japonicum

mekongi

intercalatum

71
Q

SCHISTOSOMIASIS: Transmission

•__________________

A

Percutaneous cercarial entry

72
Q

SCHISTOSOMIASIS: Morphology

• The male and female are
Permanently in ______

They inhabit;
•_________ and _______ (S._________________)

•__________ vessels (S. __________)

A

copula

Intestinal vessels and hepatic veins

mansoni and japonicum

Urinary bladder; haematobium

73
Q

The male and female schistosomes are
Temporarily in copula

T/F

A

F

Permanently

74
Q

SCHISTOSOMIASIS: Life cycle

• Eggs ingested by intermediate
hosts 1 ( ________ )

• In intermediate hosts 1: eggs become _______→ ______ →______

In humans: _____ → ______ to enter the ____ circulation → _____ → _____ circulation →______

A

snails

miracidium→ sporocyst →cercariae

cercariae; schistosomula; venous

heart; systemic; portal veins

75
Q

SCHISTOSOMIASIS

Treatment:
•____________

A

Praziquantel

76
Q

Schistosomiasis : Clinical Features

• Mostly asymptomatic

•__________ (from ________ )

• Pulmonary migration can lead to ________

• Urogenital disease: _____, ____ sensation in urethra & urgency, bladder ____, ___ damage, bladder ______

A

Cercarial dermatitis

penetrating cercariae

bronchitis

hematuria; burning; fibrosis; kidney; cancer

77
Q

Schistosomiasis : Clinical Features

Intestinal: abdominal pain , diarrhoea, ________, ______ obstruction, ________.

________ fever: fever, diarrhoea, myalgia, arthralgia, weakness, abdominal pain

A

bloody stool

Portal vein ; hepatosplenomegaly

Katayama

House Microbiology (94 decks)

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