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House Microbiology > Bacterial Flora > Flashcards

Bacterial Flora Flashcards

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1
Q

NORMAL FLORA:
These are mixture of micro-organisms that are ______________________

A

regularly found at any anatomical site on or within the body of a healthy person.

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2
Q

Estimation of the Normal flora

It has been calculated that the normal flora human body about 10^__ bacteria on the skin, 10^___ in the mouth, and 10^___ in the gastrointestinal tract.

A

12

10

14

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3
Q

Importance of The Normal Flora

They constitute a ___________ mechanism
by ________

A

protective host defense

occupying ecological niches.

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4
Q

Normal Microbial Flora:

Resident Flora:
– Microbes that are _______________

A

always present on or within body

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5
Q

Normal microbial Flora:

Transient Flora:
– Microbes that __________ for _______ then __________

A

live in or on the body

a period of time (hours, days, weeks, months)

move on or die off

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6
Q

EXAMPLES OF TISSUE TROPISM OF SOME BACTERIA ASSOCIATED WITH HUMANS

Throat
Urogenital epithelium
Tooth surfaces

A

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

N.gonorrhoeae

S.mutans

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7
Q

EXAMPLES OF TISSUE TROPISM OF SOME BACTERIA ASSOCIATED WITH HUMANS

Tongue surfaces
Small intestine epithelium
Nasal membranes
Skin

A

S.salivarius
E.coli

S. aureus
S.epidermidis

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8
Q

Normal flora of Skin:
Important bacteria:

Mention 4

A

1.Staphylococcus epidermidis
2. Micrococcus sp.
3. Corynebacterium sp.
4. Mycobacterium smegmatis

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9
Q

Normal Flora of the Conjunctiva:

List 7

A
  1. Staphylococcus epidermidis 2. Corynebacterium spp.
  2. Propoinibacterium acnes 4. Staphylococcus aureus
  3. Viridans streptococci
  4. Neisseria spp.
  5. Haemophilus influenzae
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10
Q

Normal Flora of the Respiratory Tract: A). The nares (nostrils) :

List 6

A
  1. Staphylococcus epidermidis 2. Corynebacteria spp.
  2. Staphylococcus aureus
  3. Neisseria spp.
  4. Haemophilus spp.
  5. Streptococcus pneumoniae
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11
Q

Normal Flora of the Respiratory Tract: B) The upper respiratory tract (nasopharynx):

List 7

A
  1. Non-hemolytic streptococci 2. Alpha-hemolytic streptococci 3. Neisseria spp.
  2. Streptococcus pneumoniae
  3. Streptococcus pyogenes
  4. Haemophilus influenzae
  5. Neisseria meningitidis
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12
Q

The lower respiratory tract:(trachea, bronchi, and pulmonary tissues): Usually _______.

A

sterile

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13
Q

Normal Flora of the Respiratory Tract: C) The lower respiratory tract:(trachea, bronchi, and
pulmonary tissues): Usually sterile.
The individual may become susceptible to infection by pathogens descending from the nasopharynx:
e.g. ______,_______

A

H. influenzae, S. pneumoniae

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14
Q

Normal Flora of the Human Oral Cavity:
Oral bacteria include:

List 8

A
  1. Viridans streptococci
  2. Lactobacilli
  3. Staphylococci (S. aureus and S. epidermidis) 4. Corynebacterium sp.
  4. Bacteroides sp.
  5. Streptococcus sanguis (dental plaque)
  6. Streptococcus mutans (dental plaque)
  7. Actinomyces sp
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15
Q

The Normal Flora of The Ears (i.e. external ear)
The external ears contains a variety of micro- organisms. These include:

????

A
  1. Staphylococcus epidermidis 2. Staphylococcus aureus
  2. Corynebacterium sp
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16
Q

Normal flora of the Urogenital Tract:
b) The vagina:
Most important one is??

A

Lactobacillus acidophilus*

17
Q

Bacteria/gram contents (increases or decreases?) as we go from duodenum to rectum

A

Increases

18
Q

In breast-fed infants :

___________ account for more than 90% of the total intestinal bacteria.

A

Bifido bacteria

19
Q

In bottle-fed infants, Bifidobacteria are predominant.

T/F

A

F

Bifidobacteria are not predominant.

20
Q

In the upper GIT of adult humans mainly acid- tolerant lactobacilli present:
e.g. _____——

A

Helicobacter pylori

21
Q

THE ROLE/ BENEFITS OF THE NORMAL
FLORA:
1. The normal flora synthesize and excrete ______ in excess of their own needs, which can be _____________

For example, enteric bacteria secrete ______ and ______, while lactic acid bacteria produce certain _____

A

vitamins

absorbed as nutrients by the host.

Vitamin K and Vitamin B12

B-vitamins.

22
Q

THE ROLE/ BENEFITS OF THE NORMAL
FLORA:

The normal flora prevent ______ by pathogens by ____________ or ________

A

colonization

competing for attachment sites or for essential nutrients.

23
Q

THE ROLE/ BENEFITS OF THE NORMAL FLORA:

  1. The normal flora may ______ other bacteria through the ___________________________________
A

antagonize

production of substances which inhibit or kill non-indigenous species.

24
Q

Intestinal bacteria produce a variety of substances like ________,_________, and ________, which inhibit or kill other bacteria.

A

non-specific fatty acids, peroxides and highly specific bacteriocins

25
Q

The normal flora stimulates the development of certain tissues

T/F

If T, give example
If F, why ?

A

T

the caecum (in animals) and certain lymphatic tissues (Peyer’s patches) in the GI tract.

26
Q

The normal flora does not stimulate the production of “cross-reactive antibodies’’.

T/F

A

F

It does

27
Q

Sterile tissues:
In a healthy human, the internal tissues such as:

List 4

A

blood
brain
muscle
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

28
Q

Sterile tissues are normally free of microorganisms.

T/F

A

T

29
Q

We have no Commensalistic relationships with Bacteria

T/F

A

T

30
Q

Escherichia coli - normally in our ______ where it causes no problems, but if it gets into the ________ it can become pathogenic.

A

digestive tract

urinary tract

31
Q

Staphylococcus aureus – commonly found in the __________, but if it gets into a _____ or _______ it can become pathogenic

A

upper respiratory tract,

wound or a burn

32
Q

Probiotic:

–____ administration of ________ to promote health

– Species specific: adherence and growth (tropism)

A

Oral

living organisms

House Microbiology (93 decks)

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