Sexually Transmitted Infections Flashcards
STI
Infections that can be transmitted through ______________
• May be caused by a ______,______,_______ , or other organism
• Some are curable, some are not
• Left untreated, STIs can cause _____, _______, _______, ______ defects, and sometimes, _____
• STIs are very (common or rare?)
sexual activity
bacteria, virus, fungus
pain, sickness
infertility, birth defects
death
common
You can have more than one STI at a time
T/F
T
you can get the same STI more than once
T/F
T
STI
Some are curable, some are not
T/F
T
Incidence of STIs
Startling statistics
–~1/2 of the STIs diagnosed annually in the US occur among people under _____
– Approximately ________ teenagers are infected w/STIs each year
– 25% of U.S. population > 1 STI by age ____
– Largest proportion of AIDS cases infected in ______ or ________
25
3 million
35
teens or 20s
Factors contributing to high rates of STIs
Main reason: _________________ and _____________ –especially prevalent behavior in ________ and ________
• Use of oral contraceptive
• ______ access to health care
• Failure of doctors to ___________________________________________________
• Some diseases have ___________________
• _____________ to partner
• Lack of _____________
•_________ education - immortality
multiple sexual partners ; unprotected sex
adolescence ; early adulthood
Limited access ; not ask questions about patients’ sexual behaviors
no obvious symptoms; Difficulty talking
contact tracing; Poor sex
Bacterial infections
• __________
• __________
•__________ __________(NGU)
• __________
•__________
Chlamydia
• Gonorrhea
•Nongonococcal urethritis (NGU)
• Syphilis
•Bacterial vaginosis
Chlamydia
Caused by: bacterium _________ ________ that infects the _________ system
Transmission: primarily _________-_________, ______-_______, ______-______, or _______-_______ contact; can also be spread by _________ from one body site to another.
Chlamydia trachomatis ;urogenital system
penile-vaginal
oral-genital
oral-anal
genital-anal
fingers
Chlamydia
Symptoms:
– In majority of cases, _____!
– if present:
•Women: mild ________ or ________, ________ urination, slight vaginal ________
•Men: ________ discharge, ________ urination
irritation ; itching
burning ;discharge
urethral ; burning urination
The most common bacterial STI is ???
Chlamydia
Chlamydia
Consequences if left untreated:
• Women: __________________________ disease (PID)
– Bacterial infection spreads from ______ up into ________ , __________, and possibly _________.
Symptoms of PID include disrupted _________ , _________ pain, _________ pain, fever, nausea, vomiting, and headache.
Even after treatment, _________ from PID can block fallopian tubes and cause _________ or _________ pregnancy (very dangerous)
Pelvic inflammatory disease
cervix ; uterine lining
fallopian tubes ; ovaries.
menstruation ; chronic pelvic ; lower back
scar tissue ; infertility
ectopic
Chlamydia
Consequences if left untreated:
• Men: _________ (infection of the _________) or _________ (infection of the _________)
Symptoms of epididymitis: _________ in testis; (small or large?) , (soft or hard?) , (painful or painless?) swelling in testis; _________ scrotum
Symptoms of urethritis: penile _________, _________ urination
epididymitis ; epididymis
urethritis ; urethral tube)
heaviness ; small
hard; painful
inflamed; discharge, burning
Chlamydia
Consequences if left untreated,
• Trachoma:
– a/an (acute or chronic?) , (contagious or non-contagious ?) form of _________ caused by chlamydia infection.
World’s leading cause of _________ _________.
Common cause of ______ infections in newborns, who can become infected as they __________________
chronic ; contagious
conjunctivitis ; preventable blindness.
eye ; pass through birth canal.
Chlamydia
Consequences if left untreated
• Consequences for babies born to infected mothers:
– Babies of infected mothers can also develop __________ caused by chlamydia infection
– Chlamydia infection can lead to _______________
pneumonia
premature delivery
Chlamydia
Treatment:
• ___-day treatment of ______, or one dose of ________
• All exposed sexual partners should be treated
7
doxycycline
azithromycin
Gonorrhea
Caused by: bacterium ________ _______
Transmission: ________-________, ________-________, ________- ________, or ________-________ contact
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
penile-vaginal
oral-genital
oral- anal
genital-anal
Gonorrhea
Symptoms:
– Male early symptoms:
•____-smelling, _______ penile discharge,
•_______ urination
•symptoms may _______, but does not necessarily mean ______________
– Female early symptoms: •usually go _______
•_______ cervix, _______ discharge
•_______ urination
foul ; cloudy
burning ; clear up
bacteria are gone; undetected
inflamed ; mild ; burning urination
Gonorrhea
Consequences if left untreated:
• Men: prostate ______, painful _______, _______ urination, possible _______ due to _______ in _______ after _______
abcesses; BMs
difficult ; sterility
scar tissue ; epididymis
epididymitis
Gonorrhea
Consequences if left untreated:
• Women: _____ (often (more or less?) severe than w/chlamydia infection), ______ pregnancy, _________ pain due to ________ adhesions across pelvis
PID ; more
ectopic ; severe pelvic
Scar-tissue
Gonorrhea
Consequences if left untreated:
• Both sexes: can enter ________ and spread throughout body in ~___% of cases, causing fever, loss of ______, ______ pain, can invade ____,_____,______
– Can cause _______ in infants (due to ________)
bloodstream
2% ; appetite
arthritic ; heart
liver ; CNS
blindness ; conjunctivitis
Gonorrhea Treatment:
• _____ therapy of _____ antibiotic regimens
• Often, ________ infections accompany Gonorrhea infection–____ therapy will treat both infections
• ________ bacteria require special treatment
• All exposed sexual partners should be treated
Dual ;two
chlamydia ;dual
Resistant
Nongonococcal Urethritis
Any urethral inflammation not caused by ___________
– Main infecting organisms: ___________ ___________ and ___________ ___________
– Can also result from other infectious agents, ___________ reactions to vaginal secretions, or ___________ from soaps, contraceptives, or deodorant sprays
gonorrhea
Chlamydia trachomatis
Mycoplasma genitalium
allergic ; irritation
Nongonococcal Urethritis
Prevalence: quite common in (men or women?) ; symptoms in (men or women?) are usually undetected
Transmission: mainly through ___________ coitus
Men ; women
penile-vaginal
Nongonococcal Urethritis
Symptoms:
– Men: penile ________, _______ urination
– Women: frequently, ____ symptoms; may have mild ______, _______ urination, vaginal discharge of _______
discharge ; burning
no ; itching
burning ;pus
Nongonococcal Urethritis
Consequences if left untreated:
• Men: can spread to ________, _________, or both
• Women: _______ inflammation, _______
prostate ; epididymis
cervial ; PID
Nongonococcal Urethritis
Treatment:
• 7-day treatment of ________, or one dose of ________
• All exposed sexual partners should be treated
doxycycline
azithromycin
Syphilis
Caused by: bacterium _______ ________
Transmission: _______-_______, _______-_______, _______-_______, or _______-_______ contact
Treponema pallidium
penile-vaginal
oral-genital
oral-anal
genital-anal contact
Syphilis
Symptoms:
–Primary syphilis: (Single or multiple?) , (painful or painless?) sore (______)
– Women: on _____ vaginal walls or cervix, sometimes on _______
– Men: _______ of _______, penile _______, or _______
– Can also occur on _______ or _______ (infected orally) or in _______/_______ (infected through anal intercourse)
Single ; painless
Chancre ; inner
labia; glans of penis
penile shaft ; scrotum
lips or tongue
rectum/anus
Syphilis
Symptoms
– Secondary syphilis: skin _________ ,
– often on _________, _________
•Severity can vary from barely noticable to severe
•Does not _________ or _________
•Person may feel _________-like symptoms
•If not treated, symptoms will _________, but disease is _________
rash; palms
soles of feet
hurt or itch
flu ; subside
eliminated
Syphilis : symptoms
– Latent syphilis: _______ symptoms; no longer contagious after _______ of latent stage (except _______ to _______–at all stages)
– Tertiary syphilis: _______ symptoms anywhere–such as _______ failure, _______, _______, _______ damage, _______ disturbance, _______
no ; 1 year
pregnant woman to fetus
severe ;heart
blindness; paralysis
liver ; mental
death
Syphilis
Treatment:
• Primary, secondary, or latent syphilis (< 1yr) early cases treated with ______ _______ ___ or other antibiotic
• All exposed sexual partners should be treated
• Treated patients need blood tests at ___-month intervals to make sure they are free of bacterium
• To prevent birth defects, death to fetus, it is recommended that all pregnant women are tested for syphilis at ____ prenatal visit
benzathine penicillin G
3-month
first prenatal visit
Granuloma inguinale
Granuloma inguinale is a progressive infection of ________ and ________ caused by ________ (formerly ________) ________.
The disease is characterized by (slowly or rapidly ?) progressive ________
genital and perineal skin
klebsiella; calymmatobacterium
granulomatis ; slowly
skin lesions
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS of Granuloma inguinale
Sites of infection are
•Penis, scrotum, groin, and ______ in men
•Vulva, vagina, and ______ in women
•______ and ______ in patients who engage in anal-receptive intercourse
•_____ in both sexes
•After an incubation period of about ___ to _______ , a ( painful or painless?) , ____ skin nodule slowly _______, becoming a (raised or flattened?) , beefy red, moist,
thighs ; perineum
Anus ; buttocks
Face ; 1 to 12 weeks
painless; red
enlarges ; raised
Diagnosis of granuloma inguinale
Microscopic examination showing ___________ in fluid from a lesion
Granuloma inguinale is suspected in patients from endemic areas with characteristic lesions.
Diagnosis of granuloma inguinale is confirmed ___________ by the presence of ___________
donovan bodies
microscopically
donovan
