Nematodes Flashcards by Iseoluwa Ojo

ASCARIASIS
• It is a _________ infection

nematode

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ASCARIASIS

Transmission:
_________ of _______

Ingestion of infective eggs

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ASCARIASIS

Aetiological Agents:
•_____________

Ascaris lumbricoides

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Largest human-parasitic intestinal nematodes causes __________

ASCARIASIS

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ASCARIASIS: Life cycle

Eggs passed out in faeces

The eggs _______ and become ______.

larvae→ _________ __________ _____________  _____

______  ________

embryonate; infective

intestinal mucosa ; circulation; lungs

alveolar walls; bronchial tree; throat

Throat; small intestine

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ASCARIASIS
Clinical Features

Mostly asymptomatic

Pulmonary migration (___________):______,______,_______

Loeffler’s syndrome

Cough, dyspnea, haemoptysis

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ASCARIASIS
Clinical Features

Migrating adults: _____,_______, acute __________ pain, _____ expulsion.

cholangitis, pancreatitis

upper abdominal

oral

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ASCARIASIS
Clinical Features

Heavy Infections: ______ of nutrients, _______ deficiency, ____ failure, adverse impairment of ______ development

malabsorption

nutritional

growth; cognitive

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ASCARIASIS
Clinical Features

Complications: _________,__________,________

obstruction, intestinal volvulus, intussusception

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ASCARIASIS : Treatment

________
__________
—————-

Albendazole

Mebendazole

Surgery

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TRICHURIASIS
• It is a ________ infection

nematode

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TRICHURIASIS

Transmission:
________ of _________

Ingestion of infective eggs

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TRICHURIASIS

Aetiological Agents:
•____________ (_______ )

Trichuris trichiura

whipworm

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TRICHURIASIS: Morphology

Adults 3-5cm in _______________________

ascending colon, cecum & appendix.

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TRICHURIASIS: Life cycle

Eggs passed out in faeces

The eggs embryonate and become infective.

larvae→________  ______

intestinal mucosa

colon

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TRICHURIASIS
Clinical Features

Mostly asymptomatic

Heavy Infections: diarrhoea, dysentery, anaemia, weight loss, abdominal pain, _______,_______,______,________

growth retardation, anal eczema, pruritus, urticaria

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TRICHURIASIS
Clinical Features

Complications:________

rectal prolapse

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TRICHURIASIS : Treatment

_________
___________

Albendazole

Mebendazole

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HOOKWORM INFECTIONS
• it’s a ________ infection

nematode

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HOOKWORM INFECTIONS

Transmission:
•___________

Percutaneous entry

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HOOKWORM INFECTIONS

Aetiological Agents:
•______________ and _______

Cutaneous larva migrans:
___________, __________

Ancylostoma duodenale & Necator americanus

Ancylostoma braziliense, Ancylostoma caninum

HOOKWORM INFECTIONS: Morphology

Adults in lumen of small intestine, attached to its wall.

T/F

HOOKWORM INFECTIONS: Life cycle

Eggs passed out in faeces

The eggs embryonate and become infective.

____ larvae→ ______ → circulation → ______ → alveolar walls → ______→ ______

______→________

L3; blood vessels

lungs; bronchial tree ; pharynx

pharynx; small intestine

HOOKWORMS
Clinical Features

Mostly asymptomatic

Pulmonary migration ( _____________ ): ______,_____,_________

Loeffler’s syndrome

Cough, dyspnea, haemoptysis

HOOKWORMS Clinical Features Heavy Infections: adverse impairment of __________

cognitive development

HOOKWORMS Clinical Features Complications: ___________,

iron deficiency anaemia

HOOKWORKMS: Treatment •drugs : _____,____,____,______ •___________ (anaemia) •CLM (____,_______)

Albendazole, Mebendazole, Pyrantel, Pamoate Iron supplementsq Ivermectin, Albendazole

STRONGYLOIDIASIS • It is a __________ infection

nematode

STRONGYLOIDIASIS Aetiological Agents: •_____________ •_________________

Strongyloides stercoralis Strongyloides fuelleborni

STRONGYLOIDIASIS Transmission: ____________ _____________

Percutaneous entry Autoinfection

STRONGYLOIDIASIS: Morphology Only parasitic (males or females?) found in the small intestine.

Females

STRONGYLOIDIASIS: Life cycle _________ is passed out in faeces , then it matures to _____, which is infective and gets into the circulation, then the ______ to the alveolar walls, to the _______ to the _______ Then from _____ to _________

L1 larvae ; L3 lungs bronchial tree pharynx pharynx ; small intestine

STRONGYLOIDIASIS Clinical Features Light infection: ____________ Pulmonary migration (________): ______,_______,________

Mostly asymptomatic Loeffler’s syndrome Cough, dyspnea, haemoptysis

STRONGYLOIDIASIS Clinical Features Uncomplicated infection: ———, abdominal pain, diarrhoea, nausea, weight loss, _________

pruritis eosinophilia

STRONGYLOIDIASIS Clinical Features Complicated infection: _________ (similar to ________________).

Larva Currens cutaneous larva migrans

STRONGYLOIDIASIS Clinical Features _________ Syndrome & _________ Strongyloidiasis; Potentially life threatening

HyperInfection Disseminated

STRONGYLOIDIASIS: Treatment ____________ ______________

Albendazole Ivermectin

ENTEROBIASIS • It is a ________ infection

nematode

ENTEROBIASIS Transmission: _______________ _________________

Ingestion of infective eggs Autoinfection

ENTEROBIASIS Aetiological Agents: •____________________

Enterobius vermicularis

ENTEROBIASIS: Morphology Inhabit the _____ part of the small intestine & ______ large intestine .

lower upper

ENTEROBIASIS: Life cycle Eggs passed out in faeces The eggs embryonate and become infective. Eggs → _______→ _______→_____

L3 larvae small intestine Caecum

ENTEROBIASIS Clinical Features Mostly asymptomatic ____________ Insomnia, abdominal pain, ________ , skin irritation, restlessness Rarely: Vulvovaginitis, Salpingitis

Itchy anal region appendicitis

ENTEROBIASIS Diagnosis: Eggs in _________ (___________ test) Egg identification in ___________ ________ identification

anal smears Cellophane tape fingernail samples Worm

ENTEROBIASIS: Treatment ______,________, pyrantel, pamoate

Albendazole, Mebendazole

TRICHINOSIS/ TRICHINELLOSIS • It is a ________ infection

nematode

TRICHINOSIS/ TRICHINELLOSIS Transmission: Ingestion of ___________ from infected animals

raw uncooked meat

TRICHINOSIS/ TRICHINELLOSIS Aetiological Agents: •____________

Trichinella Spiralis

TRICHINOSIS: Morphology Only the (male or female?) is found in the small intestine.

Female

TRICHINOSIS: Life cycle Humans ingest _______ in contaminated meat Encysted larvae invade _______ larvae→ ___________ → circulation → __________ → ________________

trichinella cysts intestinal mucosa intestinal mucosa striated skeletal muscles Excyst within the muscles

TRICHINOSIS: Clinical Features Early infection: ______, diarrhoea, vomiting Later Infections: headaches, cough, _____,______,________,_________ Heavy Infection: _____,______,________

Abdominal pain eye swelling, myalgia, itchy skin, aching joints myocarditis, encephalitis , thromboembolism

TRICHINOSIS: Treatment _______,________

Albendazole, Mebendazole