Nematodes Flashcards
ASCARIASIS
• It is a _________ infection
nematode
ASCARIASIS
Transmission:
_________ of _______
Ingestion of infective eggs
ASCARIASIS
Aetiological Agents:
•_____________
Ascaris lumbricoides
Largest human-parasitic intestinal nematodes causes __________
ASCARIASIS
ASCARIASIS: Life cycle
Eggs passed out in faeces
The eggs _______ and become ______.
larvae→ _________ __________ _____________ _____
______ ________
embryonate; infective
intestinal mucosa ; circulation; lungs
alveolar walls; bronchial tree; throat
Throat; small intestine
ASCARIASIS
Clinical Features
Mostly asymptomatic
Pulmonary migration (___________):______,______,_______
Loeffler’s syndrome
Cough, dyspnea, haemoptysis
ASCARIASIS
Clinical Features
Migrating adults: _____,_______, acute __________ pain, _____ expulsion.
cholangitis, pancreatitis
upper abdominal
oral
ASCARIASIS
Clinical Features
Heavy Infections: ______ of nutrients, _______ deficiency, ____ failure, adverse impairment of ______ development
malabsorption
nutritional
growth; cognitive
ASCARIASIS
Clinical Features
Complications: _________,__________,________
obstruction, intestinal volvulus, intussusception
ASCARIASIS : Treatment
________
__________
—————-
Albendazole
Mebendazole
Surgery
TRICHURIASIS
• It is a ________ infection
nematode
TRICHURIASIS
Transmission:
________ of _________
Ingestion of infective eggs
TRICHURIASIS
Aetiological Agents:
•____________ (_______ )
Trichuris trichiura
whipworm
TRICHURIASIS: Morphology
Adults 3-5cm in _______________________
ascending colon, cecum & appendix.
TRICHURIASIS: Life cycle
Eggs passed out in faeces
The eggs embryonate and become infective.
larvae→________ ______
intestinal mucosa
colon
TRICHURIASIS
Clinical Features
Mostly asymptomatic
Heavy Infections: diarrhoea, dysentery, anaemia, weight loss, abdominal pain, _______,_______,______,________
growth retardation, anal eczema, pruritus, urticaria
TRICHURIASIS
Clinical Features
Complications:________
rectal prolapse
TRICHURIASIS : Treatment
_________
___________
Albendazole
Mebendazole
HOOKWORM INFECTIONS
• it’s a ________ infection
nematode
HOOKWORM INFECTIONS
Transmission:
•___________
Percutaneous entry
HOOKWORM INFECTIONS
Aetiological Agents:
•______________ and _______
Cutaneous larva migrans:
___________, __________
Ancylostoma duodenale & Necator americanus
Ancylostoma braziliense, Ancylostoma caninum
HOOKWORM INFECTIONS: Morphology
Adults in lumen of small intestine, attached to its wall.
T/F
T
HOOKWORM INFECTIONS: Life cycle
Eggs passed out in faeces
The eggs embryonate and become infective.
____ larvae→ ______ → circulation → ______ → alveolar walls → ______→ ______
______→________
L3; blood vessels
lungs; bronchial tree ; pharynx
pharynx; small intestine
HOOKWORMS
Clinical Features
Mostly asymptomatic
Pulmonary migration ( _____________ ): ______,_____,_________
Loeffler’s syndrome
Cough, dyspnea, haemoptysis
HOOKWORMS
Clinical Features
Heavy Infections: adverse impairment of __________
cognitive development
HOOKWORMS
Clinical Features
Complications: ___________,
iron deficiency anaemia
HOOKWORKMS: Treatment
•drugs : _____,____,____,______
•___________ (anaemia)
•CLM (____,_______)
Albendazole, Mebendazole, Pyrantel, Pamoate
Iron supplementsq
Ivermectin, Albendazole
STRONGYLOIDIASIS
• It is a __________ infection
nematode
STRONGYLOIDIASIS
Aetiological Agents:
•_____________
•_________________
Strongyloides stercoralis
Strongyloides fuelleborni
STRONGYLOIDIASIS
Transmission:
____________
_____________
Percutaneous entry
Autoinfection
STRONGYLOIDIASIS: Morphology
Only parasitic (males or females?) found in the small intestine.
Females
STRONGYLOIDIASIS: Life cycle
_________ is passed out in faeces , then it matures to _____, which is infective and gets into the circulation, then the ______ to the alveolar walls, to the _______ to the _______
Then from _____ to _________
L1 larvae ; L3
lungs
bronchial tree
pharynx
pharynx ; small intestine
STRONGYLOIDIASIS
Clinical Features
Light infection: ____________
Pulmonary migration (________): ______,_______,________
Mostly asymptomatic
Loeffler’s syndrome
Cough, dyspnea, haemoptysis
STRONGYLOIDIASIS
Clinical Features
Uncomplicated infection: ———, abdominal pain, diarrhoea, nausea, weight loss, _________
pruritis
eosinophilia
STRONGYLOIDIASIS
Clinical Features
Complicated infection:
_________ (similar to ________________).
Larva Currens
cutaneous larva migrans
STRONGYLOIDIASIS
Clinical Features
_________ Syndrome & _________ Strongyloidiasis; Potentially life threatening
HyperInfection
Disseminated
STRONGYLOIDIASIS: Treatment
____________
______________
Albendazole
Ivermectin
ENTEROBIASIS
• It is a ________ infection
nematode
ENTEROBIASIS
Transmission:
_______________
_________________
Ingestion of infective eggs
Autoinfection
ENTEROBIASIS
Aetiological Agents:
•____________________
Enterobius vermicularis
ENTEROBIASIS: Morphology
Inhabit the _____ part of the small intestine & ______ large intestine .
lower
upper
ENTEROBIASIS: Life cycle
Eggs passed out in faeces
The eggs embryonate and become infective.
Eggs → _______→ _______→_____
L3 larvae
small intestine
Caecum
ENTEROBIASIS
Clinical Features
Mostly asymptomatic
____________
Insomnia, abdominal pain, ________ , skin irritation, restlessness
Rarely: Vulvovaginitis, Salpingitis
Itchy anal region
appendicitis
ENTEROBIASIS
Diagnosis:
Eggs in _________ (___________ test)
Egg identification in ___________
________ identification
anal smears
Cellophane tape
fingernail samples
Worm
ENTEROBIASIS: Treatment
______,________, pyrantel, pamoate
Albendazole, Mebendazole
TRICHINOSIS/ TRICHINELLOSIS
• It is a ________ infection
nematode
TRICHINOSIS/ TRICHINELLOSIS
Transmission:
Ingestion of ___________ from infected animals
raw uncooked meat
TRICHINOSIS/ TRICHINELLOSIS
Aetiological Agents:
•____________
Trichinella Spiralis
TRICHINOSIS: Morphology
Only the (male or female?) is found in the small intestine.
Female
TRICHINOSIS: Life cycle
Humans ingest _______ in contaminated meat
Encysted larvae invade _______
larvae→ ___________ → circulation → __________ → ________________
trichinella cysts
intestinal mucosa
intestinal mucosa
striated skeletal muscles
Excyst within the muscles
TRICHINOSIS: Clinical Features
Early infection: ______, diarrhoea, vomiting
Later Infections: headaches, cough, _____,______,________,_________
Heavy Infection: _____,______,________
Abdominal pain
eye swelling, myalgia, itchy skin, aching joints
myocarditis, encephalitis , thromboembolism
TRICHINOSIS: Treatment
_______,________
Albendazole, Mebendazole
