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House Microbiology > Filarial Worms > Flashcards

Filarial Worms Flashcards

1
Q

FILARIASIS

Is the Common name of ___________

A

any disease caused by filarial worms:

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2
Q

List the Pathogenic FILARIA worms

List 5/6

A

Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi;
Loa loa
Onchocerca volvulus
Brugia timori

W. bancrofti var. pacifica

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3
Q

List the Non-pathogenic FILARIA worms

All 3

A

Mansonella perstans

Mansonella streptocerca

Mansonella ozzardi

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4
Q

Transmission of filaria worms

For non-pathogenic species: _______ sp. (__________)

A

Culicoides

biting midges

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5
Q

Transmission of filaria worms

bites of _______ vectors

A

dipteran

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6
Q

Microfilarial periodicity:

nocturnal or diurnal

W. bancrofti var. pacifica*)

A

nocturnal

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7
Q

Microfilarial periodicity:

nocturnal or diurnal

B. malayi; B. timori

A

nocturnal

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8
Q

Microfilarial periodicity:

nocturnal or diurnal

Loa loa

A

diurnal

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9
Q

Microfilariae (mf) can either be ______ or ______

A

sheathed & unsheathed

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10
Q

The only unsheathed pathogenic filarial worm is ???

A

Onchocerca volvulus

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11
Q

The common unsheathed non pathogenic filarial worm is ???

A

Mansonella ozzardi

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12
Q

LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS Aetiologic agent(s):

______________

A

W. bancrofti

B. malayi

B. timori

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13
Q

Epidemiology

W. bancrofti: found _________

B. malayi: found _____

B. timori: small focus in _______

A

Worldwide

in Asia

Indonesia

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14
Q

Vectors:

W. bancrofti:
trans: spp. of ______________________

B. malayi
(trans: spp. of _____________)

B. timori:(trans: _____________)

A

Anopheles1; Culex1; Aedes; Mansonia

Mansonia & Aedes

Anopheles barbirostris

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15
Q

Microfilarial periodicity is dependent on the _____________

A

vector feeding time

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16
Q

Lymphatic filariasis is the Leading cause of permanent disability worldwide

T/F

A

T

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17
Q

Pathology/Clinical symptoms of lymphatic filariasis

 Broad range: vary considerably from one endemic region to another

________ in _____ or _____ lymph nodes; → ________ lymph nodes: mild fever, headache & malaise

A

inflammation

inguinal &/or axillary

deep abdominal

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18
Q

Pathology/Clinical symptoms of lymphatic filariasis

Acute attack:
can ____________
____________ around lymph nodes; → ____

A

recur many times/yr

thickening and hardening of the skin

whole limb

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19
Q

Pathology/Clinical symptoms of lymphatic filariasis

Death (adults):
•W. bancrofti: ______ and _____, inflammation of the _______ , inflammation of the _______

• B. malayi: _______ at intervals » shivers, fever, & other general symptoms

A

lymphadenitis & lymphangitis

epididymis; Testicles

lymphadenitis

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20
Q

Pathology/Clinical symptoms of lymphatic filariasis

Chronicity (10 – 15 yr):

•Swelling of the _______ (____) & urine becomes ______(_____) (W. bancrofti)

•_____(>15 million) »_______* (≈ 30% of cases)

A

Scrotum( hydrocele)

Milky white (chyluria)

lymphedema; elephantiasis

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21
Q

Pathology/Clinical symptoms of lymphatic filariasis

Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia syndrome (TPES) may occur which is characterized by :

______ infiltrations

Increased ____ often + increased Ig__ & antifilarial Abs

A

lung

eosinophilia;E

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22
Q

Pathology/Clinical symptoms of lymphatic filariasis

Brugia filariasis typified by:

•_______ of the ______ and _____

A

elephantiasis; lower leg & lower arm

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23
Q

In chronic cases of Brugia filariases, there is presence of microfilaraemia

T/F

A

F

No microfilaraemia

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24
Q

Diagnosis of lymphatic filariasis

 Microscopy

 A ________ test

 Biopsy of _________

__________ methods

A

provocation

palpable lymph nodes

Membrane filter

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25
Q

Diagnosis lymphatic filariasis
 Microscopy:

_________ samples for motile microfilaria

(Thin or Thick?) smears stained with _______

A

fresh blood

Thick; Giemsa

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26
Q

Diagnosis of lymphatic filariasis

A provocation test: by ______ of 100 mg ______:

Leading to increased _______ after ________

severe _______ in areas with mixed filariasis

A

oral administration ; DEC-C

microfilaraemia; 30 – 60 min

Mazzotti-reaction

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27
Q

Prevention & Control of lymphatic filariasis

_________

Avoid _______

______ approach

A

Vector control

vector bites

Integrated

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28
Q

Integrated approach towards preventing lymphatic filariasis includes _________________________

A

annual mass treatment + Vector control

29
Q

LOIASIS

Aetiologic agent: ____ (________ worm/ ______ filaria)

A

Loa loa

African eye

migrating

30
Q

LOIASIS

Transmission: bites of _____/____/_______/_____/______flies ( ________ silacea; C. dimidiata; C. longicornis)

A

deer/mango/mangrove/horse/ day bitting

Chrysops

31
Q

LOIASIS

Vector control limited by __________________

A

wide distribution of breeding sites

32
Q

LOIASIS

live predominantly in __________ in humans

A

subcutaneous connective tissue

33
Q

LOA LOA

Sexually mature worms characteristically ______ through all possible sites of ______

A

migrate

subcutaneous connective tissue

34
Q

LOA LOA

Pathology/Clinical symptoms
In endemic areas: most cases are ( asymptomatic or symptomatic?), save __________/________

A

asymptomatic

travellers/visitors

35
Q

LOA LOA

Pathology/Clinical symptoms

* _____/_________ swellings characterized by :

•local _______

•recurrent, (tender or non-tender?) , ____ swellings
•often on _______ and _______
•associated with localized or generalized ______

A

Calabar/Cameroon

angioedema; non-tender; allergic

forearm & near joints

itching

36
Q

LOA LOA

Adults migrate visibly:

•______
• _______ connective tissue leading to ____, severe ______, increased ______, pain, ______phobia . lasts < _____.

A

under skin

ocular

eye congestion; itching; lacrimation; photophobia

1 wk

37
Q

LOA LOA

Sequelae to visible migration : generalised : ______, _____ pain(____)

localized:_______ pains, skin ____(___), fatigue

________ disease is uncommon

A

itching, neuralgia

muscle & joint

Rash; urticaria

Chronic kidney

38
Q

When LOA LOA migrates through the occular connective tissue, there is maximal eye damage

T/F

A

F

minimal eye damage

39
Q

ONCHOCERCIASIS

Aka

__________

A

RIVER BLINDNESS

40
Q

ONCHOCERCIASIS

Aetiologic agent: ___________

A

Onchocerca volvulus

41
Q

ONCHOCERCIASIS

Transmission: _______/________ ( _______ spp.)

A

blackflies/buffalo gnats

Simulium

42
Q

Which specie of black fly is endemic in Africa: S_______ ________ complex

A

Simulium

damnosum

43
Q

ONCHOCERCIASIS

Worm surface are characterised by __________

A

annular thickenings

44
Q

Onchocerca volvulus

Worms:
grow & live in ______-like ________ tissue ________

They also _________

A

tumour-like subcutaneous connectuve tissue nodules

wander around freely

45
Q

Onchocerca volvulus

typically found in:

skin especially around ______

________ of connective Tissues

occasionally: ____,______,______

A

nodules

lymphatics

peripheral blood, urine & sputum

46
Q

Clinical symptoms/Pathology of Onchocerca volvulus

Some (asymptomatic or symptomatic?)

Many (asymptomatic or symptomatic?)

A

asymptomatic

symptomatic

47
Q

Clinical symptoms/Pathology of Onchocerca volvulus

mainly (generalised or localized?)

A

generalised

48
Q

Clinical symptoms/Pathology of Onchocerca volvulus

localized symptoms : begin with ______, transitory itchy rash » 2° inf.

Sequelae:
skin ___, oedematous swelling & lymphadenopathy
skin ______ » ______ skin ( ____areas), particularly on the ____,____,______,

Skin nodules

A

dermatitis

thickening; atrophy; leopard; depigmented

legs1, knees, shoulders

49
Q

Clinical symptoms/Pathology of Onchocerca volvulus

(Microfilaria or Adult?) enters the inner eye

A

Microfilaria

50
Q

Clinical symptoms/Pathology of Onchocerca volvulus

inner eye:
 in cornea; microfilaria _____ , leading to (mild or severe ?) eye damage [_____,________]

A

Die ; severe

corneal opacities, iritis

51
Q

Clinical symptoms/Pathology of Onchocerca volvulus

mf → inner eye:

Leads to _______: ≥ 10% of cases

52
Q

Clinical symptoms/Pathology of Onchocerca volvulus

 Severe complications:
due to long lifespan of worms

______ and _______

A

elephantiasis & dwarfism

53
Q

Clinical symptoms/Pathology of Onchocerca volvulus

Which is more

The microfilaria or the adult worms?

A

microfilaria

54
Q

In the pathology of onchocerca volvulus

Eye damage may occur before appearance of nodules

T/F

55
Q

Diagnosis of Onchocerciasis

 Microscopy of:
≥___________snip or surgically removed __________

__________ examination

A

1 bloodless skin

skin nodules

Slit-lamp eye

56
Q

The following are flukes:

  1. Schistosoma spp.
  2. Fasciola spp.
  3. Hookworms
  4. Paragonimus spp.
  5. Ascaris spp.
57
Q

The following are generally TRUE of helminths and/or the infections/diseases they cause in man:

111.There are more acute diseases than are subclinical infections

112.Most helminths are diorso-ventrally flattened

113.The nature and severity of pathology is related to the worm burden

58
Q

The following are generally TRUE of helminths and/or the infections/diseases they cause in man:
114.Most helminths multiply in man

  1. All are endoparasitic
59
Q

Human-parasitic nematodes include the following:
156.Strongyloides stercoralis 157.Necator duodenale
158. Trichuris vulpis
159. Enterobius vermicularis 160.Onchocerca volvulus

60
Q

The following are features of cestode parasites of man:
161. Proglottids
162. Halteres
163. Teeth
164. Strobila
165. Caudal bursa

61
Q

Helminths of medical importance:
a.Are all classified under four major taxonomic phyla
b.Nearly all are classified under three taxonomic phyla
c.Are always classified under five major taxonomic phyla
d.Are all classified under two major taxonomic phyla
e. Can be classified into three taxonomic phyla

62
Q

Organs of attachment in human-parasitic helminths:
a. Trematodes have only one functional sucker
b. Hooks and suckers can be found in Taenia species
c.The rostellum is found on the scolex in parasitic trematodes
d.The buccal cavity of blood-sucking nematodes may be armed with acetabulate suckers
e.Hooks and suckers may be found in parasitic nematodes

63
Q

Helminth morphology:
a. Some nematodes are leaf-shaped
b. A few cestodes are leaf-shaped
c.All platyhelminthes are hermaphroditic except the schistosomes
d. A limited number of nematodes are cylindrical
e.All platyhelminthes are dorso-ventrally flattened except the flukes

64
Q

Human-infective stage(s):
a. The human-infective stage in nematodes is nearly always the L2 larva
b. The L3 larva is the human-infective stage in platyhelminths
c. Cysticercus may be the human-infective stage in nematodes
d. Metacercariae is nearly always the human-infective stage in cestodes
e. Cercaria is always the human-infective stage in schistosomes

65
Q

Growth to adulthood in nematodes:
a. Requires one moult
b. Requires two moults
c. Requires three moults
d. Requires four moults
e. Requires five moults

66
Q

Helminthic infections of man: . a. Cannot be transmitted by intermediate hosts
b. Are sometimes transmitted by intermediate hosts
c. Are mostly transmitted by intermediate hosts
d. Are always transmitted by intermediate hosts
e. Are all transmitted by intermediate hosts

67
Q

In helminthic infections of man:
a. Humans are always the definitive hosts
b. Humans are sometimes the definitive hosts
c. Humans are mostly the definitive hosts
d. Humans are frequently the intermediate hosts
e. Humans are the only definitive hosts

68
Q

Female Filarial worms shed micro Filarial diurnally into blood

T/F

A

F

Nocturnally

69
Q

Presence of peripheral microfilaremia in TPES

T/F

House Microbiology (94 decks)

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