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House Microbiology > STH2 > Flashcards

STH2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

ENTEROBIASIS

Aetiologic agent(s):

___________ (the ____worm); identical E. gregorii (in Europe, Africa &Asia)

A

Enterobius vermicularis

Pinworm

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2
Q

ENTEROBIASIS

Epidemiology, Risk factors & Transmission

Worldwide; more common amongst ______ &their families; institutionalised persons; ____________ of infective kids; h/hold

members & close associates of __________

A

school-age children

primary caregivers ; symptomless carriers

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3
Q

Most common worm infection in USA is ???

A

ENTEROBIASIS

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4
Q

ENTEROBIASIS

Infection frequently persist for ____.

Eggs can survive (in or out?)door for ______

A

Years

Indoor; 2-3weeks

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5
Q

ENTEROBIASIS

transmission usually via*:

_________

direct contact

contaminated fomites

_______ and ______ of eggs in ____

__________

A

auto-infection

inhalation &uptake; dust

retroinfection

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6
Q

ENTEROBIASIS

______ is the only host

A

Man

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7
Q

ENTEROBIASIS: Morphology & Development

•(Small or Large?) , (thin or thick?) , ____ colored worms

(Male or Female?) :is longer with “________ tails”

(Male or Female?) : is rarely seen and shorter

A

Small; thin; white

Female ; long, pointed

Male

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8
Q

ENTEROBIASIS

> Inhabit:

_______/intestine; ________/intestine, mainly region of ________; sometimes, the _______

A

lower small

upper Iarge

ileocaecal valve

appendix

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9
Q

ENTEROBIASIS

Females oviposit (diurn or nocturn?) ally,

_____-______ eggs

A

nocturn

5,000-10,000

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10
Q

ENTEROBIASIS

> Infective _____ develop within eggs in_____ hr.

A

L3

4-6

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11
Q

ENTEROBIASIS

Human infection is by _______________

> In small intestine, L3 goes to ________

A

ingestion of infective eggs

upper part of large intestine

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12
Q

ENTEROBIASIS: Pathology/Clinical Features

•___________ gut injury

•Often symptomless but for ________________

A

No direct

itchy anal region

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13
Q

ENTEROBIASIS: Pathology/Clinical Features

Heavy inf.: » secondary ________ infection

•General symptoms:_______, insomnia, skin __________, abdominal pain, appendicitis.

•In schoolchildren: ________ and ______

• Association with enuresis?

In females : _________; rarely, ______ &peritonitis

A

bacterial

teeth grinding; irritation

restlessness & inattention

vulvovaginitis; salpingitis

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14
Q

ENTEROBIASIS

Diagnosis
> Microscopy:

eggs in __________

samples from ___________

Eggs are: (thin or thick?) -shelled; _______ color ; ______ shape , _______ on one side

A

anal smears

under fingernails

Thin; colourless

ovoid

flattened

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15
Q

ENTEROBIASIS:Diagnosis

Adult worms:

•on ————- region, ______ hr post-sleep

• in stool after __________ or effective treatments

A

peri-anal

2-3

spontaneous emergence

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16
Q

TRICHINELLOSIS Aetiologic agent(s):

_________ spp.

” Most common: T. ________

• Less common: .T ________; .T papuae; .T nativa; .T nelsoni; .T britovi

A

Trichinella

spiralis

pseudospiralis

17
Q

TRICHINELLOSIS Aetiologic agent(s):

” Most common: T. spiralis; in many carnivores & omnivores. Most commonly found in ______ worldwide

A

pigs

18
Q

TRICHINELLOSIS: Transmission

consumption of _______________from infected animals

A

raw/undercooked meat

19
Q

TRICHINELLOSIS

Primary reservoirs of infection are ______

A

rats &rodents

20
Q

TRICHINELLOSIS: Human infection

accidental consumption of meat containing __________

• larvae goes to _______ to become Adults
(1-2 d)

after I week, adult female release larvae that goes to the _________ and undergoes complete _______ (except T. ____________) in 4-5 weeks

A

Trichinella cyst

intestinal mucosa

striated skeletal muscles

encystment; pseudospiralis

21
Q

TRICHINELLOSIS

Carnivore/omnivore infecton is by feeding on infected rats & rodents or
meat from other infected animals

T/F

A

T

22
Q

Life span of trichinella small intestine is ______

A

4 weeks

23
Q

Trichinella: Pathology/Clinical Features

> Incubation period (_________) depends on infection dose &possibly, species

• Symptoms related to: infection dose

A

1-4 wk

24
Q

TRICHINELLOSIS

• Symptoms

> Very mild to severe infection

Many mild cases are ______ and look like the ——- or other infections that are self-limiting

Most mild to moderate infections are self limiting

A

asymptomatic;

25
Q

TRICHINELLOSIS: Pathology/Clinical Features

•First symptoms, Gl: = new “___________” through’ body

•1-2 wk p.i: nausea,_______ diarrhoea, vomiting, abd. pain, fever ~ can persist, ______-______

•Sequelae: ~ 2wk p.i.; can » 8 wk: headache, fever, fatigue, chills, cough, eye swelling, arthralgia, muscle pain, itchy skin, ____________,__________

• Larval _______ &tissue ______ »» eosinophilia

A

larval migration

protracted; days - wks.

diarrhea, constipation

penetration; migration

26
Q

TRICHINELLOSIS :Heavy infection

•uncoordinated movements,_______ and _______ problems;
•rarely death (from myocarditis, encephalitis &thromboembolism)
•Adults expelled spontaneously after several wks

A

heart &breathing

27
Q

TRICHURIASIS Aetiologic agent

____________ (the _____worm)

A

Trichuris trichiura

whip

28
Q

TRICHURIASIS: Morphology &Development

• Mature worm = ____-___cm

(narrow or wide?) ( anterior or posterior ?) is ______ into internal mucosa

distinct (anterior or posterior?) filled mainly by _______

A

3-5

Narrow; anterior; threaded

Posterior ; sex organs

29
Q

TRICHURIASIS

> _____________ eggs are found in faces

> Eggs __________ and become infective (days - months)

A

Unembryonated

embryonate

30
Q

TRICHURIASIS

Human infection :

ingestion of infective _____.

L3 in___________ that goes to _______

> Adults are found in the ________________________

> female shed ______-______ eggs/d

A

eggs

small intestine

large intestine/colon

ascending colon, caecum &appendix

3,000-20,000

31
Q

TRICHURIASIS

Pathology/Clinical features

Majority of infection is (light or heavy?) & (asymptomatic or symptomatic?) , save ___________

> Heavy inf. (≥______ worms):

A

Light

asymptomatic; eosinophilia

250

32
Q

TRICHURIASIS

Pathology/Clinical features

Heavy infection

Worms in ____ to _____ and vice versa

causing non-specifics: frequent ______ passage of ______ stools; hemorrhages; ___________; ______+________ ; _______ ; weakness; weight loss; abd. pain

A

colon to rectum

painful; mucopurulent loose

dysentery

diarrhoea + acrid smell

anaemia

33
Q

TRICHURIASIS

Pathology/Clinical features

Heavy infection in schoolchildren:

severe ________, growth-retardation impaired cognitive dev.
impaired nutrition

2° infection leads to higher incidence
of _____________

inflammatory change /necrosis of mucosal lining of _______ ; pronounced cellular infiltration; __________,___________,__________

A

anaemia

invasive amoebiasis

caecum

anal eczema, pruritus, urticaria

34
Q

TRICHURIASIS

complication(s):

__________________, especially in malnourished children

A

rectal prolapse

35
Q

TRICHURIASIS : Diagnosis

Microscopy (stool); eggs:

_________/_________________ color , _____-shaped; +2 _______/___________ _____________

• 49-65 × 20-29 um
.
concentration procedure is recommended in _____ infection

A

pale/dark yellow-brown; barrel

pale/colourless polar plugs

light

36
Q

TRICHURIASIS : Diagnosis

Adult worms (occasionally) in ____________:

•___________ in prolapses
•___________

A

rectal mucosa

Direct exam

Proctoscopy

House Microbiology (93 decks)

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