STH2 Flashcards
ENTEROBIASIS
Aetiologic agent(s):
___________ (the ____worm); identical E. gregorii (in Europe, Africa &Asia)
Enterobius vermicularis
Pinworm
ENTEROBIASIS
Epidemiology, Risk factors & Transmission
Worldwide; more common amongst ______ &their families; institutionalised persons; ____________ of infective kids; h/hold
members & close associates of __________
school-age children
primary caregivers ; symptomless carriers
Most common worm infection in USA is ???
ENTEROBIASIS
ENTEROBIASIS
Infection frequently persist for ____.
Eggs can survive (in or out?)door for ______
Years
Indoor; 2-3weeks
ENTEROBIASIS
transmission usually via*:
_________
direct contact
contaminated fomites
_______ and ______ of eggs in ____
__________
auto-infection
inhalation &uptake; dust
retroinfection
ENTEROBIASIS
______ is the only host
Man
ENTEROBIASIS: Morphology & Development
•(Small or Large?) , (thin or thick?) , ____ colored worms
(Male or Female?) :is longer with “________ tails”
(Male or Female?) : is rarely seen and shorter
Small; thin; white
Female ; long, pointed
Male
ENTEROBIASIS
> Inhabit:
_______/intestine; ________/intestine, mainly region of ________; sometimes, the _______
lower small
upper Iarge
ileocaecal valve
appendix
ENTEROBIASIS
Females oviposit (diurn or nocturn?) ally,
_____-______ eggs
nocturn
5,000-10,000
ENTEROBIASIS
> Infective _____ develop within eggs in_____ hr.
L3
4-6
ENTEROBIASIS
Human infection is by _______________
> In small intestine, L3 goes to ________
ingestion of infective eggs
upper part of large intestine
ENTEROBIASIS: Pathology/Clinical Features
•___________ gut injury
•Often symptomless but for ________________
No direct
itchy anal region
ENTEROBIASIS: Pathology/Clinical Features
Heavy inf.: » secondary ________ infection
•General symptoms:_______, insomnia, skin __________, abdominal pain, appendicitis.
•In schoolchildren: ________ and ______
• Association with enuresis?
In females : _________; rarely, ______ &peritonitis
bacterial
teeth grinding; irritation
restlessness & inattention
vulvovaginitis; salpingitis
ENTEROBIASIS
Diagnosis
> Microscopy:
eggs in __________
samples from ___________
Eggs are: (thin or thick?) -shelled; _______ color ; ______ shape , _______ on one side
anal smears
under fingernails
Thin; colourless
ovoid
flattened
ENTEROBIASIS:Diagnosis
Adult worms:
•on ————- region, ______ hr post-sleep
• in stool after __________ or effective treatments
peri-anal
2-3
spontaneous emergence
TRICHINELLOSIS Aetiologic agent(s):
_________ spp.
” Most common: T. ________
• Less common: .T ________; .T papuae; .T nativa; .T nelsoni; .T britovi
Trichinella
spiralis
pseudospiralis
TRICHINELLOSIS Aetiologic agent(s):
” Most common: T. spiralis; in many carnivores & omnivores. Most commonly found in ______ worldwide
pigs
TRICHINELLOSIS: Transmission
consumption of _______________from infected animals
raw/undercooked meat
TRICHINELLOSIS
Primary reservoirs of infection are ______
rats &rodents
TRICHINELLOSIS: Human infection
accidental consumption of meat containing __________
• larvae goes to _______ to become Adults
(1-2 d)
after I week, adult female release larvae that goes to the _________ and undergoes complete _______ (except T. ____________) in 4-5 weeks
Trichinella cyst
intestinal mucosa
striated skeletal muscles
encystment; pseudospiralis
TRICHINELLOSIS
Carnivore/omnivore infecton is by feeding on infected rats & rodents or
meat from other infected animals
T/F
T
Life span of trichinella small intestine is ______
4 weeks
Trichinella: Pathology/Clinical Features
> Incubation period (_________) depends on infection dose &possibly, species
• Symptoms related to: infection dose
1-4 wk
TRICHINELLOSIS
• Symptoms
> Very mild to severe infection
Many mild cases are ______ and look like the ——- or other infections that are self-limiting
Most mild to moderate infections are self limiting
asymptomatic;
TRICHINELLOSIS: Pathology/Clinical Features
•First symptoms, Gl: = new “___________” through’ body
•1-2 wk p.i: nausea,_______ diarrhoea, vomiting, abd. pain, fever ~ can persist, ______-______
•Sequelae: ~ 2wk p.i.; can » 8 wk: headache, fever, fatigue, chills, cough, eye swelling, arthralgia, muscle pain, itchy skin, ____________,__________
• Larval _______ &tissue ______ »» eosinophilia
larval migration
protracted; days - wks.
diarrhea, constipation
penetration; migration
TRICHINELLOSIS :Heavy infection
•uncoordinated movements,_______ and _______ problems;
•rarely death (from myocarditis, encephalitis &thromboembolism)
•Adults expelled spontaneously after several wks
heart &breathing
TRICHURIASIS Aetiologic agent
____________ (the _____worm)
Trichuris trichiura
whip
TRICHURIASIS: Morphology &Development
• Mature worm = ____-___cm
(narrow or wide?) ( anterior or posterior ?) is ______ into internal mucosa
distinct (anterior or posterior?) filled mainly by _______
3-5
Narrow; anterior; threaded
Posterior ; sex organs
TRICHURIASIS
> _____________ eggs are found in faces
> Eggs __________ and become infective (days - months)
Unembryonated
embryonate
TRICHURIASIS
Human infection :
ingestion of infective _____.
L3 in___________ that goes to _______
> Adults are found in the ________________________
> female shed ______-______ eggs/d
eggs
small intestine
large intestine/colon
ascending colon, caecum &appendix
3,000-20,000
TRICHURIASIS
Pathology/Clinical features
Majority of infection is (light or heavy?) & (asymptomatic or symptomatic?) , save ___________
> Heavy inf. (≥______ worms):
Light
asymptomatic; eosinophilia
250
TRICHURIASIS
Pathology/Clinical features
Heavy infection
Worms in ____ to _____ and vice versa
causing non-specifics: frequent ______ passage of ______ stools; hemorrhages; ___________; ______+________ ; _______ ; weakness; weight loss; abd. pain
colon to rectum
painful; mucopurulent loose
dysentery
diarrhoea + acrid smell
anaemia
TRICHURIASIS
Pathology/Clinical features
Heavy infection in schoolchildren:
severe ________, growth-retardation impaired cognitive dev.
impaired nutrition
2° infection leads to higher incidence
of _____________
inflammatory change /necrosis of mucosal lining of _______ ; pronounced cellular infiltration; __________,___________,__________
anaemia
invasive amoebiasis
caecum
anal eczema, pruritus, urticaria
TRICHURIASIS
complication(s):
__________________, especially in malnourished children
rectal prolapse
TRICHURIASIS : Diagnosis
Microscopy (stool); eggs:
_________/_________________ color , _____-shaped; +2 _______/___________ _____________
• 49-65 × 20-29 um
.
concentration procedure is recommended in _____ infection
pale/dark yellow-brown; barrel
pale/colourless polar plugs
light
TRICHURIASIS : Diagnosis
Adult worms (occasionally) in ____________:
•___________ in prolapses
•___________
rectal mucosa
Direct exam
Proctoscopy
