STH2 Flashcards by Iseoluwa Ojo

ENTEROBIASIS

Aetiologic agent(s):

___________ (the ____worm); identical E. gregorii (in Europe, Africa &Asia)

Enterobius vermicularis

Pinworm

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ENTEROBIASIS

Epidemiology, Risk factors & Transmission

Worldwide; more common amongst ______ &their families; institutionalised persons; ____________ of infective kids; h/hold

members & close associates of __________

school-age children

primary caregivers ; symptomless carriers

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Most common worm infection in USA is ???

ENTEROBIASIS

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ENTEROBIASIS

Infection frequently persist for ____.

Eggs can survive (in or out?)door for ______

Years

Indoor; 2-3weeks

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ENTEROBIASIS

transmission usually via*:

_________

direct contact

contaminated fomites

_______ and ______ of eggs in ____

__________

auto-infection

inhalation &uptake; dust

retroinfection

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ENTEROBIASIS

______ is the only host

Man

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ENTEROBIASIS: Morphology & Development

•(Small or Large?) , (thin or thick?) , ____ colored worms

(Male or Female?) :is longer with “________ tails”

(Male or Female?) : is rarely seen and shorter

Small; thin; white

Female ; long, pointed

Male

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ENTEROBIASIS

> Inhabit:

_______/intestine; ________/intestine, mainly region of ________; sometimes, the _______

lower small

upper Iarge

ileocaecal valve

appendix

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ENTEROBIASIS

Females oviposit (diurn or nocturn?) ally,

_____-______ eggs

nocturn

5,000-10,000

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ENTEROBIASIS

> Infective _____ develop within eggs in_____ hr.

4-6

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ENTEROBIASIS

Human infection is by _______________

> In small intestine, L3 goes to ________

ingestion of infective eggs

upper part of large intestine

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ENTEROBIASIS: Pathology/Clinical Features

•___________ gut injury

•Often symptomless but for ________________

No direct

itchy anal region

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ENTEROBIASIS: Pathology/Clinical Features

Heavy inf.: » secondary ________ infection

•General symptoms:_______, insomnia, skin __________, abdominal pain, appendicitis.

•In schoolchildren: ________ and ______

• Association with enuresis?

In females : _________; rarely, ______ &peritonitis

bacterial

teeth grinding; irritation

restlessness & inattention

vulvovaginitis; salpingitis

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ENTEROBIASIS

Diagnosis
> Microscopy:

eggs in __________

samples from ___________

Eggs are: (thin or thick?) -shelled; _______ color ; ______ shape , _______ on one side

anal smears

under fingernails

Thin; colourless

ovoid

flattened

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ENTEROBIASIS:Diagnosis

Adult worms:

•on ————- region, ______ hr post-sleep

• in stool after __________ or effective treatments

peri-anal

2-3

spontaneous emergence

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TRICHINELLOSIS Aetiologic agent(s):

_________ spp.

” Most common: T. ________

• Less common: .T ________; .T papuae; .T nativa; .T nelsoni; .T britovi

Trichinella

spiralis

pseudospiralis

TRICHINELLOSIS Aetiologic agent(s):

” Most common: T. spiralis; in many carnivores & omnivores. Most commonly found in ______ worldwide

pigs

TRICHINELLOSIS: Transmission

consumption of _______________from infected animals

raw/undercooked meat

TRICHINELLOSIS

Primary reservoirs of infection are ______

rats &rodents

TRICHINELLOSIS: Human infection

accidental consumption of meat containing __________

• larvae goes to _______ to become Adults
(1-2 d)

after I week, adult female release larvae that goes to the _________ and undergoes complete _______ (except T. ____________) in 4-5 weeks

Trichinella cyst

intestinal mucosa

striated skeletal muscles

encystment; pseudospiralis

TRICHINELLOSIS

Carnivore/omnivore infecton is by feeding on infected rats & rodents or
meat from other infected animals

T/F

Life span of trichinella small intestine is ______

4 weeks

Trichinella: Pathology/Clinical Features

> Incubation period (_________) depends on infection dose &possibly, species

• Symptoms related to: infection dose

1-4 wk

TRICHINELLOSIS

• Symptoms

> Very mild to severe infection

Many mild cases are ______ and look like the ——- or other infections that are self-limiting

Most mild to moderate infections are self limiting

asymptomatic;

TRICHINELLOSIS: Pathology/Clinical Features •First symptoms, Gl: = new "___________" through' body •1-2 wk p.i: nausea,_______ diarrhoea, vomiting, abd. pain, fever ~ can persist, ______-______ •Sequelae: ~ 2wk p.i.; can » 8 wk: headache, fever, fatigue, chills, cough, eye swelling, arthralgia, muscle pain, itchy skin, ____________,__________ • Larval _______ &tissue ______ »» eosinophilia

larval migration protracted; days - wks. diarrhea, constipation penetration; migration

TRICHINELLOSIS :Heavy infection •uncoordinated movements,_______ and _______ problems; •rarely death (from myocarditis, encephalitis &thromboembolism) •Adults expelled spontaneously after several wks

heart &breathing

TRICHURIASIS Aetiologic agent ____________ (the _____worm)

Trichuris trichiura whip

TRICHURIASIS: Morphology &Development • Mature worm = ____-___cm (narrow or wide?) ( anterior or posterior ?) is ______ into internal mucosa distinct (anterior or posterior?) filled mainly by _______

3-5 Narrow; anterior; threaded Posterior ; sex organs

TRICHURIASIS >_____________ eggs are found in faces > Eggs __________ and become infective (days - months)

Unembryonated embryonate

TRICHURIASIS Human infection : ingestion of infective _____. L3 in___________ that goes to _______ > Adults are found in the ________________________ > female shed ______-______ eggs/d

eggs small intestine large intestine/colon ascending colon, caecum &appendix 3,000-20,000

TRICHURIASIS Pathology/Clinical features Majority of infection is (light or heavy?) & (asymptomatic or symptomatic?) , save ___________ > Heavy inf. (≥______ worms):

Light asymptomatic; eosinophilia 250

TRICHURIASIS Pathology/Clinical features Heavy infection Worms in ____ to _____ and vice versa causing non-specifics: frequent ______ passage of ______ stools; hemorrhages; ___________; ______+________ ; _______ ; weakness; weight loss; abd. pain

colon to rectum painful; mucopurulent loose dysentery diarrhoea + acrid smell anaemia

TRICHURIASIS Pathology/Clinical features Heavy infection in schoolchildren: severe ________, growth-retardation impaired cognitive dev. impaired nutrition 2° infection leads to higher incidence of _____________ inflammatory change /necrosis of mucosal lining of _______ ; pronounced cellular infiltration; __________,___________,__________

anaemia invasive amoebiasis caecum anal eczema, pruritus, urticaria

TRICHURIASIS complication(s): __________________, especially in malnourished children

rectal prolapse

TRICHURIASIS : Diagnosis Microscopy (stool); eggs: _________/_________________ color , _____-shaped; +2 _______/___________ _____________ • 49-65 × 20-29 um . concentration procedure is recommended in _____ infection

pale/dark yellow-brown; barrel pale/colourless polar plugs light

TRICHURIASIS : Diagnosis Adult worms (occasionally) in ____________: •___________ in prolapses •___________

rectal mucosa Direct exam Proctoscopy