Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

House Microbiology > Anti-fungal Agents > Flashcards

Anti-fungal Agents Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Mode of action of some antifungal agents

Amphotericin B binds to _____ creating ____

Azoles inhibits _________ in the fungal cell

5FC converts to ______ , incorporated into ____, _______

A

plasma membrane ; pores

cytochrome P450 enzymes

5FU; RNA; abnormal proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Mode of action of some anti fungal agents

Griseofulvin binds _____ proteins, inhibiting ______

Terbinafine is ________ inhibitor useful for ___________

Echinocandins target their action on ______

A

microtubule; cell wall synthesis

an ergosterol ; systemic mycosis

fungal cell wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Drugs for systemic fungal infections

Polyene antibiotics
-__________
Pyrimidine antimetabolites
-_______
Antifungal azoles
-_______
-________
-______
Echinocandins
______,______, and _______

A

Amphotericin B

Flucytosine

Ketoconazole, Fluconazole, Itraconazole

Caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Drugs for superficial fungal infections

Systemic drugs
-_______
-_______

Topical drugs
-_______
-______
-_______
-Azoles (______,_____,_____, etc.)

A

Griseofulvin; Iodide

Nystatin; Haloprogin; Tolnaftate

miconazole, econazole, clotrimazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Polyenes

are produced from _______

are _______ molecules

Are ______ spectrum

Examples include ____,____,____,____

A

Streptomyces

Cyclic molecules

Broad spectrum

Natamycin
Nystatin
Amphotericin B
Mepartricin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

PHARMACOLOGY OF AMPHOTERICIN B
Chemistry

-Amphotericin B is a _____ antibiotic

Mechanism of action
-Binding to ________ present in the membranes of fungal cells leading to Formation of “ ______ ” in the membrane, Leading to ________________ from the cells

A

polyene

ergosterol

pores

leaking of small molecules (mainly K+)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

polyene: containing _____________

A

many double bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The ultimate effect of amphotericin B is fungistatic?

A

may be fungicidal or fungistatic depending on the organism and on drug concentration.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Antifungal spectrum and resistance of amphotericin B

-Antifungal spectrum includes:
LOL!

Resistance ?

A

Histoplasma capsulatus Coccidioides immitis Paracoccidioidoides braziliensis Aspergillus fumigatus Blastomyces dermatitidis Cryptococcus neoformans Candida albicans
Sporothrix schenckii
Mucor and Rhizopus spp

may occur but is very rare

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The TI of Amphotericin B is (wide or narrow?)

A

Very narrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Adverse effects of Amphotericin B

-Headache, ________ , nausea and vomiting fever and chills, hyperpnea, ____________ (they may appear during IV infusion and may be reduced by concomitant administration of ______ or _______ )
-Malaise, weight loss
-__________
-_______ anemia, likely due to ___________

-_____________
-Delirium, seizures (after intrathecal injection)

A

arthralgias

shock-like fall in blood pressure; antipyretics or meperidine

Nephrotoxicity

Normocytic; decreased production of
erythropoietin (frequent)

Thrombophlebitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Amphotericin is the drug of choice for:

-Disseminated _______
-Disseminated and meningeal ______ -Disseminated and meningeal _______
-______
-________
-Mucormycosis

A

histoplasmosis; coccidioidomycosis; cryptococcosis

Invasive aspergillosis

Deep candidiasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Amphotericin is an alternative drug for:
- ________
-______________
-Extracutaneous _______

[Amphotericin is preferred when these mycoses are ________, occur in _____ host or involve the _____]

A

Blastomycosis

Paracoccidioidomycosis

sporotrichosis

rapidly progressive; immunocompromised; CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Azole Derivatives

A chemical ______ structure with ___ nitrogen atoms

Water (soluble or insoluble?) except ______

Preferentially inhibit _________

Fungi(static or cidal?)

A

pentacyclic; 2

Insoluble; fluconazole

cytochrome P450 enzymes

static

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

fluconazole

Water soluble or insoluble

A

Soluble

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Azole derivatives

First generation Imidazoles:
_______ and ______

A

Clotrimazole & Miconazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Clotrimazole

requires (low or high ?) doses

(Well or Poorly?) tolerated

A

High

Poorly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Parenteral dosages no longer available for _____azole

A

Micon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

CYP is vital to the formation of _____ and _____

A

cholesterol & steroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Third generation azoles

Triazole derivatives (contain _____ nitrogen atoms)

A

three

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Third generation azoles
Triazole derivatives

List 5!!

A

Fluconazole
Itraconazole
Voriconazole
Posaconazole
Revuconazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Triazoles have a Satisfactory tolerability

T/F

A

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Triazoles are not Suitable for systemic use

T/F

A

F

24
Q

PHARMACOLOGY OF ANTIFUNGAL AZOLES

Chemistry
-Imidazole derivatives: ____,____,____,_____

-Triazole derivatives: _____,____

A

ketoconazole, miconazole, econazole,
clotrimazole

itraconazole, fluconazole.

25
Q

PHARMACOLOGY OF ANTIFUNGAL AZOLES

Mechanism of action
-Inhibition of __________________ , a ________-dependent enzyme (has relative selectivity occurs because the affinity for ________ isozymes is less than that for the ______ isozyme)

A

sterol 14-alpha-demethylase

cytochrome P450

mammalian P450 ; fungal

26
Q

Mechanism of action of azoles is to block the ______ of _____ in fungal cell membranes

The ultimate effect may be _____ or ______ depending on _______ and _____

A

Synthesis of ergosterol

fungicidal or fungistatic

the organism and on drug concentration.

27
Q

____azole has been extensively used for yeast infections

A

Flucon

28
Q

Fluconazole is Useful for systemic infections

T/F

A

T

29
Q

Absorption of Fluconazole??

Distribution of Fluconazole

A

It is readily and completely absorbed by gastrointestinal tract

Distributed equally in different organs and tissue

30
Q

_________ is Intrinsically resistant to fluconazole

A

Candida krusei

31
Q

_______azole is used to treat aspergillus infections

A

Itracon

32
Q

Itraconazole is not Entirely metabolized in the liver

T/F

A

F

It is

33
Q

Voriconazole

is a modified _____
A _____ spectrum antifungal agent

_____ absorption after oral administration
Distributes in tissues and body fluids

Metabolized in the ____
Eliminated in the ______ in _____ form

A

fluconazole

broad

Rapid

liver

urine in unchanged

34
Q

Azoles carry some side effects

_________,__________, and _______

______,________ and other hypersensitivity

A

Hepatotoxicity, gastrointestinal and endocrine toxicity

Skin rash, pruritis

35
Q

Cross-resistance between azoles is rare

T/F

A

F

Cross-resistance between azoles is a common finding.

36
Q

Azoles may inhibit certain mammalian cytochrome P450 isozymes and therefore they may
1) inhibit the synthesis of _______ and ———
2) ______ the effects of several drugs including cyclosporine,
phenytoin, terfenadine, astemizole, tolbutamide and warfarin.

A

androgens and of corticosteroids

potentiate

37
Q

Newest class of antifungal agents are the _________

A

Echinocandins

38
Q

Echinocandins

Route of administration: ____________

Mechanism of action: inhibiting ___________

A

Intravenous

the synthesis of (1–3)-glucan

39
Q

Echinocandins are (poorly or Well?) tolerated

A

Well

40
Q

Examples of Echinocandins

List 3

A

Caspofungin Micafungin Anidulafungin

41
Q

Caspofungin

synthesized from _________

A

Glarea lozyensis

42
Q

Caspofungin

is natural , semisynthetic or synthetic?

A

semisynthetic

43
Q

Caspofungin

Appearance is ________, _________ soluble, fungi(static or cidal?)

A

Whitish powder

water & methanol

cidal

44
Q

Caspofungin is Fungicidal against, ______,____, and ______

A

Aspergilli, Candida and P. carinii

45
Q

Presence of cross resistance to Caspofungin amongst strains resistant to Ampho B or azoles

T/F

A

F

No cross resistance

46
Q

Caspofungin is fungicidal against Cryptococcus neoformans, Fusarium & Rhizopus

T/F

A

F

No activity against Cryptococcus neoformans, Fusarium & Rhizopus

47
Q

Caspofungin is Effective against Pneumocystis carinii

T/F

A

T

48
Q

Micafungin and Anidulafungin are widespread

T/F

A

F

Micafungin and Anidulafungin – are under investigation

49
Q

Terbinafine

Has _______ and _____ administrations

Terbinafine inhibits _________

A

Oral and topical (cream) formulations

ergosterol biosynthesis

50
Q

Terbinafine belongs to _______, synthetic, highly lipo____

A

allylamines

philic

51
Q

Terbinafine

Used to treat _____ mycosis but Also useful against _____ mycosis (yeast & other fungi)

A

superficial

systemic

52
Q

Adverse reactions to terbinafine are in general _________ and _____

A

transient and mild

53
Q

Based on one video, antifungal agents can be divided into 5

List them

A

Antibiotics
Azoles
Antimetabolites
Allylamines
Topical agents

54
Q

List the antibiotics antifungal agents

A

Polyenes
Echinocandins
Heterocyclic benzofurun

55
Q

Hamycin is a ______

A

Polyene

56
Q

Examples of antimetabolites anti fungal agents?

A

Flucytosine

57
Q

The only systemic imidazole is??

Rest are ??

A

Ketoconazole

Topical

House Microbiology (93 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions