Prevention Of Viral Vaccine Flashcards
Two Types of Immunization
________ immunization and ______ immunization
Passive; Active
Passive Immunization
• Methods of acquisition include ______,_____,_______
• Protection that is ______ from _____ or ____
natural maternal antibodies, antitoxins, and immune globulins
transferred
another person or animal
Active Immunization
• Methods of acquisition include ______,_______, and ________
• Relatively (temporary or permanent?)
natural infection, vaccines (many types), and toxoids
permanent
Active Immunization
• Natural Infection with ______ or artificial acquisition (______)
• Both stimulate the proliferation of ____ cells, resulting in the formation of _____ and _____ cells
microorganism; vaccine; T and B ; effector and memory
The formation of ________ is the basis for the relatively (temporary or permanent?) effects of vaccinations
memory cells ; permanent
Effectiveness of Vaccinations
• (Small or large?) percentage of recipients will respond poorly due to factors such as _____ determinants
•______ Immunity: Majority of population is immune, so chance of susceptible individual contacting infected individual is low. Eg in _______ Epidemic
Small
genetic
Herd
Measles
Development of Vaccines
Multiple factors affect decisions when making vaccines
1. Activation of _______ of immune system
2. Development of __________
specific branch
immunological memory
Development of Vaccines
Common misconception that ____________ results in protective immunity
activation of the immune system
Role of Memory Cells
Short Incubation Periods
• example is _______
• Symptoms are _____ by the time memory cells are activated
•____ immunizations with _____ antibodies
Influenza
already under way
Repeated; neutralizing
Role of Memory Cells
Depends on __________ of pathogen
incubation period
Role of memory cells
Long Incubation Periods
• example is _______
•_____ time to allow memory B cells to respond
Poliovirus
Enough
Types of Vaccines
•____________
•_________
•___
•______
•______ Subunit
Whole-Organism
Purified Macromolecules
DNA; Synthetic Peptide; Multivalent
Types of Vaccines
Whole-Organism which could either be ______ or _____
Attenuated
inactivated
Types of Vaccines
Purified Macromolecules such as ___,_____,____,___
Polysaccharide, Toxoid, Recombinant Antigen, Recombinant-Vector
Attenuated Viral or Bacterial Vaccines
• Attenuation – to reduce in force, value, amount, or degree; weaken
• Achieved by ___________________
• eg ________________ for tuberculosis and leprosy
• Act as a double edged sword, as they have distinct advantages and disadvantages…
growth under abnormal culture conditions
Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG)
