Bacterial Pneumoniae Flashcards
Typical symptoms of pneumonia
______ pain
_______ of _____
a _____ that may produce _____ or ______
Fever
Weakness
chills
chest
shortness of breath
a cough ; yellow or green mucus
Causative bacteria
Most bacteria resident in ______ can spread to the lungs to cause infection
__________
___________
__________
____________
throat
S. pneumoniae
H. influenzae
S. aureus
S. pyogenes
Causative organisms
Gram ________ bacteria in immunosuppressed patients
negative
Causative organisms
Atypical organisms
___________
______________
_____________
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Chlamydia pneumoniae
Legionella pneumophila
Causative organisms
The commonest bacterium in pneumonia is _____________ followed by _____________
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenzae
S. pneumoniae
Normal flora of the _____
______ haemolytic
Gram ________ diplococci
URT
Alpha
positive
S. pneumoniae
Causes pneumonia, sinusitis, otitis, bronchitis, bacteremia, meningitis
T/F
T
S. pneumoniae
Gram positive ________
Colonies lyse in _______ or ________
diplococci
ox bile or Sodium deoxycholate
S. pneumoniae
Resistant to optochin
T/F
F
Sensitive to optochin
Bacterial pneumonia
Pathogenicity - factors
•_______ or _______
•Abnormal circulatory dynamics: _________,________
•Other mechanisms: _________, ———- anaemia, debility, hypo_____, ________
Alcohol or drug intoxication
Pulmonary congestion, heart failure
Malnutrition; sickle cell
splenism; nephrosis
S. pneumoniae- pathogenicity
Ability to ___________
_________ prevents ingestion by ________
multiply in tissues
Capsule; phagocytosis
S. pneumoniae- pathogenicity
Some factors predispose to disease
Abnormality of the respiratory tract caused by
•_______ infection
•_________
•respiratory tract _______ due to ______
Viral infection
Bronchial obstruction
Injury; irritants
S. pneumoniae
____________ permits typing with specific antisera
Capsular polysaccharide
S. pneumoniae
Capsular polysaccharide is distinct for more than _____ types
80
S. pneumoniae
When mixed with specific _______________ of ____ type or ______ antiserum, the capsule _____
antipolysaccharide serum
same; polyvalent
swells
S. pneumoniae
Quellung reaction useful for ________ and _________ of the organism in sputum or culture
rapid identification and typing
Diagnostic lab tests for S.Pneumoniae
Specimens –________,_______
Gram stain
Quellung test (________ test) –useful for _____
Culture – _____ agar
sputum, blood
capsule swelling; rapid ID
blood
Diagnostic lab tests for S.pneumoniae
________ test (capsule swelling test)
Culture –blood agar
_______ test
__________ test
Quellung
Optochin; Bile solubility
S. pneumoniae -antibiotics
•_________
• __________
• _________
•__________
Penicillin G
Cephalosporins
Erythromycin
Quinolones
S. pneumoniae -antibiotics
Penicillin G
———-
• Cephalosporins
_________,_________
• Erythromycin
Quinolones
PRSP
Ceftriaxone, ceftazidime
Haemophilus influenzae
One of the ____bacteria
Gram ________
(Bacillus or Coccus?)
Parvo
negative
coccobacilli
Haemophilus influenzae
Motile or Non-motile
Non-motile
Haemophilus influenzae Is not pleomorphic
T/F
F
It is
Species of Haemophilus
H._________
H._______
H.__________
H.____________
iDAP
influenzae
ducreyi
aegyptius
parahaemolyticus
H. influenzae
Capsulated or Non-capsulated?
___ types (_____-____)
Capsulated
6
A-F
H. influenzae
Type ___ responsible for >90% of infections
Requires ___ and _____ factors
b
X and V
H. influenzae
X - _________,
V – ______________________________
haemin
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
________ differentiates H. influenzae from other species
Requirement of factor X and V
H. influenzae
Diseases in children ____ to ________
5 months to 5 years
Lab detection of Haemophilus influenzae
Gram reaction – Gram ______ ———- _____
Culture – _______ agar (contains ____ and ___ )
negative pleomorphic coccobacilli
chocolate; X & V
Lab detection of Haemophilus influenzae
Further identification tests – rely on __________ for ______________
requirement for X & V factors
Lab detection of Haemophilus influenzae
Further identification tests
_________ agar with discs containing X & V factors
__________
Mueller- Hinton
Satelitism
Satellitism
————— produces ____ as a metabolic by product which diffuses into the surrounding medium and enhances growth of _______ in the proximity of the __________
_____ agar provides _____
The phenomenon is known as Satellitism.
Staphylococcus aureus ; NAD
Haemophilus; Staphylococcus colony.
Blood; hemin
Haemophilus influenzae
Treatment – __________,___________
Prevention – ____________(______) vaccine
ampicillin, chloramphenicol
polysaccharide protein (conjugate)
___________ was documented as very valuable in the initial evaluation of bacterial pneumonia.
Gram staining
___________ tests especially ____________ canhelp rule out viral infections.
Antigen detection
immunofluorescence
Bacterial infections of the _____ respiratory tract system are less common than those of the _____ system.
lower
upper
Organisms are usually stopped by the body defenses at the portal of entry.
T/F
T
___RTIs are generally much more serious.
L
Pneumonia –________ disease of the lung in which ______________
Transmission is from ____________ via __________
inflammatory
fluid fills the alveoli.
person to person
respiratory droplets.
ROUTES OF INFECTION
_________ ~ ________ secretions
Microaspiration; oropharyngeal
Gross aspiration
Haematogenous
Aerosolization
ROUTES OF INFECTION
_____________ ~ Most common route
Microaspiration
Gross
Haematogenous
Classifications
Based on pathology
–_____ pneumonia
– ______pneumonia
–_______ pneumonia
– ______ pneumonia
Lobar
Broncho
Interstitial
Militar
___________________ (VAP)
Ventilator associated pneumonia
It is considered a Nosocomial pneumonia if the patient gets it after staying in the hospital for ??
Atleast 48 hours
It is considered a Ventilator associated pneumonia if the patient gets it after being under a ventilator for ??
Atleast 48 hours
Community – Acquired (Acute Typical Pneumonia)
List 6
Streptococcus pneumonia
Haemophilus influenza
Moraxella catarrhalis
Staphylococcus aureus
Legionella pneumophilia Enterobacteriaceae (klebsiella sp.)
Pneumococcal pneumonia
Pneumococci are an important cause of pneumonia.
T/F
T
Pneumococcal pneumonia
It accounts for about for high incidence in children younger than _____ and adults older than _____
M
2 years
65 years.
Pneumococcal pneumonia
Mortality is highest in (younger or older ?) (children or adults.?)
Older
Adults
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Gram ———-
——— shaped
_______ arranged in pairs
positive
lancet
diplococci
Treatment of S.pneumoniae
_____ generation _______ especially for resistant strains.
3rd
cephalosporin
Pneumococcal vaccine
____ vaccines protection against invasive pneumococcal infection.
Two
Pneumococcal vaccine
Two vaccines protection against invasive pneumococcal infection.
Pneumococcal ____________ vaccine (PCV ___), ___ capsular serotypes for ______.
____________________ vaccine (PPSV____) for _______.
polysaccharide protein conjugate ; 13; 13
children
23-valent polysaccharide; 23; adults
Klebsiella pneumoniae
cause of primary pneumonia in ____ people that are already _____________
older
suffering from other illnesses such as chronic bronchitis, diabetes, alcoholism, COPD.
