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House Microbiology > Bacterial Pneumoniae > Flashcards

Bacterial Pneumoniae Flashcards

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1
Q

Typical symptoms of pneumonia

______ pain
_______ of _____

a _____ that may produce _____ or ______

Fever
Weakness
chills

A

chest

shortness of breath

a cough ; yellow or green mucus

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2
Q

Causative bacteria

Most bacteria resident in ______ can spread to the lungs to cause infection

__________
___________
__________
____________

A

throat

S. pneumoniae
H. influenzae
S. aureus
S. pyogenes

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3
Q

Causative organisms

Gram ________ bacteria in immunosuppressed patients

A

negative

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4
Q

Causative organisms

Atypical organisms

___________
______________
_____________

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Chlamydia pneumoniae
Legionella pneumophila

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5
Q

Causative organisms

The commonest bacterium in pneumonia is _____________ followed by _____________

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Haemophilus influenzae

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6
Q

S. pneumoniae

Normal flora of the _____

______ haemolytic

Gram ________ diplococci

A

URT

Alpha

positive

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7
Q

S. pneumoniae

Causes pneumonia, sinusitis, otitis, bronchitis, bacteremia, meningitis

T/F

A

T

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8
Q

S. pneumoniae

Gram positive ________

Colonies lyse in _______ or ________

A

diplococci

ox bile or Sodium deoxycholate

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9
Q

S. pneumoniae

Resistant to optochin

T/F

A

F

Sensitive to optochin

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10
Q

Bacterial pneumonia

Pathogenicity - factors

•_______ or _______

•Abnormal circulatory dynamics: _________,________

•Other mechanisms: _________, ———- anaemia, debility, hypo_____, ________

A

Alcohol or drug intoxication

Pulmonary congestion, heart failure

Malnutrition; sickle cell

splenism; nephrosis

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11
Q

S. pneumoniae- pathogenicity

Ability to ___________

_________ prevents ingestion by ________

A

multiply in tissues

Capsule; phagocytosis

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12
Q

S. pneumoniae- pathogenicity

Some factors predispose to disease

Abnormality of the respiratory tract caused by
•_______ infection
•_________
•respiratory tract _______ due to ______

A

Viral infection

Bronchial obstruction

Injury; irritants

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13
Q

S. pneumoniae

____________ permits typing with specific antisera

A

Capsular polysaccharide

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14
Q

S. pneumoniae

Capsular polysaccharide is distinct for more than _____ types

A

80

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15
Q

S. pneumoniae

When mixed with specific _______________ of ____ type or ______ antiserum, the capsule _____

A

antipolysaccharide serum

same; polyvalent

swells

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16
Q

S. pneumoniae

Quellung reaction useful for ________ and _________ of the organism in sputum or culture

A

rapid identification and typing

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17
Q

Diagnostic lab tests for S.Pneumoniae

Specimens –________,_______
Gram stain

Quellung test (________ test) –useful for _____
Culture – _____ agar

A

sputum, blood

capsule swelling; rapid ID

blood

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18
Q

Diagnostic lab tests for S.pneumoniae

________ test (capsule swelling test)

Culture –blood agar
_______ test
__________ test

A

Quellung

Optochin; Bile solubility

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19
Q

S. pneumoniae -antibiotics

•_________

• __________

• _________

•__________

A

Penicillin G

Cephalosporins

Erythromycin

Quinolones

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20
Q

S. pneumoniae -antibiotics

Penicillin G
———-

• Cephalosporins
_________,_________

• Erythromycin

Quinolones

A

PRSP

Ceftriaxone, ceftazidime

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21
Q

Haemophilus influenzae

One of the ____bacteria

Gram ________

(Bacillus or Coccus?)

A

Parvo

negative

coccobacilli

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22
Q

Haemophilus influenzae

Motile or Non-motile

A

Non-motile

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23
Q

Haemophilus influenzae Is not pleomorphic

T/F

A

F

It is

24
Q

Species of Haemophilus

H._________
H._______
H.__________
H.____________

A

iDAP

influenzae

ducreyi

aegyptius

parahaemolyticus

25
Q

H. influenzae

Capsulated or Non-capsulated?

___ types (_____-____)

A

Capsulated

6

A-F

26
Q

H. influenzae

Type ___ responsible for >90% of infections

Requires ___ and _____ factors

A

b

X and V

27
Q

H. influenzae

X - _________,
V – ______________________________

A

haemin

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

28
Q

________ differentiates H. influenzae from other species

A

Requirement of factor X and V

29
Q

H. influenzae

Diseases in children ____ to ________

A

5 months to 5 years

30
Q

Lab detection of Haemophilus influenzae

Gram reaction – Gram ______ ———- _____

Culture – _______ agar (contains ____ and ___ )

A

negative pleomorphic coccobacilli

chocolate; X & V

31
Q

Lab detection of Haemophilus influenzae

Further identification tests – rely on __________ for ______________

A

requirement for X & V factors

32
Q

Lab detection of Haemophilus influenzae

Further identification tests

_________ agar with discs containing X & V factors

__________

A

Mueller- Hinton

Satelitism

33
Q

Satellitism

————— produces ____ as a metabolic by product which diffuses into the surrounding medium and enhances growth of _______ in the proximity of the __________

_____ agar provides _____
The phenomenon is known as Satellitism.

A

Staphylococcus aureus ; NAD

Haemophilus; Staphylococcus colony.

Blood; hemin

34
Q

Haemophilus influenzae

Treatment – __________,___________

Prevention – ____________(______) vaccine

A

ampicillin, chloramphenicol

polysaccharide protein (conjugate)

35
Q

___________ was documented as very valuable in the initial evaluation of bacterial pneumonia.

A

Gram staining

36
Q

___________ tests especially ____________ canhelp rule out viral infections.

A

Antigen detection

immunofluorescence

37
Q

Bacterial infections of the _____ respiratory tract system are less common than those of the _____ system.

A

lower

upper

38
Q

Organisms are usually stopped by the body defenses at the portal of entry.

T/F

A

T

39
Q

___RTIs are generally much more serious.

A

L

40
Q

Pneumonia –________ disease of the lung in which ______________

Transmission is from ____________ via __________

A

inflammatory

fluid fills the alveoli.

person to person

respiratory droplets.

41
Q

ROUTES OF INFECTION

_________ ~ ________ secretions

A

Microaspiration; oropharyngeal

Gross aspiration

Haematogenous

Aerosolization

42
Q

ROUTES OF INFECTION

_____________ ~ Most common route

A

Microaspiration

Gross

Haematogenous

43
Q

Classifications
Based on pathology

–_____ pneumonia
– ______pneumonia
–_______ pneumonia
– ______ pneumonia

A

Lobar

Broncho

Interstitial

Militar

44
Q

___________________ (VAP)

A

Ventilator associated pneumonia

45
Q

It is considered a Nosocomial pneumonia if the patient gets it after staying in the hospital for ??

A

Atleast 48 hours

46
Q

It is considered a Ventilator associated pneumonia if the patient gets it after being under a ventilator for ??

A

Atleast 48 hours

47
Q

Community – Acquired (Acute Typical Pneumonia)

List 6

A

Streptococcus pneumonia
Haemophilus influenza
Moraxella catarrhalis
Staphylococcus aureus
Legionella pneumophilia Enterobacteriaceae (klebsiella sp.)

48
Q

Pneumococcal pneumonia
Pneumococci are an important cause of pneumonia.

T/F

A

T

49
Q

Pneumococcal pneumonia

It accounts for about for high incidence in children younger than _____ and adults older than _____
M

A

2 years

65 years.

50
Q

Pneumococcal pneumonia

Mortality is highest in (younger or older ?) (children or adults.?)

A

Older

Adults

51
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Gram ———-

——— shaped

_______ arranged in pairs

A

positive

lancet

diplococci

52
Q

Treatment of S.pneumoniae

_____ generation _______ especially for resistant strains.

A

3rd

cephalosporin

53
Q

Pneumococcal vaccine

____ vaccines protection against invasive pneumococcal infection.

A

Two

54
Q

Pneumococcal vaccine
Two vaccines protection against invasive pneumococcal infection.

Pneumococcal ____________ vaccine (PCV ___), ___ capsular serotypes for ______.

____________________ vaccine (PPSV____) for _______.

A

polysaccharide protein conjugate ; 13; 13

children

23-valent polysaccharide; 23; adults

55
Q

Klebsiella pneumoniae

cause of primary pneumonia in ____ people that are already _____________

A

older
suffering from other illnesses such as chronic bronchitis, diabetes, alcoholism, COPD.

House Microbiology (93 decks)

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