Disinfection And Sterilization Flashcards
Disinfection
– A process that eliminates ____________ on ________ with the exception of ______\
many or all pathogenic microorganisms
inanimate objects
bacterial spores.
Sterilisation
–_____ elimination or destruction of __________
Complete
all forms of microbial life.
Cleaning
– Removal of _______ from objects and surfaces.
visible soil
Cleaning removes organic soil ( —————- ) and reduces the _______ about _______ fold or more.
blood , urine, etc
bacterial load
1000
Organic soil _____ microorganisms from ________________ processes.
So items must be ___________ before processing
protects
disinfection and sterilisation
thoroughly cleaned
Disinfection
Aim
To prevent __________ between ____
__________/________ of microorganisms on surfaces and instrument
transmission of organisms ; patients
Removal/ reduction
What to disinfect
________ equipments
_______ equipments:
_________ surfaces such as: ____,_____
Patient care
Medical
Environmental
floors, walls,
Methods of disinfecting
_______
_______
Physical
Chemical
disinfection
Which is Preferable in disinfection?
Heat or chemicals
Heat is preferable to chemicals
Thermal disinfection
Can be combined with ——— in a ________
cleaning
washer disinfector
Thermal disinfection
Could either be ______ or _____
Boiling
Pasteurisation
Thermal disinfection
Boiling
Exposure @ _____oC for ______ after the _______
100
20mins
water starts to boil
Thermal disinfection
Pasteurisation
Exposure to >____oC for _______ in a ______.
Useful for ______ and ______ equipment
70
30 minutes
Water bath
respiratory and anaesthetic
Types of Disinfection
____ level disinfection
______ level
____ level disinfection
High
Intermediate
Low
Types of Disinfection
High level disinfection
This will destroy ____ microorganisms, with the exception of _____________
all
heavy contamination by bacterial spores.
Types of Disinfection
Intermediate level
This inactivates _______,______,______, and ______
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, vegetative bacteria, most viruses and most fungi,
Types of Disinfection
Low level disinfection
this can kill ____,_______ and ______but not _________
most bacteria, some viruses and some fungi,
more resistant bacteria such as M. tuberculosis
Boiling and Pasteurisation are types of _____ level of disinfection
High
High level disinfection
_______
______
Physical
Chemical
High level disinfection
Physical
_______,————
Chemical
________
_________
________
________
Peracetic acid
Boiling
Pasteurisation
Sodium hypochlorite
Glutaraldehyde
Formaldehyde
6% Hydrogen peroxide
Level of disinfection: Low
Spectrum of activity of disinfectant: ______
Disinfectant: _____ ,____
Bactericidal
Quaternary ammonium cpds
Chlorhexidine cetrimide
Level of disinfection: intermediate
Spectrum of activity of disinfectant: ______
Disinfectant: _____ ,____,_____
Tuberculocidal Virucidal Fungicidal Bactericidal
Alcohol
Iodine
Sodium hypochlorite
Level of disinfection: high
Spectrum of activity of disinfectant: ______
Disinfectant: _____ ,____,_____,____,——-
Sporicidal Mycobactericidal Virucidal Fungicidal Bactericidal
Sodium hypochlorite
Glutaraldehyde
Peracetic acid
Formaldehyde
Chlorine dioxide
Factors affecting efficacy of disinfectant
________
________
__________
_____
Concentration
Contact time
Temperature
PH
Factors affecting efficacy of disinfectant
Presence of _____
_______ of water used for ____
_______ of the disinfectant
organic matter
Hardness; dilution
Formulation
Alcohol
70 – 80%____ alcohol, ____ alcohol
(Slow or Fast?) acting, (minimally or maximally?) toxic, (staining or non staining?) , (allergenic or non allergenic?) and readily ________.
(Flammable or non-flammable?) , store in a _________ area.
Ethyl; isopropyl
Fast; minimally
non staining; non allergenic; evaporate
Flammable; cool well ventilated
Alcohol
Rapidly kills __________________
Can serve as a disinfectants for ——,——— ,____,——-
Disinfect smooth metal surfaces, tabletops and other surfaces on which ——- cannot be used
bactericidal, fungicidal, virucidal
skin, Thermometers, scissors, stethoscopes
bleach
Methylated spirit is equal to ____________
70 – 80% Ethyl alcohol
Hypochlorite
Household bleach (_____ %).
3.5
Hypochlorite
leave toxic residues
affected by water hardness
inexpensive
fast acting.
T/F
F(Do not leave toxic residues)
F( unaffected)
T
T
Hypochlorite
Not Corrosive to metals
inactivated by organic matter
discolouring (bleaching) of fabric
F( it is)
T
T
Hypochlorite
Used for :
Disinfection of surfaces, floors, spills, laundary, ____ appliances, ___ treatment.
dental
water
Hypochlorite
Requires _____ contact with surfaces (unsuitable for _______ etc) for up to a maximum of _____
direct; channels/crevices; 10 minutes
Hypochlorite
Solutions are (stable or unstable?)
are to be prepared ______ for use and to be used within ______
Unstable
fresh
24 hours
Hypochlorite
Different concentrations:
_____-____% for high level disiinfection
_____-____% for low level disinfection
0.5 – 1
0.05 – 0.1
Iodine compounds
Used as primarily as ________
antiseptics
Mention Two examples of iodine antiseptics
Tincture of iodine
povidone
Glutaraldehyde
Used mainly for _______ and _____ equipments e.g ______
endoscopes and respiratory
ventilators.
Glutaraldehyde
Can be used for
–____ level disinfection
- _________ sterilisation
High
Chemical
Glutaraldehyde
Disadvantages
_______ irritation, __________ odour, _____________________
Respiratory
pungent and irritating
allegic contact dermatitis
Sterilisation
Destroys ________ on the surface of an article or in fluid
all microorganisms
Sterilisation
Prevent ________ associated with the use of the item.
disease transmission
Sterilisation
Types
________
_______
_______
_____
Peracetic acid
Irradiation
Steam
Dry heat
Hydrogen peroxide gas plasma
Ethylene oxide
Most efficient and reliable method of sterilization is _______
Steam sterlisation
Steam sterlisation
______ and _______ the sterile package as part of the cycle.
Basic procedure is accomplished by __________
Sterilizes and dries
an autoclave
Steam sterlisation
Expose each item to _________ at the required temperature, and pressure for specified time.
direct steam contact
Steam sterilisation
Types
__________ sterilsers
_________ sterilisers
Gravity displacement
Prevacuum
Steam sterilisation
Gravity displacement sterilsers
Steam is admitted at the ____________ of the chamber. Since steam is (lighter or heavier?) than air, it forces air out the (top or bottom?) of the chamber through the ______.
121oC for 30minutes @15.03psi
top or the sides
Lighter
Bottom
drain vent.
Steam sterilisation
Prevacuum sterilisers
(Similar or Dissimilar ?) to gravity displacement
They are fitted with a _______to ensure _____ from the sterilising chamber and load before ______
134oC for 4 minutes @ 29.4psi
Similar
vacuum pump
air removal
steam is admitted
Ethylene oxide (ETO) gas
_______ colored gas
flammable or non-flammable?
explosive or non-explosive
toxic or non-toxic
Colourless
Flammable
Explosive
Toxic
Ethylene oxide (ETO) gas
Appropriate to use for sterilisation of instruments made from
•_______ materials
•devices that _______
heat labile
contain electronic components.
Ethylene oxide (ETO) gas
Time required to process the instrument is dependent on the ________,_____, and _______ level of the gas.
•Time is____-___ hours
temperature, humidity, concentration
12 – 24
Ethylene oxide (ETO) gas
The gas must _____ the packaging and reach __________ of the instrument/equipment requiring sterilization.
penetrate
all surfaces
Hydrogen peroxide plasma gas
Gas plasmas are considered ________
Can be generated in ________ under _______
4th state of matter.
an enclosed chamber
deep vacuum
Hydrogen peroxide plasma gas
Used for ____,______ devices, _____ sensitive metal alloys
plastics, electrical
corrosion
Hydrogen peroxide plasma gas
Can achieve (low or high?) temperature, (low or High?) moisture sterilization within a _____—___ cycle depending on the model of sterilizer used
Low
Low
45-80 minute
Hydrogen peroxide plasma gas
The packaging used must be ______________/_________________
nonwoven/ non-cellulose polypropylene wraps.
Spaulding Classification for Medical Devices
Can either be ______,_____ or _____
Critical
Semi critical
Non critical
Critical items
Those that enter _____ including _____ and _____ system
______ instruments and ______
sterile tissues; body cavities; vascular
Surgical; vascular catheters
Critical items
Any microbial contamination presents a (low or high?) risk of infection if such an item is contaminated.
Requires ________
High
sterilisation
In critical and items Spaulding class ,
Packaged items must dry before removal from the sterilizer
T/F
T
Semi critical items
Those that come in contact with ______ or ______
Such as ______ equipment, gastrointestinal ______, _____ instruments.
intact mucous membrane or broken skin
respiratory, endoscopes; vaginal
Semi critical items
They should be free from ____,____,______, and ______
mycobacteria, fungi, viruses and bacteria.
Semi critical items
Require a minumum of __________ or ________
high level disinfeccction .
Sterilization
STORAGE OF RE-PROCESSED ITEMS in semi critical Spaulding class
Store to protect from environmental contaminants
T/F
T
STORAGE OF RE-PROCESSED ITEMS in non critical Spaulding class
Store in a clean dry place
T/F
T
Non critical items
Bedpans, blood pressure cuffs, ear examination funnels, pulse oximeter, thermometer, patient furniture
T/F
T
Non critical items
Present (low or high ?) risk of infection from contact with _____ skin.
Low
Normal
Non critical items
________ and __________ is adequate
Cleaning and low level disinfection
PPE
_______
___________
_________________
Mask
Thick utility rubber gloves
Plastic aprons
