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House Microbiology > Disinfection And Sterilization > Flashcards

Disinfection And Sterilization Flashcards

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1
Q

Disinfection
– A process that eliminates ____________ on ________ with the exception of ______\

A

many or all pathogenic microorganisms

inanimate objects

bacterial spores.

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2
Q

Sterilisation
–_____ elimination or destruction of __________

A

Complete

all forms of microbial life.

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3
Q

Cleaning
– Removal of _______ from objects and surfaces.

A

visible soil

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4
Q

Cleaning removes organic soil ( —————- ) and reduces the _______ about _______ fold or more.

A

blood , urine, etc

bacterial load

1000

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5
Q

Organic soil _____ microorganisms from ________________ processes.

So items must be ___________ before processing

A

protects

disinfection and sterilisation

thoroughly cleaned

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6
Q

Disinfection

Aim

To prevent __________ between ____

__________/________ of microorganisms on surfaces and instrument

A

transmission of organisms ; patients

Removal/ reduction

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7
Q

What to disinfect

________ equipments

_______ equipments:

_________ surfaces such as: ____,_____

A

Patient care

Medical

Environmental

floors, walls,

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8
Q

Methods of disinfecting

_______
_______

A

Physical

Chemical

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9
Q

disinfection

Which is Preferable in disinfection?

Heat or chemicals

A

Heat is preferable to chemicals

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10
Q

Thermal disinfection

Can be combined with ——— in a ________

A

cleaning

washer disinfector

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11
Q

Thermal disinfection

Could either be ______ or _____

A

Boiling

Pasteurisation

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12
Q

Thermal disinfection

Boiling
Exposure @ _____oC for ______ after the _______

A

100

20mins

water starts to boil

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13
Q

Thermal disinfection

Pasteurisation
Exposure to >____oC for _______ in a ______.

Useful for ______ and ______ equipment

A

70

30 minutes

Water bath

respiratory and anaesthetic

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14
Q

Types of Disinfection

____ level disinfection

______ level

____ level disinfection

A

High

Intermediate

Low

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15
Q

Types of Disinfection

High level disinfection

This will destroy ____ microorganisms, with the exception of _____________

A

all

heavy contamination by bacterial spores.

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16
Q

Types of Disinfection

Intermediate level

This inactivates _______,______,______, and ______

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, vegetative bacteria, most viruses and most fungi,

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17
Q

Types of Disinfection

Low level disinfection
this can kill ____,_______ and ______but not _________

A

most bacteria, some viruses and some fungi,

more resistant bacteria such as M. tuberculosis

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18
Q

Boiling and Pasteurisation are types of _____ level of disinfection

A

High

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19
Q

High level disinfection

_______

______

A

Physical

Chemical

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20
Q

High level disinfection

Physical
_______,————

Chemical
________
_________
________
________
Peracetic acid

A

Boiling
Pasteurisation

Sodium hypochlorite
Glutaraldehyde
Formaldehyde
6% Hydrogen peroxide

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21
Q

Level of disinfection: Low

Spectrum of activity of disinfectant: ______

Disinfectant: _____ ,____

A

Bactericidal

Quaternary ammonium cpds

Chlorhexidine cetrimide

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22
Q

Level of disinfection: intermediate

Spectrum of activity of disinfectant: ______

Disinfectant: _____ ,____,_____

A

Tuberculocidal Virucidal Fungicidal Bactericidal

Alcohol
Iodine
Sodium hypochlorite

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23
Q

Level of disinfection: high

Spectrum of activity of disinfectant: ______

Disinfectant: _____ ,____,_____,____,——-

A

Sporicidal Mycobactericidal Virucidal Fungicidal Bactericidal

Sodium hypochlorite
Glutaraldehyde
Peracetic acid
Formaldehyde
Chlorine dioxide

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24
Q

Factors affecting efficacy of disinfectant

________
________
__________
_____

A

Concentration
Contact time
Temperature
PH

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25
Q

Factors affecting efficacy of disinfectant

Presence of _____

_______ of water used for ____

_______ of the disinfectant

A

organic matter

Hardness; dilution

Formulation

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26
Q

Alcohol

70 – 80%____ alcohol, ____ alcohol

(Slow or Fast?) acting, (minimally or maximally?) toxic, (staining or non staining?) , (allergenic or non allergenic?) and readily ________.

(Flammable or non-flammable?) , store in a _________ area.

A

Ethyl; isopropyl

Fast; minimally

non staining; non allergenic; evaporate

Flammable; cool well ventilated

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27
Q

Alcohol

Rapidly kills __________________

Can serve as a disinfectants for ——,——— ,____,——-

Disinfect smooth metal surfaces, tabletops and other surfaces on which ——- cannot be used

A

bactericidal, fungicidal, virucidal

skin, Thermometers, scissors, stethoscopes

bleach

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28
Q

Methylated spirit is equal to ____________

A

70 – 80% Ethyl alcohol

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29
Q

Hypochlorite

Household bleach (_____ %).

A

3.5

30
Q

Hypochlorite

leave toxic residues
affected by water hardness
inexpensive
fast acting.

T/F

A

F(Do not leave toxic residues)
F( unaffected)
T
T

31
Q

Hypochlorite

Not Corrosive to metals
inactivated by organic matter
discolouring (bleaching) of fabric

A

F( it is)
T
T

32
Q

Hypochlorite
Used for :

Disinfection of surfaces, floors, spills, laundary, ____ appliances, ___ treatment.

A

dental

water

33
Q

Hypochlorite

Requires _____ contact with surfaces (unsuitable for _______ etc) for up to a maximum of _____

A

direct; channels/crevices; 10 minutes

34
Q

Hypochlorite

Solutions are (stable or unstable?)

are to be prepared ______ for use and to be used within ______

A

Unstable

fresh

24 hours

35
Q

Hypochlorite

Different concentrations:

_____-____% for high level disiinfection

_____-____% for low level disinfection

A

0.5 – 1

0.05 – 0.1

36
Q

Iodine compounds

Used as primarily as ________

A

antiseptics

37
Q

Mention Two examples of iodine antiseptics

A

Tincture of iodine

povidone

38
Q

Glutaraldehyde
Used mainly for _______ and _____ equipments e.g ______

A

endoscopes and respiratory

ventilators.

39
Q

Glutaraldehyde

Can be used for
–____ level disinfection
- _________ sterilisation

A

High

Chemical

40
Q

Glutaraldehyde

Disadvantages

_______ irritation, __________ odour, _____________________

A

Respiratory

pungent and irritating

allegic contact dermatitis

41
Q

Sterilisation
Destroys ________ on the surface of an article or in fluid

A

all microorganisms

42
Q

Sterilisation

Prevent ________ associated with the use of the item.

A

disease transmission

43
Q

Sterilisation

Types
________
_______
_______
_____
Peracetic acid
Irradiation

A

Steam
Dry heat
Hydrogen peroxide gas plasma
Ethylene oxide

44
Q

Most efficient and reliable method of sterilization is _______

A

Steam sterlisation

45
Q

Steam sterlisation

______ and _______ the sterile package as part of the cycle.

Basic procedure is accomplished by __________

A

Sterilizes and dries

an autoclave

46
Q

Steam sterlisation

Expose each item to _________ at the required temperature, and pressure for specified time.

A

direct steam contact

47
Q

Steam sterilisation

Types

__________ sterilsers

_________ sterilisers

A

Gravity displacement

Prevacuum

48
Q

Steam sterilisation

Gravity displacement sterilsers

Steam is admitted at the ____________ of the chamber. Since steam is (lighter or heavier?) than air, it forces air out the (top or bottom?) of the chamber through the ______.
121oC for 30minutes @15.03psi

A

top or the sides

Lighter

Bottom

drain vent.

49
Q

Steam sterilisation

Prevacuum sterilisers
(Similar or Dissimilar ?) to gravity displacement
They are fitted with a _______to ensure _____ from the sterilising chamber and load before ______
134oC for 4 minutes @ 29.4psi

A

Similar

vacuum pump

air removal

steam is admitted

50
Q

Ethylene oxide (ETO) gas

_______ colored gas

flammable or non-flammable?

explosive or non-explosive

toxic or non-toxic

A

Colourless

Flammable

Explosive

Toxic

51
Q

Ethylene oxide (ETO) gas

Appropriate to use for sterilisation of instruments made from

•_______ materials
•devices that _______

A

heat labile

contain electronic components.

52
Q

Ethylene oxide (ETO) gas

Time required to process the instrument is dependent on the ________,_____, and _______ level of the gas.

•Time is____-___ hours

A

temperature, humidity, concentration

12 – 24

53
Q

Ethylene oxide (ETO) gas

The gas must _____ the packaging and reach __________ of the instrument/equipment requiring sterilization.

A

penetrate

all surfaces

54
Q

Hydrogen peroxide plasma gas

Gas plasmas are considered ________

Can be generated in ________ under _______

A

4th state of matter.

an enclosed chamber

deep vacuum

55
Q

Hydrogen peroxide plasma gas

Used for ____,______ devices, _____ sensitive metal alloys

A

plastics, electrical

corrosion

56
Q

Hydrogen peroxide plasma gas

Can achieve (low or high?) temperature, (low or High?) moisture sterilization within a _____—___ cycle depending on the model of sterilizer used

A

Low

Low

45-80 minute

57
Q

Hydrogen peroxide plasma gas

The packaging used must be ______________/_________________

A

nonwoven/ non-cellulose polypropylene wraps.

58
Q

Spaulding Classification for Medical Devices

Can either be ______,_____ or _____

A

Critical

Semi critical

Non critical

59
Q

Critical items

Those that enter _____ including _____ and _____ system

______ instruments and ______

A

sterile tissues; body cavities; vascular

Surgical; vascular catheters

60
Q

Critical items

Any microbial contamination presents a (low or high?) risk of infection if such an item is contaminated.
Requires ________

A

High

sterilisation

61
Q

In critical and items Spaulding class ,

Packaged items must dry before removal from the sterilizer

T/F

A

T

62
Q

Semi critical items

Those that come in contact with ______ or ______

Such as ______ equipment, gastrointestinal ______, _____ instruments.

A

intact mucous membrane or broken skin

respiratory, endoscopes; vaginal

63
Q

Semi critical items

They should be free from ____,____,______, and ______

A

mycobacteria, fungi, viruses and bacteria.

64
Q

Semi critical items

Require a minumum of __________ or ________

A

high level disinfeccction .

Sterilization

65
Q

STORAGE OF RE-PROCESSED ITEMS in semi critical Spaulding class

Store to protect from environmental contaminants

T/F

A

T

66
Q

STORAGE OF RE-PROCESSED ITEMS in non critical Spaulding class

Store in a clean dry place

T/F

A

T

67
Q

Non critical items

Bedpans, blood pressure cuffs, ear examination funnels, pulse oximeter, thermometer, patient furniture

T/F

A

T

68
Q

Non critical items

Present (low or high ?) risk of infection from contact with _____ skin.

A

Low

Normal

69
Q

Non critical items

________ and __________ is adequate

A

Cleaning and low level disinfection

70
Q

PPE

_______
___________
_________________

A

Mask
Thick utility rubber gloves
Plastic aprons

House Microbiology (93 decks)

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