Disinfection And Sterilization Flashcards by Iseoluwa Ojo

Disinfection
– A process that eliminates ____________ on ________ with the exception of ______\

many or all pathogenic microorganisms

inanimate objects

bacterial spores.

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Sterilisation
–_____ elimination or destruction of __________

Complete

all forms of microbial life.

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Cleaning
– Removal of _______ from objects and surfaces.

visible soil

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Cleaning removes organic soil ( —————- ) and reduces the _______ about _______ fold or more.

blood , urine, etc

bacterial load

1000

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Organic soil _____ microorganisms from ________________ processes.

So items must be ___________ before processing

protects

disinfection and sterilisation

thoroughly cleaned

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Disinfection

Aim

To prevent __________ between ____

__________/________ of microorganisms on surfaces and instrument

transmission of organisms ; patients

Removal/ reduction

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What to disinfect

________ equipments

_______ equipments:

_________ surfaces such as: ____,_____

Patient care

Medical

Environmental

floors, walls,

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Methods of disinfecting

_______
_______

Physical

Chemical

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disinfection

Which is Preferable in disinfection?

Heat or chemicals

Heat is preferable to chemicals

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Thermal disinfection

Can be combined with ——— in a ________

cleaning

washer disinfector

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Thermal disinfection

Could either be ______ or _____

Boiling

Pasteurisation

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Thermal disinfection

Boiling
Exposure @ _____oC for ______ after the _______

100

20mins

water starts to boil

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Thermal disinfection

Pasteurisation
Exposure to >____oC for _______ in a ______.

Useful for ______ and ______ equipment

30 minutes

Water bath

respiratory and anaesthetic

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Types of Disinfection

____ level disinfection

______ level

____ level disinfection

High

Intermediate

Low

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Types of Disinfection

High level disinfection

This will destroy ____ microorganisms, with the exception of _____________

all

heavy contamination by bacterial spores.

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Types of Disinfection

Intermediate level

This inactivates _______,______,______, and ______

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, vegetative bacteria, most viruses and most fungi,

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Types of Disinfection

Low level disinfection
this can kill ____,_______ and ______but not _________

most bacteria, some viruses and some fungi,

more resistant bacteria such as M. tuberculosis

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Boiling and Pasteurisation are types of _____ level of disinfection

High

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High level disinfection

_______

______

Physical

Chemical

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High level disinfection

Physical
_______,————

Chemical
________
_________
________
________
Peracetic acid

Boiling
Pasteurisation

Sodium hypochlorite
Glutaraldehyde
Formaldehyde
6% Hydrogen peroxide

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Level of disinfection: Low

Spectrum of activity of disinfectant: ______

Disinfectant: _____ ,____

Bactericidal

Quaternary ammonium cpds

Chlorhexidine cetrimide

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Level of disinfection: intermediate

Spectrum of activity of disinfectant: ______

Disinfectant: _____ ,____,_____

Tuberculocidal Virucidal Fungicidal Bactericidal

Alcohol
Iodine
Sodium hypochlorite

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Level of disinfection: high

Spectrum of activity of disinfectant: ______

Disinfectant: _____ ,____,_____,____,——-

Sporicidal Mycobactericidal Virucidal Fungicidal Bactericidal

Sodium hypochlorite
Glutaraldehyde
Peracetic acid
Formaldehyde
Chlorine dioxide

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Factors affecting efficacy of disinfectant

________
________
__________
_____

Concentration
Contact time
Temperature
PH

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Factors affecting efficacy of disinfectant Presence of _____ _______ of water used for ____ _______ of the disinfectant

organic matter Hardness; dilution Formulation

Alcohol 70 – 80%____ alcohol, ____ alcohol (Slow or Fast?) acting, (minimally or maximally?) toxic, (staining or non staining?) , (allergenic or non allergenic?) and readily ________. (Flammable or non-flammable?) , store in a _________ area.

Ethyl; isopropyl Fast; minimally non staining; non allergenic; evaporate Flammable; cool well ventilated

Alcohol Rapidly kills __________________ Can serve as a disinfectants for ——,——— ,____,——- Disinfect smooth metal surfaces, tabletops and other surfaces on which ——- cannot be used

bactericidal, fungicidal, virucidal skin, Thermometers, scissors, stethoscopes bleach

Methylated spirit is equal to ____________

70 – 80% Ethyl alcohol

Hypochlorite Household bleach (_____ %).

3.5

Hypochlorite leave toxic residues affected by water hardness inexpensive fast acting. T/F

F(Do not leave toxic residues) F( unaffected) T T

Hypochlorite Not Corrosive to metals inactivated by organic matter discolouring (bleaching) of fabric

F( it is) T T

Hypochlorite Used for : Disinfection of surfaces, floors, spills, laundary, ____ appliances, ___ treatment.

dental water

Hypochlorite Requires _____ contact with surfaces (unsuitable for _______ etc) for up to a maximum of _____

direct; channels/crevices; 10 minutes

Hypochlorite Solutions are (stable or unstable?) are to be prepared ______ for use and to be used within ______

Unstable fresh 24 hours

Hypochlorite Different concentrations: _____-____% for high level disiinfection _____-____% for low level disinfection

0.5 – 1 0.05 – 0.1

Iodine compounds Used as primarily as ________

antiseptics

Mention Two examples of iodine antiseptics

Tincture of iodine povidone

Glutaraldehyde Used mainly for _______ and _____ equipments e.g ______

endoscopes and respiratory ventilators.

Glutaraldehyde Can be used for –____ level disinfection - _________ sterilisation

High Chemical

Glutaraldehyde Disadvantages _______ irritation, __________ odour, _____________________

Respiratory pungent and irritating allegic contact dermatitis

Sterilisation Destroys ________ on the surface of an article or in fluid

all microorganisms

Sterilisation Prevent ________ associated with the use of the item.

disease transmission

Sterilisation Types ________ _______ _______ _____ Peracetic acid Irradiation

Steam Dry heat Hydrogen peroxide gas plasma Ethylene oxide

Most efficient and reliable method of sterilization is _______

Steam sterlisation

Steam sterlisation ______ and _______ the sterile package as part of the cycle. Basic procedure is accomplished by __________

Sterilizes and dries an autoclave

Steam sterlisation Expose each item to _________ at the required temperature, and pressure for specified time.

direct steam contact

Steam sterilisation Types __________ sterilsers _________ sterilisers

Gravity displacement Prevacuum

Steam sterilisation Gravity displacement sterilsers Steam is admitted at the ____________ of the chamber. Since steam is (lighter or heavier?) than air, it forces air out the (top or bottom?) of the chamber through the ______. 121oC for 30minutes @15.03psi

top or the sides Lighter Bottom drain vent.

Steam sterilisation Prevacuum sterilisers (Similar or Dissimilar ?) to gravity displacement They are fitted with a _______to ensure _____ from the sterilising chamber and load before ______ 134oC for 4 minutes @ 29.4psi

Similar vacuum pump air removal steam is admitted

Ethylene oxide (ETO) gas _______ colored gas flammable or non-flammable? explosive or non-explosive toxic or non-toxic

Colourless Flammable Explosive Toxic

Ethylene oxide (ETO) gas Appropriate to use for sterilisation of instruments made from •_______ materials •devices that _______

heat labile contain electronic components.

Ethylene oxide (ETO) gas Time required to process the instrument is dependent on the ________,_____, and _______ level of the gas. •Time is____-___ hours

temperature, humidity, concentration 12 – 24

Ethylene oxide (ETO) gas The gas must _____ the packaging and reach __________ of the instrument/equipment requiring sterilization.

penetrate all surfaces

Hydrogen peroxide plasma gas Gas plasmas are considered ________ Can be generated in ________ under _______

4th state of matter. an enclosed chamber deep vacuum

Hydrogen peroxide plasma gas Used for ____,______ devices, _____ sensitive metal alloys

plastics, electrical corrosion

Hydrogen peroxide plasma gas Can achieve (low or high?) temperature, (low or High?) moisture sterilization within a _____—___ cycle depending on the model of sterilizer used

Low Low 45-80 minute

Hydrogen peroxide plasma gas The packaging used must be ______________/_________________

nonwoven/ non-cellulose polypropylene wraps.

Spaulding Classification for Medical Devices Can either be ______,_____ or _____

Critical Semi critical Non critical

Critical items Those that enter _____ including _____ and _____ system ______ instruments and ______

sterile tissues; body cavities; vascular Surgical; vascular catheters

Critical items Any microbial contamination presents a (low or high?) risk of infection if such an item is contaminated. Requires ________

High sterilisation

In critical and items Spaulding class , Packaged items must dry before removal from the sterilizer T/F

Semi critical items Those that come in contact with ______ or ______ Such as ______ equipment, gastrointestinal ______, _____ instruments.

intact mucous membrane or broken skin respiratory, endoscopes; vaginal

Semi critical items They should be free from ____,____,______, and ______

mycobacteria, fungi, viruses and bacteria.

Semi critical items Require a minumum of __________ or ________

high level disinfeccction . Sterilization

STORAGE OF RE-PROCESSED ITEMS in semi critical Spaulding class Store to protect from environmental contaminants T/F

STORAGE OF RE-PROCESSED ITEMS in non critical Spaulding class Store in a clean dry place T/F

Non critical items Bedpans, blood pressure cuffs, ear examination funnels, pulse oximeter, thermometer, patient furniture T/F

Non critical items Present (low or high ?) risk of infection from contact with _____ skin.

Low Normal

Non critical items ________ and __________ is adequate

Cleaning and low level disinfection

PPE _______ ___________ _________________

Mask Thick utility rubber gloves Plastic aprons