Osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, pyomyositis

Question 1

Osteomyelitis

Infection of the bone characterized by progressive ____________ & formation of __________

Infection can be ______microbial or ______microbial

Answer 1

bone destruction

sequestra

monomicrobial

polymicrobial

Question 2

Aetiology Of osteomyelitis

__________ , coagulase _______ _________ – most common cause

Less common – ________, ________, _________ spp, __________ spp, ______ spp, E. coli, serratia spp, anaerobes

Answer 2

S. aureus; coagulase negative staphylococci

streptococci, enterococci, pseudomonas spp, Enterobacter spp, proteus spp

Question 3

S. aureus
Gram ________ cocci
(Obligate or Facultative?) (aerobe or anaerobe?)
(Motile or Non-motile?)
(Sporing or Non-sporing?)
Catalase _________

Answer 3

positive

Facultative anaerobe

Non-motile

Non-sporing

Catalase positive

Question 4

Virulence factors of Staphylococcus Aureus

_______

_______

Surface _______
_______ and _______ acids Peptidoglycan

_______

_______ antigens
_______ toxins

Answer 4

Biofilm
Capsule
Surface adhesins
Techoic and lipotechoic acids Peptidoglycan
Haemolysins
Superantigens
Exfoliative toxins

Question 5

Clinical features of osteomyelitis

_______

____________

_______

_______ around affected site +/- _______

Answer 5

Acute
Subacute
Chronic

Question 6

Lab diagnosis of osteomyelitis

Specimen – biopsy for m/c/s
Gram stain

Culture – ______ agar

Biochemical tests – catalase _______, coagulase _______, DNase ________

CONS – coagulase _____, DNase test ______ or __________

Answer 6

blood agar

catalase positive
coagulase positive
DNase positive

coagulase negative
DNase test negative
weakly positive

Question 7

Treatment of osteomyelitis

Antibiotics – depends on _______ and ________________ test

Treatment – for __________

Answer 7

organism ; antibiotic susceptibility

4-6weeks

Question 8

Septic arthritis

_________ reaction of the ________caused by an infectious agent

Usually occurs after _______ seeding of pathogenic micro- organisms

Answer 8

Inflammatory reaction ; joint space

Haematogenous

Question 9

Causes of Septic Arthritis

S. aureus
Streptococci (grps A, B, C & G), S. pneumoniae Coagulase negative staphylococci
E. coli
H. influenzae
N. gonorrhoeae
N. meningitidis
P. aeruginosa
Salmonella
Can be polymicrobial

Answer 9

Yeah

Question 10

Lab diagnosis of Septic Arthritis

Specimen- _________ (________ )

Gram stain
Culture
Identification

Answer 10

joint aspirate

synovial fluid

Question 11

Treatment of Septic Arthritis

______ of joint

Antibiotics – ________ +/- ________

Culture & AST result
Treatment usually for _______

Answer 11

Drainage

ceftriaxone +/- vancomycin

3weeks

Question 12

Polymyositis

Primary _____________

A/An (acute or chronic?) ______ infection of _________ muscle

Presents with fever, muscle _______, ________

Answer 12

Primary muscle abscess

acute bacterial infection of skeletal muscle

muscle swelling ; erythema

Question 13

Polymyositis

Caused by
•_________ (majority of cases)
•______________
•Rarely – __________ , _________ , _________ , ______________________

Answer 13

s. aureus

S. pneumoniae

Enterobacteriaceae, N. gonorrhoeae, H. influenzae, Aeromonas hydophilia

Question 14

Lab diagnosis of polymyositis

Specimen – _______
Gram stain
Culture
Biochemical identification

Answer 14

aspirate

Question 15

Treatment of polymyositis

___________________

Gram stain + culture results: _____

Answer 15

IV Flucloxacillin

AST