Corona , picorna, Adeno Flashcards
Coronaviruses
•Virion:________, 120–160 nm in diameter, ______ nucleocapsid
Spherical
helical
Coronaviruses
Proteins: ____ glycoproteins and ____ ——-protein.
Some viruses contain a third glycoprotein (________)
Envelope: Contains (small or large?) , widely spaced, ____ or _____ -shaped spikes
Two; one; phospho
hemagglutinin esterase
Large
club- or petal
Coronaviruses
Genome:
______ -stranded
DNA or RNA?
linear or circular? ,
segmented or nonsegmented?
, ______-sense
Single
RNA
linear
non segmented
positive
Coronaviruses
Replication: is in the _________; particles mature by _____ into _____ and _____
Cytoplasm; budding
endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi
Coronaviruses
Outstanding characteristics:
Cause ____,____,_______
Display (low or high?) frequency of recombination
(Easy or Difficult?) to grow in cell culture
colds and SARS AND COVID
High
Difficult
Coronaviruses
Genus – _______virus
Genus – ________virus
Betacorona
Alphacorona
Coronaviruses
Genus – Betacoronavirus
Species
_______
_______
________
_______
SARS CoV
SARS CoV 2
MERS CoV
Human coronavirus HKU1
Coronaviruses
Genus – Alphacoronavirus
Species
__________
Human coronavirus 229E
SARS-CoV – 2
_______ structural proteins, including _______________________
Has at least ____% similarity in genetic sequence to _______
four
nucleocapsid (N), spike (S), membrane (M), and envelope (E)
70
SARS-CoV.
Like MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2 originated in ______.
bats
SARS-CoV – 2
Viral variants emerge when the virus develops one or more mutations that differentiate it from the predominant virus variants in circulation
Eg ____,______,_____……….
Omicron, delta, alpha
Picornaviridae
•Virion: _________, 28–30 nm in diameter
contains ____ subunits
Genome:_____-stranded RNA, (linear or circular?) , _____ sense
Icosahedral; 60
Single; linear; positive
Picornaviridae
Proteins:____ major polypeptides cleaved from a large precursor polyprotein.
Surface capsid proteins ______ sand ___ are major _____________.
_____ is an _____ protein.
Four
VP1 and VP3 ; antibody- binding sites
VP4; internal
Picornaviridae
Envelope: ___
Replication: ______
None
Cytoplasm
Picornaviridae
Outstanding characteristic: Family is made up of many enterovirus and rhinovirus types that infect humans and lower animals, causing various illnesses ranging from ________ to _______ to _____
poliomyelitis to aseptic meningitis to the common cold.
Picornaviridae
Genus – ____ovirus
Genus – ______virus
Enter
Hepato
Picornaviridae
Genus – Hepatovirus
Species – _________ virus
Hepatitis A
Adenoviridae
Virion:________, 70–90 nm in diameter, 252 capsomeres; fiber projects from each vertex
Icosahedral
Adenoviridae
Genome:
______ -stranded
DNA or RNA
linear OR Circuar
Envelope:____
Replication: _____
Double
DNA
Linear
None; Nucleus
Adenoviridae
Proteins: Important antigens ( ____,______ ,______ ) are associated with
the major outer capsid proteins
hexon, penton base, fiber
Adenoviridae
Genus – _________virus
Species – ——— virus___-__
Infections of the ___,______,_____
Mastadeno
Human adeno; A – G
eye, GI, respiratory tract infections
Flaviviridae
_______, 40–60 nm in diameter.
Genome:______ sense, _____-stranded RNA, 11 kb in size. Genome RNA infectious.
Presence or absence of Envelope?
Spherical
positive
single
Presence
Flaviviridae
_______ structural protein –_________________
_____ non structural protein
Three; envelope, capsid, premembrane protein
7
Flaviviridae
Replication: _________.
Assembly: within ________
cytoplasm
endoplasmic reticulum.
All flaviviruses serologically related
T/F
T
Flaviviridae
Genus – ____virus
Genus – _____virus
Flavi
hepaci
Flaviviridae
Genus – Flavivirus
Species –
________
_______
_______
_______
__________
___________
Yellow fever virus
Dengue virus
West nile virus
Zika virus
Tick borne encephalitis virus
St. Louis encephalitis virus,
Flaviviridae
Genus – hepacivirus
Species- __________
Hepacivirus C/Hepatitis C virus
_________virus is the prototype member of the Flaviviridae family.
Yellow fever
Yellow fever virus
It causes yellow fever, ( acute or chronic?) , febrile, _____ borne illness that occurs in the ______ and ______ of ______ and _____
Acute ; mosquito
Tropics and subtropics; Africa and South America
Yellow fever
Large epidemics of yellow fever occur when infected people introduce the virus into ______ populated areas with __________
and where most people have _______________ due to _____________
heavily
high mosquito density
little or no immunity, due to lack of vaccination.
Transmission of yellow fever
•Urban yellow fever
____-_____ transmission
by _________________ mosquitoes.
Person-to-person
domestic Aedes aegypti
Transmission of yellow fever
Jungle yellow fever
•primarily a disease of ________
•transmitted from ____ to ____ by ______ mosquitoes (ie,_____ ,______) that
inhabit the moist forest canopy.
•Persons involved in _____
activities come in contact with these mosquitoes In the forest and become infected.
monkeys
monkey To monkey ; arboreal
Haemagogus, Aedes
forest clearing
________ is the most common of all Corona viruses
SARS COV2
Which are more?
Human or Animal coronaviruses?!
Animal coronaviruses
SARS Covid 1- year ____ , in _____
2003
China
Outbreak of animal corona virus was in ??
2012
HkU causes (mild or severe?) infections
Mild
Origin of MERS COV is in ??
Camel
Omicron variant -
First noticed in ______
Virulent or Not virulent?
South Africa
Not virulent
The omicron variant spreads slow
T/F
F
Can spread very fast
Delta variant
First noticed in ______
Not virulent or virulent?
India
Virulent
Coronaviridae is one of the largest RNA viruses
T/F
T
Regarding the Pathophysiology of COVID-19
In mild illness- limited to ____
In moderate Illness-when it gets to the ____, can lead to _____
In severe illness - when it gets to the ________
Upper respiratory tract
Lungs; viral pneumonia
Alveolar epithelial cell
Other diseases caused by picornaviruses
______itis
————-itis
___________ disease
___________itis
Encephal
Myocard
Foot and mouth
Pericard
Rhinovirus that causes _____ has over ____ serotypes
Common cold
100
Enterovirus - A-__
Rhinovirus-A-___
L
C
Coxsackie and echovirus lead to _______
Enterovirus 7,& 8 lead to _______ infections
Aseptic meningitis
Respiratory
Which are larger, DNA or RNA Viruses
DNA
Adenoviruses cause _____ respiratory tract infection
Upper and lower
Flaviviruses are _____borne viruses
Arthropods( arboviruses)
Flaviviruses are mostly transmitted by ____ and ____
Mosquitoes and ticks
Consequences of Flaviviruses having closely related antigens?
They can cross react during antigen-antibody reactions
Can lead to false positive reactions
Hepacivirus is transmitted by arthropods
T/F
F
It’s not
Yellow fever has a vaccine
T/F
T
Yellow fever outbreak started in _____
Kwara state
Yellow fever is transmitted in ___ cycles
2
Which cause more epidemics?
Urban Yellow fever or jungle yellow fever transmission
jungle yellow fever
Pathogenesis of COVID 19
•Viral ___ protein binds to _____ receptor on lungs, heart, kidneys and GI tract
•____________- an accentuated immune response to triggers such as viral infections.IL-1,6,7, TNF-a, IFN-y
•Viral replication leads to ________ cells apoptosis + Exaggerated _____ in lung tissue equals an extensive _________ called _________
S; ACE
CSS (Cytokine Storm syndrome)
Alveolar epithelial; immune response
alveolar damage ; ARDS (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome)
MANAGEMENT of coronavirus
DIAGNOSIS: ________ Swab, ________ , ______ , endotracheal aspirate, ________.
RT-PCR, Antigen Detection, ELISA
Nasopharyngeal
Nasopharyngeal wash
sputum; Bronchoalveolar lavage
MANAGEMENT of CORONA
Treatment: ________ treatment, however ______ is commonly used
Supportive care: _______ supplementation, ICU-_______
PREVENTION: Infection control, ____
No specific ; Remdesivir
Oxygen; ventilation
vaccines
Adenovirus
It is associated with a number of conditions including Gastroenteritis (Group ____)
F
Pathophysiology of COVID 19
Binding of the inhaled sars Cov2 to the ————- cells in the _____ epithelium via ____ receptor
Leading to Viral replication and propagation with a _______ immune response
Involvement of the _______,_________ and migration into the __________
Invasion and infection of the ______________ cells via ______
Release of IL-1, IL-__( main culprit), 8,10,12 etc to form a ______
Chemoattraction for neutrophils, CD4 and CD8 cells along with B cell differentiation
Sequestration of inflammatory cells in the lungs tissues with _______ as well as _________ ( host defense and attempts at viral clearance)
cilliated secretory ; nasal; ACE-2
limited
conducting airways , upper respiratory tracts ; lower respiratory tracts
type 2 pulmonary alveolar epithelial ; ACE2
6; cytokine storm
CD8 mediated cytotoxicity;
Pathophysiology of COVID 19
Burning of the inhaled sars Cov2 to the cilliated secretory cells in the nasal epithelium via ACE-2
Viral replication and propagation with a limited immune response
Involvement of the conducting airways , upper respiratory tracts and migration into the lower respiratory tracts
Invasion and infection of the type 2 pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells via ACE2
Viral replication and release of viral particles with resulting _____ of the host cells
Continuing viral replication and infection of the ________ cells with loss of _________________ pneumocytes
Diffuse alveolar damage with resulting into __________
apoptosis
adjacent healthy alveolar epithelial
both type 2 and type 1
acute respiratory distress syndrome ( ARDS)
One month after school has been let out for the summer, a
16-year-old girl develops fever, myalgia, and headache. An outbreak of an illness with similar symptoms caused by an echovirus is known to be occurring in the community. The primary
anatomic site of echovirus multiplication in the human host is
(A) The muscular system
(B) The central nervous system
(C) The alimentary tract
(D) The blood and lymph system
(E) The respiratory system
C
