Corona , picorna, Adeno Flashcards by Iseoluwa Ojo

Coronaviruses

•Virion:________, 120–160 nm in diameter, ______ nucleocapsid

Spherical

helical

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Coronaviruses

Proteins: ____ glycoproteins and ____ ——-protein.

Some viruses contain a third glycoprotein (________)

Envelope: Contains (small or large?) , widely spaced, ____ or _____ -shaped spikes

Two; one; phospho

hemagglutinin esterase

Large

club- or petal

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Coronaviruses

Genome:
______ -stranded

DNA or RNA?

linear or circular? ,

segmented or nonsegmented?

, ______-sense

Single

RNA

linear

non segmented

positive

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Coronaviruses

Replication: is in the _________; particles mature by _____ into _____ and _____

Cytoplasm; budding

endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi

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Coronaviruses

Outstanding characteristics:

Cause ____,____,_______

Display (low or high?) frequency of recombination

(Easy or Difficult?) to grow in cell culture

colds and SARS AND COVID

High

Difficult

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Coronaviruses

Genus – _______virus

Genus – ________virus

Betacorona

Alphacorona

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Coronaviruses
Genus – Betacoronavirus

Species

_______
_______
________
_______

SARS CoV
SARS CoV 2
MERS CoV
Human coronavirus HKU1

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Coronaviruses

Genus – Alphacoronavirus

Species
__________

Human coronavirus 229E

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SARS-CoV – 2

_______ structural proteins, including _______________________

Has at least ____% similarity in genetic sequence to _______

four

nucleocapsid (N), spike (S), membrane (M), and envelope (E)

SARS-CoV.

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Like MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2 originated in ______.

bats

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SARS-CoV – 2

Viral variants emerge when the virus develops one or more mutations that differentiate it from the predominant virus variants in circulation
Eg ____,______,_____……….

Omicron, delta, alpha

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Picornaviridae
•Virion: _________, 28–30 nm in diameter

contains ____ subunits

Genome:_____-stranded RNA, (linear or circular?) , _____ sense

Icosahedral; 60

Single; linear; positive

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Picornaviridae

Proteins:____ major polypeptides cleaved from a large precursor polyprotein.

Surface capsid proteins ______ sand ___ are major _____________.

_____ is an _____ protein.

Four

VP1 and VP3 ; antibody- binding sites

VP4; internal

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Picornaviridae

Envelope: ___

Replication: ______

None

Cytoplasm

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Picornaviridae

Outstanding characteristic: Family is made up of many enterovirus and rhinovirus types that infect humans and lower animals, causing various illnesses ranging from ________ to _______ to _____

poliomyelitis to aseptic meningitis to the common cold.

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Picornaviridae
Genus – ____ovirus

Genus – ______virus

Enter

Hepato

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Picornaviridae

Genus – Hepatovirus

Species – _________ virus

Hepatitis A

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Adenoviridae

Virion:________, 70–90 nm in diameter, 252 capsomeres; fiber projects from each vertex

Icosahedral

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Adenoviridae

Genome:

______ -stranded

DNA or RNA

linear OR Circuar

Envelope:____
Replication: _____

Double

DNA

Linear

None; Nucleus

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Adenoviridae

Proteins: Important antigens ( ____,______ ,______ ) are associated with
the major outer capsid proteins

hexon, penton base, fiber

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Adenoviridae

Genus – _________virus
Species – ——— virus___-__

Infections of the ___,______,_____

Mastadeno

Human adeno; A – G

eye, GI, respiratory tract infections

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Flaviviridae

_______, 40–60 nm in diameter.

Genome:______ sense, _____-stranded RNA, 11 kb in size. Genome RNA infectious.

Presence or absence of Envelope?

Spherical

positive

single

Presence

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Flaviviridae

_______ structural protein –_________________

_____ non structural protein

Three; envelope, capsid, premembrane protein

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Flaviviridae

Replication: _________.

Assembly: within ________

cytoplasm

endoplasmic reticulum.

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All flaviviruses serologically related T/F

Flaviviridae Genus – ____virus Genus – _____virus

Flavi hepaci

Flaviviridae Genus – Flavivirus Species – ________ _______ _______ _______ __________ ___________

Yellow fever virus Dengue virus West nile virus Zika virus Tick borne encephalitis virus St. Louis encephalitis virus,

Flaviviridae Genus – hepacivirus Species- __________

Hepacivirus C/Hepatitis C virus

_________virus is the prototype member of the Flaviviridae family.

Yellow fever

Yellow fever virus It causes yellow fever, ( acute or chronic?) , febrile, _____ borne illness that occurs in the ______ and ______ of ______ and _____

Acute ; mosquito Tropics and subtropics; Africa and South America

Yellow fever Large epidemics of yellow fever occur when infected people introduce the virus into ______ populated areas with __________ and where most people have _______________ due to _____________

heavily high mosquito density little or no immunity, due to lack of vaccination.

Transmission of yellow fever •Urban yellow fever ____-_____ transmission by _________________ mosquitoes.

Person-to-person domestic Aedes aegypti

Transmission of yellow fever Jungle yellow fever •primarily a disease of ________ •transmitted from ____ to ____ by ______ mosquitoes (ie,_____ ,______) that inhabit the moist forest canopy. •Persons involved in _____ activities come in contact with these mosquitoes In the forest and become infected.

monkeys monkey To monkey ; arboreal Haemagogus, Aedes forest clearing

________ is the most common of all Corona viruses

SARS COV2

Which are more? Human or Animal coronaviruses?!

Animal coronaviruses

SARS Covid 1- year ____ , in _____

2003 China

Outbreak of animal corona virus was in ??

2012

HkU causes (mild or severe?) infections

Mild

Origin of MERS COV is in ??

Camel

Omicron variant - First noticed in ______ Virulent or Not virulent?

South Africa Not virulent

The omicron variant spreads slow T/F

F Can spread very fast

Delta variant First noticed in ______ Not virulent or virulent?

India Virulent

Coronaviridae is one of the largest RNA viruses T/F

Regarding the Pathophysiology of COVID-19 In mild illness- limited to ____ In moderate Illness-when it gets to the ____, can lead to _____ In severe illness - when it gets to the ________

Upper respiratory tract Lungs; viral pneumonia Alveolar epithelial cell

Other diseases caused by picornaviruses ______itis ————-itis ___________ disease ___________itis

Encephal Myocard Foot and mouth Pericard

Rhinovirus that causes _____ has over ____ serotypes

Common cold 100

Enterovirus - A-__ Rhinovirus-A-___

L C

Coxsackie and echovirus lead to _______ Enterovirus 7,& 8 lead to _______ infections

Aseptic meningitis Respiratory

Which are larger, DNA or RNA Viruses

DNA

Adenoviruses cause _____ respiratory tract infection

Upper and lower

Flaviviruses are _____borne viruses

Arthropods( arboviruses)

Flaviviruses are mostly transmitted by ____ and ____

Mosquitoes and ticks

Consequences of Flaviviruses having closely related antigens?

They can cross react during antigen-antibody reactions Can lead to false positive reactions

Hepacivirus is transmitted by arthropods T/F

F It’s not

Yellow fever has a vaccine T/F

Yellow fever outbreak started in _____

Kwara state

Yellow fever is transmitted in ___ cycles

Which cause more epidemics? Urban Yellow fever or jungle yellow fever transmission

jungle yellow fever

Pathogenesis of COVID 19 •Viral ___ protein binds to _____ receptor on lungs, heart, kidneys and GI tract •____________- an accentuated immune response to triggers such as viral infections.IL-1,6,7, TNF-a, IFN-y •Viral replication leads to ________ cells apoptosis + Exaggerated _____ in lung tissue equals an extensive _________ called _________

S; ACE CSS (Cytokine Storm syndrome) Alveolar epithelial; immune response alveolar damage ; ARDS (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome)

MANAGEMENT of coronavirus DIAGNOSIS: ________ Swab, ________ , ______ , endotracheal aspirate, ________. RT-PCR, Antigen Detection, ELISA

Nasopharyngeal Nasopharyngeal wash sputum; Bronchoalveolar lavage

MANAGEMENT of CORONA Treatment: ________ treatment, however ______ is commonly used Supportive care: _______ supplementation, ICU-_______ PREVENTION: Infection control, ____

No specific ; Remdesivir Oxygen; ventilation vaccines

Adenovirus It is associated with a number of conditions including Gastroenteritis (Group ____)

Pathophysiology of COVID 19 Binding of the inhaled sars Cov2 to the ————- cells in the _____ epithelium via ____ receptor Leading to Viral replication and propagation with a _______ immune response Involvement of the _______,_________ and migration into the __________ Invasion and infection of the ______________ cells via ______ Release of IL-1, IL-__( main culprit), 8,10,12 etc to form a ______ Chemoattraction for neutrophils, CD4 and CD8 cells along with B cell differentiation Sequestration of inflammatory cells in the lungs tissues with _______ as well as _________ ( host defense and attempts at viral clearance)

cilliated secretory ; nasal; ACE-2 limited conducting airways , upper respiratory tracts ; lower respiratory tracts type 2 pulmonary alveolar epithelial ; ACE2 6; cytokine storm CD8 mediated cytotoxicity;

Pathophysiology of COVID 19 Burning of the inhaled sars Cov2 to the cilliated secretory cells in the nasal epithelium via ACE-2 Viral replication and propagation with a limited immune response Involvement of the conducting airways , upper respiratory tracts and migration into the lower respiratory tracts Invasion and infection of the type 2 pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells via ACE2 Viral replication and release of viral particles with resulting _____ of the host cells Continuing viral replication and infection of the ________ cells with loss of _________________ pneumocytes Diffuse alveolar damage with resulting into __________

apoptosis adjacent healthy alveolar epithelial both type 2 and type 1 acute respiratory distress syndrome ( ARDS)

One month after school has been let out for the summer, a 16-year-old girl develops fever, myalgia, and headache. An outbreak of an illness with similar symptoms caused by an echovirus is known to be occurring in the community. The primary anatomic site of echovirus multiplication in the human host is (A) The muscular system (B) The central nervous system (C) The alimentary tract (D) The blood and lymph system (E) The respiratory system