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House Microbiology > Corona , picorna, Adeno > Flashcards

Corona , picorna, Adeno Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Coronaviruses

•Virion:________, 120–160 nm in diameter, ______ nucleocapsid

A

Spherical

helical

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2
Q

Coronaviruses

Proteins: ____ glycoproteins and ____ ——-protein.

Some viruses contain a third glycoprotein (________)

Envelope: Contains (small or large?) , widely spaced, ____ or _____ -shaped spikes

A

Two; one; phospho

hemagglutinin esterase

Large

club- or petal

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3
Q

Coronaviruses

Genome:
______ -stranded

DNA or RNA?

linear or circular? ,

segmented or nonsegmented?

, ______-sense

A

Single

RNA

linear

non segmented

positive

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4
Q

Coronaviruses

Replication: is in the _________; particles mature by _____ into _____ and _____

A

Cytoplasm; budding

endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi

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5
Q

Coronaviruses

Outstanding characteristics:

Cause ____,____,_______

Display (low or high?) frequency of recombination

(Easy or Difficult?) to grow in cell culture

A

colds and SARS AND COVID

High

Difficult

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6
Q

Coronaviruses

Genus – _______virus

Genus – ________virus

A

Betacorona

Alphacorona

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7
Q

Coronaviruses
Genus – Betacoronavirus

Species

_______
_______
________
_______

A

SARS CoV
SARS CoV 2
MERS CoV
Human coronavirus HKU1

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8
Q

Coronaviruses

Genus – Alphacoronavirus

Species
__________

A

Human coronavirus 229E

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9
Q

SARS-CoV – 2

_______ structural proteins, including _______________________

Has at least ____% similarity in genetic sequence to _______

A

four

nucleocapsid (N), spike (S), membrane (M), and envelope (E)

70

SARS-CoV.

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10
Q

Like MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2 originated in ______.

A

bats

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11
Q

SARS-CoV – 2

Viral variants emerge when the virus develops one or more mutations that differentiate it from the predominant virus variants in circulation
Eg ____,______,_____……….

A

Omicron, delta, alpha

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12
Q

Picornaviridae
•Virion: _________, 28–30 nm in diameter

contains ____ subunits

Genome:_____-stranded RNA, (linear or circular?) , _____ sense

A

Icosahedral; 60

Single; linear; positive

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13
Q

Picornaviridae

Proteins:____ major polypeptides cleaved from a large precursor polyprotein.

Surface capsid proteins ______ sand ___ are major _____________.

_____ is an _____ protein.

A

Four

VP1 and VP3 ; antibody- binding sites

VP4; internal

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14
Q

Picornaviridae

Envelope: ___

Replication: ______

A

None

Cytoplasm

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15
Q

Picornaviridae

Outstanding characteristic: Family is made up of many enterovirus and rhinovirus types that infect humans and lower animals, causing various illnesses ranging from ________ to _______ to _____

A

poliomyelitis to aseptic meningitis to the common cold.

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16
Q

Picornaviridae
Genus – ____ovirus

Genus – ______virus

A

Enter

Hepato

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17
Q

Picornaviridae

Genus – Hepatovirus

Species – _________ virus

A

Hepatitis A

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18
Q

Adenoviridae

Virion:________, 70–90 nm in diameter, 252 capsomeres; fiber projects from each vertex

A

Icosahedral

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19
Q

Adenoviridae

Genome:

______ -stranded

DNA or RNA

linear OR Circuar

Envelope:____
Replication: _____

A

Double

DNA

Linear

None; Nucleus

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20
Q

Adenoviridae

Proteins: Important antigens ( ____,______ ,______ ) are associated with
the major outer capsid proteins

A

hexon, penton base, fiber

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21
Q

Adenoviridae

Genus – _________virus
Species – ——— virus___-__

Infections of the ___,______,_____

A

Mastadeno

Human adeno; A – G

eye, GI, respiratory tract infections

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22
Q

Flaviviridae

_______, 40–60 nm in diameter.

Genome:______ sense, _____-stranded RNA, 11 kb in size. Genome RNA infectious.

Presence or absence of Envelope?

A

Spherical

positive

single

Presence

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23
Q

Flaviviridae

_______ structural protein –_________________

_____ non structural protein

A

Three; envelope, capsid, premembrane protein

7

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24
Q

Flaviviridae

Replication: _________.

Assembly: within ________

A

cytoplasm

endoplasmic reticulum.

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25
Q

All flaviviruses serologically related

T/F

A

T

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26
Q

Flaviviridae
Genus – ____virus

Genus – _____virus

A

Flavi

hepaci

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27
Q

Flaviviridae
Genus – Flavivirus

Species –

________
_______
_______
_______
__________
___________

A

Yellow fever virus
Dengue virus
West nile virus
Zika virus
Tick borne encephalitis virus
St. Louis encephalitis virus,

28
Q

Flaviviridae

Genus – hepacivirus

Species- __________

A

Hepacivirus C/Hepatitis C virus

29
Q

_________virus is the prototype member of the Flaviviridae family.

A

Yellow fever

30
Q

Yellow fever virus

It causes yellow fever, ( acute or chronic?) , febrile, _____ borne illness that occurs in the ______ and ______ of ______ and _____

A

Acute ; mosquito

Tropics and subtropics; Africa and South America

31
Q

Yellow fever

Large epidemics of yellow fever occur when infected people introduce the virus into ______ populated areas with __________

and where most people have _______________ due to _____________

A

heavily

high mosquito density

little or no immunity, due to lack of vaccination.

32
Q

Transmission of yellow fever

•Urban yellow fever
____-_____ transmission

by _________________ mosquitoes.

A

Person-to-person

domestic Aedes aegypti

33
Q

Transmission of yellow fever

Jungle yellow fever

•primarily a disease of ________
•transmitted from ____ to ____ by ______ mosquitoes (ie,_____ ,______) that
inhabit the moist forest canopy.

•Persons involved in _____
activities come in contact with these mosquitoes In the forest and become infected.

A

monkeys

monkey To monkey ; arboreal

Haemagogus, Aedes

forest clearing

34
Q

________ is the most common of all Corona viruses

A

SARS COV2

35
Q

Which are more?

Human or Animal coronaviruses?!

A

Animal coronaviruses

36
Q

SARS Covid 1- year ____ , in _____

A

2003

China

37
Q

Outbreak of animal corona virus was in ??

A

2012

38
Q

HkU causes (mild or severe?) infections

A

Mild

39
Q

Origin of MERS COV is in ??

A

Camel

40
Q

Omicron variant -

First noticed in ______
Virulent or Not virulent?

A

South Africa

Not virulent

41
Q

The omicron variant spreads slow

T/F

A

F

Can spread very fast

42
Q

Delta variant

First noticed in ______
Not virulent or virulent?

A

India

Virulent

43
Q

Coronaviridae is one of the largest RNA viruses

T/F

A

T

44
Q

Regarding the Pathophysiology of COVID-19

In mild illness- limited to ____

In moderate Illness-when it gets to the ____, can lead to _____

In severe illness - when it gets to the ________

A

Upper respiratory tract

Lungs; viral pneumonia

Alveolar epithelial cell

45
Q

Other diseases caused by picornaviruses

______itis
————-itis
___________ disease
___________itis

A

Encephal

Myocard

Foot and mouth

Pericard

46
Q

Rhinovirus that causes _____ has over ____ serotypes

A

Common cold

100

47
Q

Enterovirus - A-__
Rhinovirus-A-___

A

L

C

48
Q

Coxsackie and echovirus lead to _______

Enterovirus 7,& 8 lead to _______ infections

A

Aseptic meningitis

Respiratory

49
Q

Which are larger, DNA or RNA Viruses

A

DNA

50
Q

Adenoviruses cause _____ respiratory tract infection

A

Upper and lower

51
Q

Flaviviruses are _____borne viruses

A

Arthropods( arboviruses)

52
Q

Flaviviruses are mostly transmitted by ____ and ____

A

Mosquitoes and ticks

53
Q

Consequences of Flaviviruses having closely related antigens?

A

They can cross react during antigen-antibody reactions

Can lead to false positive reactions

54
Q

Hepacivirus is transmitted by arthropods

T/F

A

F

It’s not

55
Q

Yellow fever has a vaccine

T/F

A

T

56
Q

Yellow fever outbreak started in _____

A

Kwara state

57
Q

Yellow fever is transmitted in ___ cycles

A

2

58
Q

Which cause more epidemics?

Urban Yellow fever or jungle yellow fever transmission

A

jungle yellow fever

59
Q

Pathogenesis of COVID 19

•Viral ___ protein binds to _____ receptor on lungs, heart, kidneys and GI tract

•____________- an accentuated immune response to triggers such as viral infections.IL-1,6,7, TNF-a, IFN-y

•Viral replication leads to ________ cells apoptosis + Exaggerated _____ in lung tissue equals an extensive _________ called _________

A

S; ACE

CSS (Cytokine Storm syndrome)

Alveolar epithelial; immune response

alveolar damage ; ARDS (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome)

60
Q

MANAGEMENT of coronavirus

DIAGNOSIS: ________ Swab, ________ , ______ , endotracheal aspirate, ________.
RT-PCR, Antigen Detection, ELISA

A

Nasopharyngeal

Nasopharyngeal wash

sputum; Bronchoalveolar lavage

61
Q

MANAGEMENT of CORONA

Treatment: ________ treatment, however ______ is commonly used

Supportive care: _______ supplementation, ICU-_______

PREVENTION: Infection control, ____

A

No specific ; Remdesivir

Oxygen; ventilation

vaccines

62
Q

Adenovirus

It is associated with a number of conditions including Gastroenteritis (Group ____)

A

F

63
Q

Pathophysiology of COVID 19

Binding of the inhaled sars Cov2 to the ————- cells in the _____ epithelium via ____ receptor

Leading to Viral replication and propagation with a _______ immune response

Involvement of the _______,_________ and migration into the __________

Invasion and infection of the ______________ cells via ______

Release of IL-1, IL-__( main culprit), 8,10,12 etc to form a ______

Chemoattraction for neutrophils, CD4 and CD8 cells along with B cell differentiation

Sequestration of inflammatory cells in the lungs tissues with _______ as well as _________ ( host defense and attempts at viral clearance)

A

cilliated secretory ; nasal; ACE-2

limited

conducting airways , upper respiratory tracts ; lower respiratory tracts

type 2 pulmonary alveolar epithelial ; ACE2

6; cytokine storm

CD8 mediated cytotoxicity;

64
Q

Pathophysiology of COVID 19

Burning of the inhaled sars Cov2 to the cilliated secretory cells in the nasal epithelium via ACE-2

Viral replication and propagation with a limited immune response

Involvement of the conducting airways , upper respiratory tracts and migration into the lower respiratory tracts

Invasion and infection of the type 2 pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells via ACE2

Viral replication and release of viral particles with resulting _____ of the host cells

Continuing viral replication and infection of the ________ cells with loss of _________________ pneumocytes

Diffuse alveolar damage with resulting into __________

A

apoptosis

adjacent healthy alveolar epithelial

both type 2 and type 1

acute respiratory distress syndrome ( ARDS)

65
Q

One month after school has been let out for the summer, a
16-year-old girl develops fever, myalgia, and headache. An outbreak of an illness with similar symptoms caused by an echovirus is known to be occurring in the community. The primary
anatomic site of echovirus multiplication in the human host is
(A) The muscular system
(B) The central nervous system
(C) The alimentary tract
(D) The blood and lymph system
(E) The respiratory system

A

C

House Microbiology (93 decks)

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