Bacteria skin infections Flashcards
Functions of the skin
Prevents excessive ______
Important to _____ regulation
Involved in _____ phenomena
Barrier against __________
water loss
temperature
sensory
microbial invaders
Wounds allow microbes to infect deeper tissues
T/F
T
The skin has normal flora just like any other part of the body
T/F
T
The skin’s flora is composed of _______,________, and ________ bacteria etc
aerobic cocci, aerobic and anaerobic coryneform
Major function of skin flora is to ___________ by Providing __________ for pathogenic microorganism
By hydrolizing ______ of _____ to produce _________ which are toxic to many bacteria
prevent skin infections
ecological competition
lipids of sebum
free fatty acids
Microbiota
____tolerant
Dense populations in skin _____
Total numbers determined by ________ and _________
May be opportunistic pathogens
Halo
folds
location and moisture content
The ecology of particular areas of the skin is determined by the availability of moisture, presence of sebaceous lipids, and gaseous environment
T/F
T
Skin
The process of infection involves the interaction between two organisms-the host and the invader
The clinical changes depends on the organisms, its virulence, and patient’s immunity
T/F
T
T
INTRODUCTION
(Acute or Chronic?) bacteria infections generally produce some or all of the classical features of acute inflammation
These cardinal signs includes;
________,_________,__________,_________
Acute
erythema(redness), swelling/oedema, heat/warmth, pain/discomfort
Most skin flora categorized in three groups:
————
__________
___________
Diphtheroids
Staphylococci
Yeasts
Most skin flora categorized in three groups:
Diphtheroids (_________ and ________)
Staphylococci (Staphylococcus _____)
Yeasts (______ and _______)
Corynebacterium and Propionibacterium
epidermidis
Candida and Malassezia
Bacteria skin infections are very (common or rare?)
Common
____,__________, and ________ are the most common bacteria skin infections
Carbuncles,
Cellulitis, impetigo and folliculitis
Impetigo: infection of _______Layer of epidermis
Ecthyma: infection of ____________ Of epidermis
Erysipelas: infection of _________
sub corneal
full thickness
upper half dermis
Cellulitis : infection of the ________
Necrotizing factors: infection of ______ and ______
lower half of dermis
subcutaneous fat and deep fascia
FOLLICULITIS
Introduction- folliculitis is infection of the ________.
Classification is by the _______of the hair
follicles which could be ______ or ______ folliculitis.
hair follicles
depth of involvement
superficial or deep
FOLLICULITIS
Hair follicle can become inflamed by ______ injury, _______ or infection that leads to folliculitis.
physical; chemical irritation
A furuncle develops when the ________ and ____________ are involved.
entire follicle
surrounding tissues
Folliculitis: Causative Agent
Most commonly caused by ______
_____ tolerant
Tolerant of _______
Staphylococcus
Salt
desiccation
Signs and symptoms of folliculitis
Infection of the hair follicle often called a _________
Called a _____ when it occurs at the eyelid base
Spread of the infection can produce _________ or ________
pimple
sty
furuncles or carbuncles
Epidemiology and pathogenesis Of skin infections
The most common form is ______________
It could be multiple or single lesion and can appear on any ———————including head, neck, trunk,buttocks and extremities
superficial folliculitis
skin bearing hair
Epidemiology and pathogenesis Of skin infections
commensal organisms like ____ can be seen in immunocompromised.
Occasionally, gram negative folliculitis can be seen in ________ patients treated with (short or long?) courses of antibiotics.
yeast
acne vulgaris
Long
Epidemiology and Pathogenesis Of skin infections
The use of hot tubs and whirl pools has been classically associated with __________.
Patients with _________ are at increased risk because of higher rate of colonization with S. aureus.
______,________, or _________hair, use of topical _______, hot and humid weather, and diabetes mellitus are all predisposing factors
.
Pseudomonas folliculitis
atopic dermatitis
Shaving, plucking or waxing
corticosteroids
Clinical features of bacterial skin infections
A (shallow or deep?? folliculitis appears as (small or large?) , tender, erythematous _____, often with a _______.
The lesions may be ________ and slighly tender. The lesions are ______ and may scar.
Deep ; large
papules; central pustule.
pruritic; painful
Diagnosis and Differential diagnosis
The diagnosis of bacterial folliculitis is usually based on ______
Gram stain and bacterial cultures can help to identify the causative organisms, especially in recurrent or treatment-resistant cases.
The differential diagnosis includes other forms of folliculitis as well as ___________,__________,____________ and _________
clinical inspection.
acne vulgaris, rosacea, ,pseudofolliculitis barbae , and keratosis pilaris
TREATMENT of skin infections
antibacterial washes that contain _______ or _______
Antibacterial ointments (_______ or __________ 2%)
chlorhexidine or triclosan.
bacitracin or mupirocin
Treatment of skin infections
appropriate oral b-lactamase inhibitor antibiotics, _______ and ________ (e.g clindamycin), _______ can be used for serious cases.
macrolides and lincosamides
flouroquinolones
PSEUDOMONAL FOLLICULITIS
Pseudomonal folliculitis is associated with the use of _________,_______ and, rarely, ____________.
whirlpools, hot tubs
swimming pools
PSEUDOMONAL FOLLICULITIS
P.________ gains entry via ________ or _____ in the skin.
The lesions arise _____ after exposure and resolve in ________
aeruginosa
hair follicles; breaks
8–48 hours
7–14 days.
Clinical features of Pseudomonal folliculitis
Associated symptoms do not imply __________ of P. aeruginosa
These symptoms includes ; __________,_______,_________
systemic spread
painful eyes, malaise, fever
Diagnosis of Pseudomonal folliculitis
The diagnosis can be confirmed by isolation of P. aeruginosa, especially serotype ______, from lesions.
The differential diagnosis includes _____________ folliculitis, insect bites, ________,___________, ________ folliculitis, miliaria and acne vulgaris.
O-11
S. aureus
papular urticaria, Majocchi’s granuloma
eosinophilic
TREATMENT
Treatment is generally not indicated in immunocompetent hosts as it is usually a self-limited process.
Lesions usually resolves spontaneously within seven to ten days
In the case of widespread eruptions, recurrences, immunosuppression or associated systemic symptoms, an oral fluoroquinolone and topical gentamicin can be used.
TREATMENT
Treatment is generally not indicated in immunocompetent hosts as it is usually a self-limited process.
Lesions usually resolves spontaneously within seven to ten days
In the case of widespread eruptions, recurrences, immunosuppression or associated systemic symptoms, an oral fluoroquinolone and topical gentamicin can be used.
PREVENTION of Pseudomonal folliculitis
Personal hygiene and maintenance of _____ and _______
Hand hygiene
Avoid sharing of _______
pools and tubs
towels
Furuncles and Carbuncles
A furuncle is a ______,_________ , firm or fluctuant mass of _______ ———- material arising from the _________.
It is commonly known as ______ or ________
tender, erythematous
walled-off ; purulent
hair follicles
boil or abscess.
Furuncles and Carbuncles
Carbuncles are an aggregate of ____________________ that form (broad or narrow?) (flat or swollen?) , erythematous, (shallow or deep?) and (painful or painless?) masses that usually open and drain through ________.
infected hair follicles
Broad; swollen; deep; painful
multiple tracts
