Bacterial STDs: Neisseria, Chlamydia

Question 1

STDs

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are infections that are passed from one person to another through ________

Answer 1

sexual contact.

Question 2

STDs can be caused by ________ , ________, or ________.

Examples include ________, genital ________, _____________ infection, HIV/AIDS, chlamydia, and syphilis

Answer 2

bacteria, viruses, or parasites

gonorrhea; herpes

human papillomavirus infection

Question 3

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Gram _______
________
(Aerobic or Anaerobic?)
Oxidase ________
(Capsulated or Not capsulated?)
Sensitive to ________ & (hot or cold?) conditions

Answer 3

negative ; diplococci

Aerobic; positive

Not capsulated; dehydration

cold

Question 4

Mode of transmission of Neisseria gonorrhoeae

______ to _______ transmission, through the ________

• causes ________ ________ (purulent ___________)

•________ transmission

Answer 4

Mother to child ; birth canal

ophthalmia neonatorum

purulent conjunctivitis

Sexual transmission

Question 5

Virulence factors of Neisseria Gonorrhea

________
___________ proteins
__________ (LOS)
Ig____ _________

Answer 5

Pili
Outer membrane proteins Lipooligosaccharide (LOS)
IgA protease

Question 6

Diseases caused by N. gonorrhoeae
1) Gonorrhoeae: STD

Men: acute ________ ͢ ________, ________ & ________
Women: ________ ͢ ________ & ________

2) Neonatal ________
3) ________-________
4) ________ infection

Answer 6

acute urethritis ͢ prostate, bladder & epididymis

cervicitis ͢ endometritis & salpingitis

conjunctivitis ; Vulvo-vaginitis

Oral infection

Question 7

Laboratory diagnosis of Neisseria Gonorrhea

Specimen: ________/ ________ discharge/ ________ swab

Transport: ________ or ________ transport medium

Gram stain

Culture: ________ medium, modified ________ medium, modified ________ medium

Answer 7

urethral/ cervical discharge/ pharyngeal swab

modified stuart’s ; amie’s charcoal

chocolate ; Thayer-Martin ; new York city medium

Question 8

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Gram ________

_____cellular

_________

Answer 8

negative

intra

diplococci

Question 9

Lab identification of Neisseria

Catalase ___ve
Oxidase ____ve
________ utilization

Answer 9

Catalase +ve

Oxidase +ve

Glucose utilization

Question 10

Treatment of Neisseria

___________
____________
______________

Answer 10

Ceftriaxone

Azithromycin

Doxycycline

Question 11

Chlamydia

(Obligate or Facultative ?) ____cellular organisms (can grow _________ cells)

They cause sexually transmitted diseases, such as ________ and
________, and ________ ________

Answer 11

Obligate ; intracellular

only within cells; urethritis

cervicitis ; lymphogranuloma venereum

Question 12

_____________ is the most common cause of sexually transmitted disease

Answer 12

C. trachomatis

Question 13

Properties of chlamydiae

They lack the ability to produce _______________ to grow independently and therefore _________________________

They have a ______ cell wall but do not have a _______ _____________ layer

Their cell walls resemble those of Gram-_______ bacteria but lack ___________________

Answer 13

sufficient energy ; can grow only inside host cells

rigid cell wall ; typical peptidoglycan layer

Gram-negative ; muramic acid

Question 14

Properties of Chlamydiae

Chlamydiae have a ________ cycle different from that of all other bacteria.

Answer 14

replicative

Question 15

Properties of Chlamydiae

The cycle begins when the _____cellular, metabolically inert, “_____like”elementary body enters the cell and reorganizes into a (smaller or larger?), metabolically ______, ————- body.

The latter undergoes repeated __________ to form _______ elementary bodies, which are released from the cell

Answer 15

extracellular; spore

larger; active

reticulate ; binary fission

daughter

Question 16

Transmission of chlamydia

C. trachomatis infects only ________

Usually transmitted by ___________ , e.g., _______ or by passage through the _______.

Individuals with asymptomatic genital tract infections are _______ of infection for others.

Answer 16

humans; close personal contact

sexually; birth canal.

important reservoir

Question 17

Pathogenesis of Chlamydiae

C. trachomatis exists in more than ____ immunotypes (__-___).

Types ____,,____, and ____ cause trachoma, a ________________endemic in Africa and Trachoma may _____ over many years and may lead to _________ but causes no __________ illness.

Types ___-____ cause genital tract infections, which are occasionally transmitted to the ____ or the _________

C. trachomatis L1–L3 immunotypes cause _________ _________ , a sexually transmitted disease with lesions on _______ and in ___________\

Answer 17

15 ;A–L

A, B, and C ; chronic conjunctivitis

recur ;blindness ; systemic

D–K ;eyes ; respiratory tract.

lymphogranuloma venereum

genitalia; lymph nodes.

Question 18

Treatment of chlamydiae

___________ (drug of choice)

Answer 18

Azithromycin

Question 19

Laboratory diagnosis of Chlamydiae

Chlamydiae form ______ inclusions, which can be seen with special stains (e.g., _____ stain) or by ____________.

Fluorescent antibody staining or hybridization with a DNA probe.
ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay).
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based test

Answer 19

cytoplasmic

Giemsa ; immunofluorescence.

Question 20

Laboratory diagnosis of Chlamydiae

Chlamydiae can be grown in cell cultures treated with __________ (where they form inclusions containing ________)

Serologic tests

Answer 20

cycloheximide ;?glycogen