Other Parasitic Infections Of The CNS Flashcards
Cerebral paragonimiasis
Causative organism:
Distribution:
Laboratory diagnosis :
Treatment:
Paragonimus species
Asia, Africa
Imaging, ELISA, HPE of biopsy tissue
Praziquantel, surgical resection, anti-epileptics
Cerebral paragonimiasis
Clinical and pathological manifestations
Vomiting, headache, seizures, ______ , ______ vision, _______, _______, cerebral _______ and death
paralysis
blurred vision
hypesthesia
hemiparesis
cerebral hemorrhage and death
Human African trypanosomiasis (late stage)
Causative organism:
Distribution:
Laboratory diagnosis :
Treatment:
Trypanosoma Brucei gambiense and rhodesiense
Africa
Lumbar puncture, blood smears, ELISA
Eflornithine, melarsoprol, fexinidazole
Human African trypanosomiasis (late stage)
Clinical and pathological manifestations
________ changes
confusion,
_______ disturbances;
poor ________ and death
Behavioural changes
sensory disturbances
poor coordination
Cerebral Malaria
Causative organism:
Distribution:
Laboratory diagnosis :
Treatment:
Plasmodium falciparum
Africa
-Microscopy:blood smears, imaging
ACTs, quinine, doxycycline
Cerebral Malaria
Clinical and pathological manifestations
chills; ______________ ; convulsions;
altered _______, ataxia, _________ : other neurologic & psychiatric impairments;
_______ ;________ and ______
orthostatic -hypotension
altered consciousness; hemiparesis
seizures;coma and death
Neurocysticercosis
Causative organism:
Distribution:
Laboratory diagnosis :
Treatment:
Taenia solium (cysticerci)
Worldwide
-Mostly immunological:, imaging
Surgical resection, PZQ + corticosteroid + Albendazole
Neurocysticercosis
Clinical and pathological manifestations:
Headache, confusion, ______, _______ , increased ____________ , _______ leading to death
epileptic; seizures
cranial pressure
ataxia
Cerebral Schistosomiasis
Causative organism:
Distribution:
Laboratory diagnosis :
Treatment:
Schistosoma spp. (eggs)
SE/Asia, S/America, Africa
Imaging, ELISA,HPE/PCR of biopsy, urine, stool
-PZQ+
Cerebral Schistosomiasis
Clinical and pathological manifestations:
Headache: nausea: __________ deficits; epileptic seizures; _________;
focal neurologic
myelitis
Cerebral Sparganosis
Causative organism:
Distribution:
Laboratory diagnosis :
Treatment:
Spirometra mansoni (larvae)
Mainly Asia
Imagine ,ELISA
Surgical resection
Neurohydatidosis( _________________)
Causative organism:
Distribution:
Laboratory diagnosis :
Treatment:
(Cerebral hydatidosis)
Echinococcus spp.
(larvae)
W/wide
Imaging, ELISA , HPE of biopsy tissue
-Surgical resection ‡ long-term
Albendazole’ + PZQ
Cerebral Sparganosis
Clinical and pathological manifestations:
Headache; nausea; seizures; ________ ; unconsciousness ( ______ ), _________ inflammation; ———— lesions
hemiparesis
sudden
granulomatous
wandering
Neurohydatidosis
Clinical and pathological manifestations:
Headache; vomiting; epileptic seizures; ataxia;_________;__________ ; ______ disorders
hemiparesis; hemianopia
Speech
Hookworm-related cutaneous larva migrans (CLM)
Causative organism:
Distribution:
Laboratory diagnosis :
Treatment:
-Ancylostoma caninum;
-A. braziliense;
-Uncinaria stenocephala (larvae)
Worldwide
ELISA, -Epiluminescence microscop
Ivermectin, albendazole , thiabendazole(topical), spontaneous resolution
Cutaneous
Strongyloidiasis (Larva currens)
Causative organism:
Distribution:
Laboratory diagnosis :
Treatment:
Strongyloides stercoralis ‡ (larvae)
W/wide
HPE of skin biopsy
-Ivermectin
- Albendazole
Hookworm-related cutaneous larva migrans (CLM)
Clinical and pathological manifestations:
_______ eruption (linear or _______, slightly _______ , _________ track that moves forward in _________ pattern)’;
intense ________ ; pain; ______ infection
Creeping ; serpiginous ; elevated
erythematous ; irregular pattern)’
pruritus; 2°
Cutaneous
Strongyloidiasis (Larva currens)
Clinical and pathological manifestations:
_______ eruption (esp. in the _______, _______, _______, _______, & _______ ; 5
- 15 cm/h); lesions persist for only ______________.; pruritus
perineum, groin, & thighs
Creeping ;the trunk ; buttocks,
perineum, groin
thighs;
a few hrs
Cutaneous Schistosomiasis
Causative organism:
Distribution:
Laboratory diagnosis :
Treatment:
Schistosoma spp.
(eggs; rarely adult worms)
S/America;SE/Asia; Africa
HPE of skin biopsy, urine and stool microscopy
Praziquantel
Cutaneous Schistosomiasis
Clinical and pathological manifestations:
-Pruritic, ______ skin lesions;
- ________ & _______________ in old lesions
papular
Necrosis
granulomatous infiltrates
Cutaneous Sparganosis
Causative organism:
Treatment:
Spirometra spp.
(larvae)
Surgical removal of larvae’ † PZQ,
Albendazole
Cerebral Amoebiasis (____________________)
Causative organism:
Distribution:
Treatment:
Amebic brain abscess
Entamoeba histolytica (trohoziites)
Worldwide
Neurosurgery+
Metronidazole +
Ceftriaxone
- Cortciosteroid?
Parasitic eosinophilic meningitis
Causative organism:
Distribution:
Treatment:
Gnathostoma spinigerum/G. hispidum (larvae)
South America
-Albendazole’ ‡
-Ivermectin?
Cerebral Strongyloidiasis
Causative organism:
Distribution:
Treatment:
Strongyloides stercoralis (larvae)
Areas endemic for strongyloidiasis
-Ivermectin’ +
Albendazole?
Cerebral Strongyloidiasis
Clinical and pathological manifestations:
_________ ; altered ________;
______ seizures; brain _______
Meningitis
mental status
focal; abscess
Parasitic eosinophilic meningitis
Clinical and pathological manifestations:
_____________
Cerebral oedema
Cerebral Amoebiasis
Clinical and pathological manifestations:
Amoebic _________; altered _____________; disorientation; sleepiness; ______ loss;
Amoebic abscess
altered state of consciousness
memory loss;
Cutaneous Sparganosis
Clinical and pathological manifestations:
______________ nodule(s); itching;
Fixed pruritic
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
Causative organism:
Distribution:
Lab. Diagnosis
Treatment:
Leishmania major”/ tropica/donovani (amastigote)
S/America; Asia; Africa including N° Nigeria;
-PCR/molecular testing
-Microscopy/culture: HPE of lesion/skin biopsy
-Miltefosine
-Liposomal AmB
Cutaneous Gnathostomiasis
Causative organism:
Distribution:
Treatment:
Gnathostoma spinigerum/G.hispidum( larvae)
Western blot , ELISA, Dermoscopy; HPE of skin biopsy after therapy
-Albendazole’ ‡
-Ivermectin?
Sub-/Cutaneous Cysticercosis
Causative organism:
Distribution:
Treatment:
Taenia solium (cysticerci)
India; S/America; Africa
-Surgical excision of larvae’+
-PZQ or
-Albendazole
Cutaneous Fascioliasis
Causative organism:
Distribution:
Treatment:
Fasciola spp. (sub-Yadults)
Vietnam; India
-Surgical excision of larvae’t
-Triclabendazole
-Bithionol
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
Clinical and pathological manifestations:
(Painless or painful?) & (acute or chronic?) skin lesion(s)
(Small or large ?) regional adenopathy;
Painless/painful & chronic
large
Sub-/Cutaneous Cysticercosis
Clinical and pathological manifestations:
(Painless or painful?) ___________ nodules
Painless/painful subcutaneous nodules;
Cutaneous Fascioliasis
Clinical and pathological manifestations:
_________ eruption
(Painless or Painful?) ,
subcutaneous nodules; fever
Creeping eruption
painful