Specimen Collection Transport Flashcards
Transport medium
Allows organisms (______ and ____ ) to ____
Non-nutritive - does not allow organisms to ______
pathogens and contaminants
survive; proliferate
Non-nutritive transport medium
For bacteria – i.e., _____
For viruses -_____________ (VTM)
Cary Blair
virus transport media
Blood for smears
•Collection
-make smear with _____ blood from ______ and fix with _____ or other fixative
•Handling and transport
Transport slides within _______
(Do or Do not ?) refrigerate . With reason
Capillary; finger prick; methanol
24 hours
Do not ; can alter cell morphology
Blood for cultures
Collection
•(Arterial or Venous?) blood
-infants: __-__ml
-children:__-__ ml
-adults: __-___ ml
•Requires ___ technique
•Collect within _____ of fever
Venous
0.5 – 2 ; 2 – 5; 5 – 10
aseptic
10 minutes
if suspect bacterial endocarditis: ___ sets of blood culture should be done
3
Blood for cultures
Handling and Transport
•Collect into bottles with ________
- make sure to change ____ to _____ the broth
•Transport _____ with _____ so as go prevent _______
•Wrap tubes with _____
•Travel at ______ temperature
•Store at __oC if can’t reach laboratory in 24h
infusion broth; needle inoculate
upright with cushion; hemolysis
absorbent cotton
ambient
4
Serum
Collection
•(Arterial or Venous?) blood in _____ test tube
-allow it to ___ for _____ at ambient temperature
-(glass or plastic ?) better than (glass or plastic ?)
Venous; sterile
clot; 30 minutes
Glass; plastic
Serum
Handling
•Place at __-__oC for _______ for at least ______
•Centrifuge at ____ RPM for _____
separates serum from the clot
4-8
clot retraction; 1-2 hours
1 500; 5-10 min
Serum
Transport
___-___ oC if transport lasts less than 10 days
Freeze at ____oC if storage for weeks or months before processing and shipment to reference laboratory
Avoid repeated _______ as that could destroy ___
To avoid _______ : do not freeze unseparated blood
4-8
-20
freeze-thaw cycles; IgM
hemolysis
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
Collection
By _______
Into ______ tubes
In ______ conditions
By a Trained person
Lumbar puncture
Sterile
Aseptic
CSF Handling and transportation
Bacteria
preferably in _______ medium, pre-warmed to 25-37°C before inoculation
OR
transport at ____ temperature (relevant pathogens ______________)
Viruses
transport at ___-__oC (if up to 48hrs or____oC for longer duration)
trans-isolate
ambient; do not survive at low temperatures
4-8; -70
Stool samples
Collection:
•__________ stool samples
•avoid specimens from a ______
•Use ____ or _____ container
• (Do or Do not?) clean with disinfectant
•During an outbreak - collect from ______ patients
Freshly passed
bed pan
sterile or clean
Do not
10-20
Rectal swabs
Advantage
-convenient
-adapted to ______,______ patients and other situations where _______ sample not feasible
small children, debilitated
voided stool
Rectal swabs
Drawbacks
no _______ assessment possible
(More or Less?) material available
not recommended for ____
macroscopic
Less
Viruses
Stool sample
•Timing viruses
-within ______ of onset
Timing for bacteria
during _______
Timing for parasites
________ after onset
48 hours; active phase
as soon as possible
Stool samples
Sample amount for viruses
__-___ml fresh stool from patients (and controls)
Sample amount and size for bacteria
____ sample and _____ from patients, controls and carriers (if indicated)
Sample amount and size for parasites
at least ___________ ml fresh stool from patients and controls
5-10
fresh; two swabs
3 x 5-10
Stool samples
Methods for viruses
fresh stool unmixed with ____ in clean, (wet or dry?) and _____ container
Method for bacterias
_______ medium
For Ag detection/PCR –___ transport medium
Method for parasites
mix with 10%_____ or_____, ___ parts stool to __ part preservative.
_______ samples for Ag detection and PCR
Unmixed; urine; dry and sterile
Cary-Blair; no
formalin; polyvinyl chloride; 3;1; unpreserved
Stool samples
Storage for viruses
refrigerate at __oC; do not ____
store at ___oC - for Ag detection,polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
Storage for bacterias
refrigerate at __oC if testing within 48 hours, ___oC if longer; store at ___oC for Ag detection and PCR
Storage for parasites
refrigerate at __oC; store at ___oC for Ag detection and PCR
4; freeze;-15
4; -70; -15
4; -15
Stool samples
Transport for viruses
__oC (do not ____); _____ for (Ag detection and PCR)
Transport for bacterias
__oC (do not ______); ____ for Ag, PCR detection
Transport
__oC (do not ______); ____ for Ag, PCR detection
4; freeze; dry ice
4; freeze; dry ice
4; freeze; dry ice
Lab coats must be _______ before laundering
decontaminated
Gloves must be worn for work and must be removed when handling ___,_____ etc and before leaving the laboratory
taps, note books
Blood & bodily fluids
Use screened ____ blood, rather than _____ blood if possible , and if not possible, use only ______ blood
animal; human
screened human
All blood and bodily fluids should be considered _________ and treated with due care
potentially infectious
Injuries involving body fluids must be reported to your supervisor IMMEDIATELY
T/F
T
In spillages
______
_________
____
________– ensure that you always have material available to do so
Ensure waste is disposed of properly
Report
Wear protective clothing
Clean up
Decontaminate
Laminar flow cabinets are designed to provide a ___________ to protect _____
clean-air environment
the work
Laminar flow cabinets
provide protection for the operator
T/F
F
Do not
Laminar flow cabinets
Is a substitute for your PPEs
F
not a substitute for your PPEs
Biological Safety Cabinets
Class 1
•Some protection to __________
No protection to _____
Class 2
•Good protection to _____________
Class 3
•______
user & environment; work
user, the environment and the work
Total. enclosure
Autoclaves
Require _______ and an annual ________
Discard autoclaves must be calibrated every ______
You must be trained to use them
regular maintenance; statutory examination
6 months
