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House Microbiology > Orthomyxo,paramyxovirus, rubella > Flashcards

Orthomyxo,paramyxovirus, rubella Flashcards

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1
Q

PICORNAVIRUS

Virion:________ symmetry

Genome :______ sense, _____-stranded (DNA or RNA?) , (linear or circular?) ,

Proteins: ___-___

Envelope: (enveloped or Non-enveloped ?)

Replication: in the _____

A

lcosahedral

Positive

Single; RNA; linear

VP1 – VP4

Non-enveloped; Cytoplasm

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2
Q

Polio virus

Polio (poliomyelitis) mainly affects children under __ years of age.

A

5

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3
Q

As long as a single child remains infected, children in all countries are at risk of contracting polio.

T/F

A

T

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4
Q

Transmission of polio virus

Transmission is ______
Incubation period:____ weeks (range ____ days)

A

faeco-oral

1 – 2

3 – 35

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5
Q

Polio virus

Capsid shell of ___ subunits

A

60

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6
Q

Polio virus

(Small or Large?) family of viruses which consist of Enteroviruses and Rhinoviruses.
One of the (smallest or largest?) group of viruses

A

Large

Smallest

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7
Q

Pathogenesis of polio virus

Primary multiplication takes place in the _______ or _______

The virus first multiplies in the ____, the lymph nodes of the ____, ________ , and the _________

The CNS may then be invaded by way of the _________. Spread along axons of ________ to the CNS

Some cells that lose their function may recover completely

A

oropharynx or intestine.

tonsils; neck

Peyer patches; small intestine.

circulating blood; peripheral nerves

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8
Q

Polio virus

Virus shedding in stool for _____weeks

A

6 – 8

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9
Q

SYMPTOMS of polio virus
Mild disease

•Non paralytic polio can cause ___________

•Paralytic polio leads to ______ paralysis resulting from ______ motor neuron damage.

•Progressive post poliomyelitis muscle atrophy as a result of A ______ of _____ and _______ decades after their ________

A

aseptic meningitis

Acute flaccid ; lower

recrudescence; paralysis and muscle wasting

experience with paralytic poliomyelitis

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10
Q

DIAGNOSIS of polio virus

Specimen- ______,______,____
PCR
Virus culture
Serology
_________________ surveillance

A

stool, throat swab, CSF

Acute flaccid paralysis (AFP)

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11
Q

MANAGEMENT of polio virus
Treatment: ___________

Supportive care: ______ supplementation, ICU-________, ________ therapy, ______therapy

A

No specific treatment

Oxygen

ventilation

Occupational; physio

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12
Q

PREVENTION of polio virus

————-,———-

A

AFP Surveillance, vaccines

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13
Q

Oral polio vaccine

OPV also produces a _______,_________ response in the mucous membrane of the ______.
In the event of infection, these mucosal antibodies _________ inside the intestine.

A

local, mucosal immune

intestines; limit the replication of the wild poliovirus

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14
Q

Advantages of OPV

• OPV is administered _______, hence It can be given by _____ and does not require _______ or ————

•The vaccine is relatively _______.
OPV is (safe or dangerous?) , _____, and induces (short or long?) -lasting immunity to _______ types of poliovirus.

A

orally; volunteers

trained health workers or sterile injection equipment.

inexpensive

safe; effective ; long; all three

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15
Q

Disadvantages of OPV
• in extremely rare cases (approx. 1 in every 2.7 million first doses of the vaccine) the _____________ in OPV can ___________

In some cases it is believed that this ________________ (VAPP) may be triggered by ______________

A

live attenuated vaccine virus

cause paralysis.

vaccine-associated paralytic polio

immune deficiency.

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16
Q

Inactivated polio vaccine

The inactivated polio vaccine produces antibodies in the blood to ____ types of poliovirus

A

all three

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17
Q

Advantages of IPV

• As IPV is not a ‘live’ vaccine, it carries ____ risk of vaccine- associated polio paralysis.

•IPV triggers _______________ response in most people.

A

no

an excellent protective immune

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18
Q

Disadvantages of IPV

• IPV induces _____ levels of immunity in the intestine. As a result, when a person immunized with IPV is infected with ____________, the virus can _________ and be _________, risking continued circulation.

•IPV is _______ times more expensive than oral polio vaccine.
Administering the vaccine requires ___________ and _________ and procedures

A

very low; wild poliovirus; still multiply inside the intestines ; shed in the faeces

over five

trained health workers and sterile injection equipment

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19
Q

Oral polio vaccine (OPV) by _______ in 19__
Inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) by _____ in 19___

A

Albert Sabin; 61

Jonas Salk; 55

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20
Q

ORTHOMYXOVIRUS

Virion:_____ symmetry , 80 – 120nm

Genome : _____ Stranded RNA,

________ sense

Envelope: ________, containing _________ and ______

Replication: in the _______

A

Helical; Single

positive; Enveloped

Hemagglutinin and Neuraminidase

Nucleus

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21
Q

Influenza virus

Influenza A virus consist of ____ and _______ strains

A

human and animal

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22
Q

The _______ and ______ proteins, are used to divide influenza viruses into types ___,___ , and ____

A

nucleocapsid (NP) and matrix (M)

A, B, and C.

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23
Q

___________ in HA and NA, are used to subtype the influenza viruses. .

A

Antigenic variations

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24
Q

15 subtypes of HA (H1–H15) and 9 subtypes of NA (N1–N9), in different combinations.
But

___ HA (_______) and ___ NA (_____) subtypes have been recovered from humans.

A

Four; H1–H3, H5

two; N1, N2

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25
Q

Influenza A(_____) and A(______) subtypes are currently circulating among humans

A

H1N1

H3N2

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26
Q

Influenza virus

•Antigenic drift
Accumulation of _______ in the gene, resulting in _______ changes in the protein.

Sequence changes can alter ________ on the molecule such that a virion can ___________

A

point mutations ; amino acid

antigenic sites

escape recognition by the host’s immune system

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27
Q

Influenza virus

•Antigenic shift

______ changes in the sequence of a viral surface protein, changes that are ______ to be explained by _____.

The ______ genomes of influenza viruses reassort readily in ________ cells.

A

Drastic

too extreme ; mutation

segmented; doubly infected

28
Q

Influenza virus

The mechanism for antigenic shift is ________ between ______ and ____ influenza viruses.

Can result in a _______

A

genetic reassortment

human and avian

pandemic

29
Q

Influenza B and C viruses also exhibit antigenic shift

T/F

A

F

They do not exhibit antigenic shift

30
Q

Influenza
Is a/an (acute or chronic?) viral infection that spreads easily from person to person.

A

Acute

31
Q

Annual epidemics of influenza peak during _____ in _____ regions.

A

winter; temperate

32
Q

Influenza virus spreads from person to person by _______ or by contact with ___________________

A

airborne droplets

contaminated hands or surfaces

33
Q

Clinical features of influenza

___________ tract infection
•chills, headache, and dry cough followed closely by high fever, generalized _______,________, and _____

Pneumonia
•May be complicated by secondary bacterial infection
______,______

A

Upper respiratory

muscular aches, malaise, and anorexia.

S. aureus, H. influenzae

34
Q

Laboratory diagnosis of influenza

PCR
Virus culture
Antigen detection using immunoflourescence assay, ELISA, Rapid test kit
Serology to detect __________ in antibody titre using paired sera

A

4 fold rise

35
Q

Treatment of influenza May reduce _______ and _______

But, Ideally they need to be administered early (within ______ of onset of symptoms)

A

severe complications and deaths.

48 hours

36
Q

Influenza treatment

•__________: oselta____ and zana____ pera_____ and lanina____

•_________: aman______ and riman___

A

Neuraminidase inhibitor

mivir; mivir; mivir; mivir

Adamantanes

tadine; tadine

37
Q

Prevention and control of influenza

________ viral vaccines

Vaccination is for people who live with or care for high risk individuals Such as :

______ at any stage of it

children aged _____ to _____
elderly individuals (≥___ years of age)

individuals with ____ conditions

______ workers.

A

Inactivated

pregnant women

6 months to 5 years

65; chronic medical

health-care

38
Q

Vaccine composition for influenza _______ally that targets the ______ most representative virus types in circulation,
_____ subtypes of influenza __ viruses and __ — virus.

A

biannu

3 (trivalent)

two; A

One; B

39
Q

Paramyxovirus
______ shape , ______, 150 nm or more in diameter (_____nucleocapsid, 13 or 18 nm)

____-stranded RNA,(linear or circular?)

Segmented or non segmented?) , ________ sense, about 15 kb

A

Spherical; pleomorphic

helical

Single; linear

nonsegmented; negative

40
Q

Paramyxovirus

Contains viral glycoprotein (___,—-, or ___)
which sometimes carries ____________ activity) and ______ glycoprotein

A

G, H, or HN

hemagglutinin or neuraminidase

Fusion (F)

41
Q

Paramyxovirus

Replication: _____; particles bud from _____

A

Cytoplasm

plasma membrane

42
Q

Influenza virus

_____ structural proteins,_____ nonstructural

A

Nine

one

43
Q

Influenza virus

Influenza __ virus consist of human and animal strains

A

A

44
Q

Influenza A virus consist of ____________ strains

A

human and animal

45
Q

Influenza virus

Only type __ has designated subtypes.

A

A

46
Q

Influenza Viruses circulate worldwide and can affect any age group.

T/F

A

T

47
Q

Paramyxovirus

•Contains viral glycoprotein (_____,____, or ____ ) which sometimes carries _______ or _________ activity

•____ (F) glycoprotein

•_____ structural proteins

A

G, H, or HN

hemagglutinin or neuraminidase

Fusion

6- 8

48
Q

Classification of paramyxovirus

•____virus

•____virus

•____virus

A

Respiro

Rubula

Morbili

49
Q

Classification of paramyxovirus

•Respirovirus
___________
______________

A

Human Parainfluenza virus 1

Human Parainfluenza virus 3

50
Q

Classification of paramyxovirus

•Rubulavirus
____________
______________
_________________

A

Human Parainfluenza virus 2

Human Parainfluenza virus 4

Mumps virus

51
Q

Classification of paramyxovirus

•Morbilivirus

_______virus

A

Measles

52
Q

Pneumoviridae

Genus ___________

Genus ________

A

orthopneumovirus

metapneumovirus

53
Q

Pneumoviridae

Genus orthopneumovirus
–__________ virus/_________virus

Genus metapneumovirus

– _________________ virus

A

Human respiratory syncytial; human orthopneumo

Human metapneumo

54
Q

Rubella virus

____viridae
Genus –______

A

Toga

rubivirus

55
Q

Rubella virus

Has ___ invetebrate host

A

No

56
Q

Rubella virus

Enveloped or naked
___________ shape
Spherical 20 -70nm
_____ stranded
________ sense
RNA or DNA

A

Enveloped

Icosahedral

Single

positive

RNA

57
Q

RUBELLA VIRUS

Formerly classified with the
——viruses, but now belong to a different class called ______viruses.

A

Toga; Matona

58
Q

RUBELLA VIRUS

TRANSMISSION:
Rubella virus is spread by the ______ route among humans

A

respiratory

59
Q

Rubella virus PATHOGENESIS

Initial cytolytic infection is established in the _________, then _________, then other tissues

Shedding of virions into respiratory droplets occurs during the ________ period and for as long as ______ after onset of the rash.

A

upper respiratory tract

local lymph nodes

2-week prodromal ; 2 weeks

60
Q

Rubella virus

Transplacental infection in ________ women , leading to viral replication in fetal tissues and possible ______ effects

A

nonimmune pregnant; teratogenic

61
Q

Rubella virus

Antiviral antibody appears after _______ and helps limit virion spread

A

viremia

62
Q

DISEASE OF RUBELLA
Rubella (_________)
_________ rubella

A

German measles

Congenital

63
Q

DISEASE OF RUBELLA
Rubella (German measles)

In children, disease is (benign or malignant?) , consisting of _______ and a ____________ rash that lasts _______, starting on the ____ and spreading ____ward over the ______ and ______

A

Benign ; swollen glands

pink maculopapular; 3 days

face; down

trunk and extremities.

64
Q

DISEASE OF RUBELLA
Rubella (German measles)

In adults, disease is (more or less?) severe, with ______,_______, _______ (rare), and possible postinfectious ______ due to the immune response

A

More

arthralgia, arthritis

thrombocytopenia

encephalitis

65
Q

DISEASE OF RUBELLA
Congenital rubella

Transplacental infection of fetus until the ___ week of gestation can lead to _____,_______, and ___________ .

Maternal _____________ resulting from earlier infection or vaccination prevent viral spread to the placenta and fetus

A

20th; cataracts, mental retardation, and deafness

antirubella antibodies

66
Q

MANAGEMENT

PREVENTION
Routine immunization is done with ____________ as part of the_____ vaccine.

A

live attenuated virus

MMR

67
Q

MMR vaccine is ???

A

Measles
Mumps
Rubella

House Microbiology (93 decks)

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