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Micro Practical Flashcards

1
Q

Aspergillus

______ on ______ agar

A

Green on saboraud dextrose agar

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2
Q

Aspergillus

Infections caused?

A

Aspergillosis
Allergic Bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis

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3
Q

Aspergillus

Sample ?

Diagnosis?

A

Sputum, tissue biopsy, BAL

Microscopy, culture, sensitivity, PCR

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4
Q

Aspergillus

Agar?

Staining agent?

A

Saboraud dextrose

Lactophenol cotton blue stain

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5
Q

Aspergillus

Treatment?

A

Voriconazole

Itraconazole

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6
Q

Proteus _______

_______ motility on ______ agar

A

Mirabilis

Swarming

Blood

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7
Q

Proteus 3 each

Infections ?

Treatment??

A

UTI, pneumonia, wound infections

Penicillin , ampicillin, cephalosporin

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8
Q

Proteus

______ positive

H2S (pos or neg?)

Gram _____

_____ shape

Motile or non-motile

Lactose (ferment or non-ferment?)

_____ odor

Habitat?

A

Urease; pos

Neg ; rod

Motile

Non-ferment

Fishy ; soil,water

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9
Q

Agar; Normal ; lactose fermenters

MacConkey

Eosin methylene Blue

A

Yellow; pink

Red; green with a metallic sheen

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10
Q

The dye methylene blue in the medium , EMB, helps to ____________________________________

A

inhibit the growth of gram-positive bacteria

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11
Q

All Enterobacteriales are gram _______ , except???

A

Negative

Pseudomonas

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12
Q

We have proteus ———— or proteus ________

A

Mirabilis

Vulgaris

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13
Q

usefulness of christensen medium?

A

Detect Urease production

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14
Q

Urease production

Medium: ?

Indicator: ?

Positive reaction is from —— to _______

Other urease positive organisms

A

christensen medium

Phenol red

Yellow to pink/red

Proteus, H,pylori, brucella, yersenia, corynebacterium

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15
Q

Corynebacterium

Gram ______
_____ shape

Motility?

Catalase (pos or neg?)

Virulence factors??

Other species

A

Negative

Club

Non-motile

Positive

Fimbriae,pilli, diphtheria toxin

Gravis, mitis, intermedius

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16
Q

Diphtheria toxin has 3 domains

List

A

Active

Binding

Hydrophobic

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17
Q

The agar can be divided into two. Top and bottom, bottom turning _____ means ______ fermentation. Top turning _______ means _______ fermentation.

Black is _____ production.

Space at the bottom is ____ production

A

Yellow; glucose

Yellow; lactose

H2S; gas

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18
Q

metachromatic granules of Corynebacterium diphtheriae can be observed with which stains

A

Albert stain

Lugol iodine

Methylene blue

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19
Q

Describe the metachromatic granules of corynebacterium

A

Green bacilli with bluish slick

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20
Q

_________ is used for selective isolation and differentiation of Corynebacterium diphtheriae types.

A

Cystine Tellurite agar

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21
Q

Corynebacterium

_______ test for toxin production, and what’s the presentation

A

Elek’s test

Precipitin line/zone of equivalence

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22
Q

Aspegullus Flavus colonies on saboraud agar is ???

Describe aspergillus Niger

A

Green

Black center, bright halo around it

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23
Q

Neisseria gonorrhea

Medium- ?

Gram ______

Shape?

Treatment

Infections

A

Modified martins-thayer

Negative

Bean shaped/ diplococci

Third generation cephalosporins

Genital gonorrhea, pharyngeal gonorrhea

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24
Q

Oxidase test

A drop of oxidase reagent was was placed on the right and left side of the filter paper

When N.gonorrhea is dropped on one side, it turns it _____ or ______ while E.coli _____________________

A

Purple or black

Does not produce anything

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25
Q

NAAT-??

A

Nucleic acid amplification test

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26
Q

E.coli

Gram _______

Motility?

oxidase (pos or neg?)

Ferment lactose or non-fermenter

H2S (pos or Neg?)

A

Negative ; motile

Negative

Ferment lactose

Negative

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27
Q

E.coli

Toxin produced?

Disease produced?

A

Shiga-toxin; Cholera toxin

UTI, diarrhea, sepsis, meningitis

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28
Q

E.coli

Species?

A

ETEC
EHEC
EIEC
EAEC

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29
Q

Media : normal color; indicator

MacConkey

EMB

Klighler iron

Christensen

A

Yellow; neutral red

Red; eosin Y and methylene blue

Red ; phenol red

Yellow; phenol red

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30
Q

Klebsiella

How to recognize it?

Gas or no gas?

Motile or non-motile?

Indole (pos or neg?)

A

Mucoid colonies

Gas; non-motile

Negative except oxytoca and ornithological

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31
Q

Klebsiella

Other spices ?

Virulence factors?

Disease?

A

Pneumoniae, oxytoca, granulomatis

Pilli, LPS, polysaccharide capsules, Siderophores

UTI, liver abscess, pneumonia

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32
Q

Mention 2 organism that can be cultured on chocolate agar?

A

Haemophilus influenzae

Neisseria gonorrhea

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33
Q

Chocolate what is a ________ agar

A

Enriched

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34
Q

2 selective media where you can find Neisseria

A

Blood
Chocolate

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35
Q

MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS

Acid fast stain- primary dye is ________, decolonizing agent is __% alcohol for tuberculosis, ____% alcohol for leprae, counter stain is ________ or _______

A

carbol fuschin

3; 1

methylene blue or Malachite green

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36
Q

MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS

Acid fast organisms are _______,______

Colony morphology of an LJ medium: are _________,_______, and ______

Contents of LJ medium: ____,______,______,_____

Specimen: ______,________,_______, and _____

Disease caused by mycobacteriums : ______,________,_______

Treatment: _____

A

mycobacteriums, nocardia

non pigmented, rough, and dry

salt, glycerol, malachite green, and antibiotics

Sputum, CSF, gastric washing, and pleural fluid

Tuberculosis, POTT’s disease, leprosy

RIPE

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37
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Uses of LJ medium: to _______ , test ____________ of _________, and ________

A

diagnose disease

antibiotic susceptibility of isolate

differentiate species

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38
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Tb produces large quantity of _____, other mycos don’t

Gold standard is ______ medium

A

niacin

Lowenstein Jensen

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39
Q

LJ medium could also be used for ______ and ______ besides tuberculosis

A

Leprae

Bovis

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40
Q

Malachite green is a _____, that ________________ and ___________

A

dye

Kills normal flora and prevents contamination

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41
Q

Substitute for LJ is _____________ medium

A

middlebrook TH1

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42
Q

Broth’s media

They utilize ____________, releasing ______, which is detected by the machine

A

C-palmitic acid

Co2

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43
Q

List 2 counter stains that can be used in place of Ziehl neelsen

A

Malachite green, Methylene blue

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44
Q

BACTERIODES!

Can cause- ________,________,_______,________

Found in ______,________,_______

Virulence factors- ______,_______

A

diabetic ulcer, bacteremia, abscesses, decubitus

GI, vagina, urethra

polysaccharide capsule, fimbrae

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45
Q

Bacteriodes

Isolation procedures - use of ________ to remove debris and _________ which accumulates on the _______

A

sterile toothpicks

white soft tar tar

molar teeth

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46
Q

Bacteriodes

______ and ______, ____ pigmentation on ______ agar

A

Shiny and smooth

Black

Blood

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47
Q

Bacteriodes

Gram _________

Catalase (pos or neg?)

Superoxide dismutase (pos or neg?)

A

Negative

Positive

Positive

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48
Q

Bacteriodes

Other species

Treatment

A

Fragilis, corodens

Drainage of abscess, debridement , metronidazole

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49
Q

All anaerobes are sensitive to _______

All aerobes are sensitive to _________

A

metronidazole

gentamicin

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50
Q

Clostridium perfringens

List the toxins

Disease it causes

Forms ______ colonies on _____ agar

A

Alpha, theta

Cellulitis, gas gangrene

Hemolytic ; blood

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51
Q

Clostridium tetani

List the toxins

Disease it causes

A

Tetanospasmin

Tetanus

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52
Q

Clostridium perfringens

In a broth containing fermentible carbohydrates, its growth is accompanied by production of ______ and ______

A

hydrogen and Co2

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53
Q

______ medium for ______ activity (____ reaction)

Specific for clostridium perfringens

A

Egg; lecithinase

Naglar

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54
Q

Clostridium

Gram ______

Grows on ______ agar

_________ broth can be used

A

Positive

Blood

Thioglycolate

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55
Q

Clostridium tetani

On Robertson red meat cooked medium, it ________ the cooked meat as a result of _______ reaction , while perfringens _________ as a result of ______ reaction

A

Blackens; proteolytic

Reddens it; saccarholytic

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56
Q

Reducing substances in Robertson Cooked meat?

A

Haemin

Glutathione

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57
Q

Clostridium

Indole (pos or neg?)

H2S (pos or neg?)

Catalase (pos or neg?)

Oxidase (pos or neg?)

A

POS

POS

Negative

Negative

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58
Q

Salmonella

Antigens: ?

H2S (pos or neg?)

Disease?

Specimen

Motile or not?

A

O(somatic), H(flagella), Vi(capsule)

Positive

Gastroenteritis, typhoid, bacteremia

Blood stool urine

Motile

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59
Q

Salmonella

Selective medium

Enrichment medium

A

Salmonella-shigella
Xyline-Lyosine Deoxycholate agar

Tetrathionate broth, selenite

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60
Q

Salmonella

Treatment

A

Ampicillin, tetracycline

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61
Q

Hektoen agar

For which organism

Changes seen

A

Salmonella and shigella

Forms black colonies on a yellow background

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62
Q

Salmonella rapidly ferments xylose , forming ________, then decarboxylate lysine when xylose is exhausted , turning the colonies _____

A

yellow

red

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63
Q

The _____ test is an advanced way to check for antibodies that your body makes against the salmonella bacteria that causes typhoid fever

A

Widal

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64
Q

Shigella

Motile or not?

H2S (pos or neg?)

Lactose fermentation( pos or neg?)

Urease ( pos or neg?)

Oxidase ( pos or neg?)

Encapsulated or not

A

Non-motile

Negative

Negative

Negative

Negative

Not encapsulated

65
Q

Deoxycholate citrate agar

Lactose fermenters produce …………….. color colonies and may be surrounded by a zone of precipitated ……………. Which is due to acid production
• d. Non lactose fermenter……………… color, due to their alkaline reaction they are surrounded by a…………….. zone of medium

A

Pink; deoxycholate

Colorless, orange yellow zone

66
Q

Pseudomonas aeruguinosa

Disease

Oxygen?

Motility?

Capsule

______ motility

Oxidase( pos or neg?)

Haemolysis or not?

A

Nosocomial infection, UTI

Obligate aerobe

Motile with a polar flagella

Encapsulated

Hanging drop

Positive

Haemolysis

67
Q

Non-selective agar?

Moderately selective agar?

A

Blood

MacConkey agar

68
Q

Pyocyanin

Puoyerdin

A

Blue green

Yellow green

69
Q

Pseudomonas aeruguinosa

Treatment ?

A

Gentamycin, tombramycin, diazobactam

70
Q

Oxidase positive organisms

A

PVNCH

Pseudomonas aeruguinosa, vibrio cholerae, Neisse, campylobacter, haemophilus/ helicobacter

71
Q

Haemophilus influenza

Capsule?

Disease?

Culture

Specimen

Treatment

A

Yes

Otitis media, meningitis, epiglottitis, bronchopneumoniae

Chocolate agar(mucoid colony)

Blood, CSF, nasopharyngeal swab

Ceftriaxone

72
Q

Haemophilus influenza

Indole (pos or neg?)

Urease( pos or neg?)

A

Positive

Positive

73
Q

________, to differentiate H influenzae from other species

A

Satellitism

74
Q

H.ducreyi needs only factor ___ to grow

75
Q

Factor X is ?

Factor V is ?

A

Haemin

NAD

76
Q

______ produces NAD when growing in a medium containing blood

A

Staphylococcus aureus

77
Q

Haemophilus may grow on _____ agar that normally lacks factor ___, if it’s very close to _____

A

Sheep

V

Staphylococcus aureus

78
Q

Organisms that can be cultured on chocolate agar?

A

Hemophilus

Neisseria

79
Q

Staphylococcus

Catalase (pos or neg?)

Coagulase (pos or neg?)

A

Positive

Positive

80
Q

Function of Coagulase?

Types of coagulase

A

Causes plasma to clot (fibrinogen to fibrin)

Free- tube
Bound- slide

81
Q

Staphylococcus grows on _________ and ________ agar

A

Mannitol salt

MacConkey

82
Q

On mannitol salt agar

Aureus is ??

Epidermidis is ??

A

Yellow

Red

83
Q

Ph indicator used in mannitol salt agar is ?

A

Phenol red

84
Q

Staphylococcus aureus

Dnase (pos or neg?)

Toxins?

Hemolysis?

Disease

A

Positive

Exfoliative toxin, toxic shock syndrome

Beta hemolytic

Scalded skin syndrome, cellulitis, pneumoniae

85
Q

Treatment for staphylococcus aureus

Treatment for staphylococcus epidermidis

A

Vancomycin, penicillin

Vancomycin

86
Q

Mannitol salt agar is ___________ medium

A

Selective and don’t differential

87
Q

Streptococcus

___________ In blood agar is particularly selective for streptococcus

A

Crystal violet

88
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae is _________ sensitive

Streptococcus pyogenes is _________ sensitive

A

Optochin

Bacitracin

89
Q

On blood agar, _____ pigmentation is seen around the growth of Streptococcus

90
Q

Streptococcus pneumo

Bile soluble or insoluble

Optochin (sensitive or resistant?)

Catalase (pos or neg?)

Coagulase (pos or neg?)

A

Soluble

Sensitive

Negative

Positive

91
Q

List the :

Alpha haemolytics and their color change

Beta haemolytics and their color change

Gamma haemolytics and their color change

A

Streptococcus pneumonia and viridans; green

Pyogenes, agalacticae; clear

Bovis; no hemolysis

92
Q

RSV

CPE: ??
Nuclei inclusions: ??
Specimen: ??

A

Large syncytia

None

Sputum

93
Q

Measles has ______ center

94
Q

CPE!!

RSV
Enterovirus
Herpes
Poliovirus
Mumps

A

Large syncytia
Ballooning
Ballooning
Plaque formation
Syncytial formation, hemadsorption

95
Q

List the 4 inoculation routes!

A

Amniotic
Yolk sac
Allantoic
Chorioallantoic

96
Q

Amniotic route of inoculation is for ?

A

Measles
Influenza

97
Q

Yolk sac route of inoculation is for ?

A

Herpes

Yellow fever

98
Q

Allantoic route of inoculation is for ?

A

Measles
Avian adenovirus
Newscastle disease virus
Influenza

99
Q

Chorioallantoic route of inoculation is for ?

A

Herpes
Rous sarcoma
Pox virus

100
Q

Tissue culture flask

Contents:

A

Glucose
Isotonic solution of salt
Vitamins
Amino acid
Coenzyme
Antibiotics

101
Q

Contents of Tissue culture flask

Function:
Glucose
Isotonic solution of salt
Vitamins
Amino acid
Coenzyme
Antibiotics

A

Energy source
To maintain isotonicity
Act as coenzymes
To synthesize protein and amino acid
Co-enzyme stuff
Prevent accidental contamination

102
Q

Fluid in tissue culture flask

A

Hela mononuclear cell later

103
Q

Tissue culture flask

Original color?
Virus growing color?

A

Orange
Yellow

104
Q

Function

V shaped microtitter
U shaped microtitter

A

Hemagglutination

Complement

105
Q

T.vaginalis

Causes :?

Treatment:?

Medium for culture :??

Trophozoite motility??

A

Trichomoniasis

Metronidazole, Timidazole

Diamond medium, lash, kupferberge

Jerking motility

106
Q

T.vaginalis

Diagnosis is by ?

A

Wet mount microscopy

Culture

PCR

107
Q

T.vaginalis

Sample?

A

Urethral discharge , vaginal discharge, semen, prostatic fluid

108
Q

Trypanosome

Are ___________

Class ________

A

Haemoflagellates

Mastigophora

109
Q

T.cruzi: ________ disease

T.brucei- : __________ disease

A

Chagas

Sleeping sickness

110
Q

Vectors

T.cruzi

T.brucei

A

Triatoma(kissing bugs)

Glossina

111
Q

Stages in life cycle

T.cruzi

T.brucei

A

Amastigote, epimastigote, blood trypomastigote

epimastigote, blood trypomastigote

112
Q

Trypanosomes

Dark spot is ??

Diagnosis??

Specimen??

Symptoms??

A

Kinetoplast

Parasite in blood

Blood, CSF

Fever, Adenopathy, headache, neuropsychiatric signs

113
Q

Balantudium coli

Phylum :

Infects :??

Diseases??

Invasive stage is the ??

Infective stage is the ??

A

Ciliophora

LI and caecum

Balantidiosis(ciliary dysentry)

Trophozoite

Cyst

114
Q

Balantudium coli

SHAPE of trophozoite, and cyst

A

Oval

Spherical

115
Q

Balantudium coli excyst in the??

116
Q

Balantudium coli

Reproduces by??

Diagnosis ??

Control??

A

Binary fission and conjugation

Motile trophozoite In stool

Cyst killed by booking of water

117
Q

Balantudium coli

Symptoms?

Treatment?

A

Constipation, abdominal pain, weight loss

Metronidazole, tetracycline

118
Q

Entamoeba Histolytica

Disease??

Infective stage??

Diagnosis??

Treatment???

Manifestations???

Complications???

A

Amoebiasis

Cyst

Wet mount, iodine mount

Tinidazole, paromomycin

Diarrhea, Dysentery

Perforation, intussuception, toxic megacolon

119
Q

Babesia

Vector??

Incubation period??

Clinical features ???????

Diagnosis ??

Treatment??

Prevention???

A

Ixodes scapularis

1-6weeks

High Fever ,headache, rigors, Hepatomegaly, splenomegaly

Intra erythrocytic trophozoite in the form of a Maltese cross

Atovaquone,azithromycin

Protection from tick bites

120
Q

Enterobius vermicularis

Treatment??

Diagnosis:??

Time to lay eggs??

Infective stage??

Clinical symptoms?

A

Mebendazole

Scotch tape technique or swube tube

At night

L3(filariaform)

Itchy anal region

121
Q

Ascaris

Risk factor

Who is larger (female or male?)

Clinical features

A

Termite mound-eating

Females

Abdominal discomfort , malabsorption, dyspnea, hemoptysis, cough

122
Q

Ancylosyoma duodenale

Has ______ mouth per teeth

Causes _______, cured by ______

Other species include ???

A

Normal

CLM; ivermectin, albendazole

Brazilense, caninum

123
Q

Ancylostoma ________ larvae causes ______________(DUSN)

A

caninum

Diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis

124
Q

Ancylostoma duodenale

Infective stage is ??

Route is ???

Presentation??

Complication??

A

Filariaform

Percutaneous entry

Ground itch, epigastric pain, watery diarrhea

Iron deficiency Anaemia

125
Q

Ancylostoma duodenale

Affects the ???

126
Q

Ancylostoma duodenale

Diagnosis??

Treatment??

Prevention??

A

Microscopy of eggs in stool

Pyrantel pamoate, benzimidazole

Avoid walking barefooted, dispense faeces, education

127
Q

Trichuris Trichiura

Aka ??

Route or entry?

Adults can be found in the ????

A

Whipworm

Faeco-oral

Ascending colon, caecum, appendix

128
Q

Trichuris Trichiura

Presentation: ________,__________,___________ , hemorrhages

Complication: ________

A

dysentery, weight loss, abdominal pain

Rectal prolapse

129
Q

Trichuris

Diagnosis : ______ shaped _____

Treatment: _______,________

A

Barrel; egg in stool

Benzimidazole, pyrantel palmoate

130
Q

Trichuris

Releases ______ egg, that hatches in the _______ after _____

A

Unembryonated

Duodenum

10days

131
Q

Giardia lamblia

Found in ????
Causes ????

Invective form ?
Feeding form??

A

Duodenum and jejunum
Diarrhea

Mature cyst
Trophozoite

132
Q

Giardia lamblia

Mature cysts have ____ nuclei
Immature cysts have ______ nuclei
Trophozoite has _____ nuclei and _____ pairs of flagella

133
Q

Giardia lamblia

Has ________ for attachment

Excysts in the ????

Encyst in the???

A

Sucking disk

Stomach and duodenum

Colon

134
Q

Giardia lamblia

____ trophozoite is gotten from 1 cyst

Prevention?

Treatment??

Complication ??

A

2

Boiling of water , sound hygiene

Timidazole, metronidazole

Failure to thrive , malabsorption syndrome, skin rash

135
Q

Taenia

Solium : ____ circlets of hooks, (smaller or bigger?)

Saginata: ____ circlets of hooks, (smaller or bigger?)

A

2; smaller

None; bigger

136
Q

Human cysticercosis is caused by ??

137
Q

Solium affects ______

Saginata affects _______

A

Pig/swine

Cattle

138
Q

Diagnosis of Taenia

Macroscopy: ____________

Microscopy: _____________

A

Chain of proglottids

Raidially stunted embryophore enclosed by a shell

139
Q

Taenia, Treatment ?

Cysticercosis, Treatment ?

A

Praziquantel, niclosemide

Praziquantel, naromycin

140
Q

Fasciola hepatica

Aka??

Gotten by eating ____________ contaminated by __________

A

Sheep-liver fluke

Water cress or aquatic plants

Metacercariae

141
Q

Fasciola hepatica

Symptoms??

Diagnosis??

Treatment??

Complication??

A

Hepatomegaly , Fever pain

Egg in feaces

Triclabendazole

Pharyngitis(halzoun)

142
Q

Fasciolopsis buski

________ fluke

Mainly found in??

Transmission is by ???

A

Intestinal

Pig raisers

Ingestion of plant

143
Q

Fasciolopsis buski

Clinical signs??

Diagnosis???

Treatment???

Complication??

A

Loose stool. Abdominal pain, abdominal distension, loss of weight

Yellow-brown egg filled with yolk cell

Praziquantel, niclosamide

Ulceration, bleeding

144
Q

Schistosoma Hematobium has ___________ spine

Schistosoma mansoni has ___________ spine

A

Terminal

Lateral

145
Q

Schistosoma Hematobium uses ______ specie of snail

Schistosoma mansoni uses ______ specie of snail

A

Bulinus spp

Biomphalaria

146
Q

Schistosoma Hematobium is found in??

Schistosoma mansoni is found in??

A

Vesical plexuses

Inferior and superior mesenteric plexuses

147
Q

Schistosomiasis

Infection enters through ??

A

Percutaneous cercarial entry

148
Q

Features of Schistosoma Hematobium

Features of Schistosoma mansoni

A

Hematuria, burning sensation in urethra

Abdominal pain, diarrhea, bloody stool

149
Q

Complications of Schistosoma Hematobium

Complications of Schistosoma mansoni

A

Bladder/Ureter fibrosis, kidney disease

Debility

150
Q

Diagnosis of schistosomiasis

A

Egg in urine sediments from urine sample

151
Q

Popular syndrome in schistosomiasis is ??

A

Katayama fever

152
Q

Microsporidium

Related to ???

Infection ???

Stain??

Diagnosis??

Treatment ??

Prevention?

A

Fungi

Diarrhea , keratoconjuctivitis

Chromotrope

AlBendazole, fumagillin

General hygiene

153
Q

Isospora belli

______ in the environment is required before Oocysts becomes infectious

A

Sporulation

154
Q

Isospora belli

Oocysts ——- ______ ———- __________——-

A

Sporozoite

Merozoites

Sporulated oocyst

155
Q

Isospora belli

Diagnosis ??

Stain?!

Presentation??

A

Oocysts in stool

Acid fast stain

Diarrhea, GI symptoms

156
Q

Cryptosporidium

Ingestion of __________

Syndrome __________

Features ????

A

Oocysts

Malabsorption

Cholera-like diarrhea, G-vomiting , low grade fever

157
Q

Cryptosporidium

Stains??

Diagnosis ??

Treatment???

A

Acid fast stain, kinyoun stain

Oocyst in fresh stool sample

Azithromycin , paramomycin, nitazoxamide

House Microbiology (94 decks)

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