Micro Practical Flashcards by Iseoluwa Ojo

Aspergillus

______ on ______ agar

Green on saboraud dextrose agar

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Aspergillus

Infections caused?

Aspergillosis
Allergic Bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Aspergillus

Sample ?

Diagnosis?

Sputum, tissue biopsy, BAL

Microscopy, culture, sensitivity, PCR

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Aspergillus

Agar?

Staining agent?

Saboraud dextrose

Lactophenol cotton blue stain

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Aspergillus

Treatment?

Voriconazole

Itraconazole

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Proteus _______

_______ motility on ______ agar

Mirabilis

Swarming

Blood

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Proteus 3 each

Infections ?

Treatment??

UTI, pneumonia, wound infections

Penicillin , ampicillin, cephalosporin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Proteus

______ positive

H2S (pos or neg?)

Gram _____

_____ shape

Motile or non-motile

Lactose (ferment or non-ferment?)

_____ odor

Habitat?

Urease; pos

Neg ; rod

Motile

Non-ferment

Fishy ; soil,water

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Agar; Normal ; lactose fermenters

MacConkey

Eosin methylene Blue

Yellow; pink

Red; green with a metallic sheen

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The dye methylene blue in the medium , EMB, helps to ____________________________________

inhibit the growth of gram-positive bacteria

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

All Enterobacteriales are gram _______ , except???

Negative

Pseudomonas

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

We have proteus ———— or proteus ________

Mirabilis

Vulgaris

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

usefulness of christensen medium?

Detect Urease production

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Urease production

Medium: ?

Indicator: ?

Positive reaction is from —— to _______

Other urease positive organisms

christensen medium

Phenol red

Yellow to pink/red

Proteus, H,pylori, brucella, yersenia, corynebacterium

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Corynebacterium

Gram ______
_____ shape

Motility?

Catalase (pos or neg?)

Virulence factors??

Other species

Negative

Club

Non-motile

Positive

Fimbriae,pilli, diphtheria toxin

Gravis, mitis, intermedius

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Diphtheria toxin has 3 domains

List

Active

Binding

Hydrophobic

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The agar can be divided into two. Top and bottom, bottom turning _____ means ______ fermentation. Top turning _______ means _______ fermentation.

Black is _____ production.

Space at the bottom is ____ production

Yellow; glucose

Yellow; lactose

H2S; gas

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

metachromatic granules of Corynebacterium diphtheriae can be observed with which stains

Albert stain

Lugol iodine

Methylene blue

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Describe the metachromatic granules of corynebacterium

Green bacilli with bluish slick

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

_________ is used for selective isolation and differentiation of Corynebacterium diphtheriae types.

Cystine Tellurite agar

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Corynebacterium

_______ test for toxin production, and what’s the presentation

Elek’s test

Precipitin line/zone of equivalence

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Aspegullus Flavus colonies on saboraud agar is ???

Describe aspergillus Niger

Green

Black center, bright halo around it

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Neisseria gonorrhea

Medium- ?

Gram ______

Shape?

Treatment

Infections

Modified martins-thayer

Negative

Bean shaped/ diplococci

Third generation cephalosporins

Genital gonorrhea, pharyngeal gonorrhea

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Oxidase test

A drop of oxidase reagent was was placed on the right and left side of the filter paper

When N.gonorrhea is dropped on one side, it turns it _____ or ______ while E.coli _____________________

Purple or black

Does not produce anything

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

NAAT-??

Nucleic acid amplification test

E.coli Gram _______ Motility? oxidase (pos or neg?) Ferment lactose or non-fermenter H2S (pos or Neg?)

Negative ; motile Negative Ferment lactose Negative

E.coli Toxin produced? Disease produced?

Shiga-toxin; Cholera toxin UTI, diarrhea, sepsis, meningitis

E.coli Species?

ETEC EHEC EIEC EAEC

Media : normal color; indicator MacConkey EMB Klighler iron Christensen

Yellow; neutral red Red; eosin Y and methylene blue Red ; phenol red Yellow; phenol red

Klebsiella How to recognize it? Gas or no gas? Motile or non-motile? Indole (pos or neg?)

Mucoid colonies Gas; non-motile Negative except oxytoca and ornithological

Klebsiella Other spices ? Virulence factors? Disease?

Pneumoniae, oxytoca, granulomatis Pilli, LPS, polysaccharide capsules, Siderophores UTI, liver abscess, pneumonia

Mention 2 organism that can be cultured on chocolate agar?

Haemophilus influenzae Neisseria gonorrhea

Chocolate what is a ________ agar

Enriched

2 selective media where you can find Neisseria

Blood Chocolate

MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS Acid fast stain- primary dye is ________, decolonizing agent is __% alcohol for tuberculosis, ____% alcohol for leprae, counter stain is ________ or _______

carbol fuschin 3; 1 methylene blue or Malachite green

MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS Acid fast organisms are _______,______ Colony morphology of an LJ medium: are _________,_______, and ______ Contents of LJ medium: ____,______,______,_____ Specimen: ______,________,_______, and _____ Disease caused by mycobacteriums : ______,________,_______ Treatment: _____

mycobacteriums, nocardia non pigmented, rough, and dry salt, glycerol, malachite green, and antibiotics Sputum, CSF, gastric washing, and pleural fluid Tuberculosis, POTT’s disease, leprosy RIPE

Mycobacterium tuberculosis Uses of LJ medium: to _______ , test ____________ of _________, and ________

diagnose disease antibiotic susceptibility of isolate differentiate species

Mycobacterium tuberculosis Tb produces large quantity of _____, other mycos don’t Gold standard is ______ medium

niacin Lowenstein Jensen

LJ medium could also be used for ______ and ______ besides tuberculosis

Leprae Bovis

Malachite green is a _____, that ________________ and ___________

dye Kills normal flora and prevents contamination

Substitute for LJ is _____________ medium

middlebrook TH1

Broth’s media They utilize ____________, releasing ______, which is detected by the machine

C-palmitic acid Co2

List 2 counter stains that can be used in place of Ziehl neelsen

Malachite green, Methylene blue

BACTERIODES! Can cause- ________,________,_______,________ Found in ______,________,_______ Virulence factors- ______,_______

diabetic ulcer, bacteremia, abscesses, decubitus GI, vagina, urethra polysaccharide capsule, fimbrae

Bacteriodes Isolation procedures - use of ________ to remove debris and _________ which accumulates on the _______

sterile toothpicks white soft tar tar molar teeth

Bacteriodes ______ and ______, ____ pigmentation on ______ agar

Shiny and smooth Black Blood

Bacteriodes Gram _________ Catalase (pos or neg?) Superoxide dismutase (pos or neg?)

Negative Positive Positive

Bacteriodes Other species Treatment

Fragilis, corodens Drainage of abscess, debridement , metronidazole

All anaerobes are sensitive to _______ All aerobes are sensitive to _________

metronidazole gentamicin

Clostridium perfringens List the toxins Disease it causes Forms ______ colonies on _____ agar

Alpha, theta Cellulitis, gas gangrene Hemolytic ; blood

Clostridium tetani List the toxins Disease it causes

Tetanospasmin Tetanus

Clostridium perfringens In a broth containing fermentible carbohydrates, its growth is accompanied by production of ______ and ______

hydrogen and Co2

______ medium for ______ activity (____ reaction) Specific for clostridium perfringens

Egg; lecithinase Naglar

Clostridium Gram ______ Grows on ______ agar _________ broth can be used

Positive Blood Thioglycolate

Clostridium tetani On Robertson red meat cooked medium, it ________ the cooked meat as a result of _______ reaction , while perfringens _________ as a result of ______ reaction

Blackens; proteolytic Reddens it; saccarholytic

Reducing substances in Robertson Cooked meat?

Haemin Glutathione

Clostridium Indole (pos or neg?) H2S (pos or neg?) Catalase (pos or neg?) Oxidase (pos or neg?)

POS POS Negative Negative

Salmonella Antigens: ? H2S (pos or neg?) Disease? Specimen Motile or not?

O(somatic), H(flagella), Vi(capsule) Positive Gastroenteritis, typhoid, bacteremia Blood stool urine Motile

Salmonella Selective medium Enrichment medium

Salmonella-shigella Xyline-Lyosine Deoxycholate agar Tetrathionate broth, selenite

Salmonella Treatment

Ampicillin, tetracycline

Hektoen agar For which organism Changes seen

Salmonella and shigella Forms black colonies on a yellow background

Salmonella rapidly ferments xylose , forming ________, then decarboxylate lysine when xylose is exhausted , turning the colonies _____

yellow red

The _____ test is an advanced way to check for antibodies that your body makes against the salmonella bacteria that causes typhoid fever

Widal

Shigella Motile or not? H2S (pos or neg?) Lactose fermentation( pos or neg?) Urease ( pos or neg?) Oxidase ( pos or neg?) Encapsulated or not

Non-motile Negative Negative Negative Negative Not encapsulated

Deoxycholate citrate agar Lactose fermenters produce ................. color colonies and may be surrounded by a zone of precipitated ................ Which is due to acid production • d. Non lactose fermenter.................. color, due to their alkaline reaction they are surrounded by a................. zone of medium

Pink; deoxycholate Colorless, orange yellow zone

Pseudomonas aeruguinosa Disease Oxygen? Motility? Capsule ______ motility Oxidase( pos or neg?) Haemolysis or not?

Nosocomial infection, UTI Obligate aerobe Motile with a polar flagella Encapsulated Hanging drop Positive Haemolysis

Non-selective agar? Moderately selective agar?

Blood MacConkey agar

Pyocyanin Puoyerdin

Blue green Yellow green

Pseudomonas aeruguinosa Treatment ?

Gentamycin, tombramycin, diazobactam

Oxidase positive organisms

PVNCH Pseudomonas aeruguinosa, vibrio cholerae, Neisse, campylobacter, haemophilus/ helicobacter

Haemophilus influenza Capsule? Disease? Culture Specimen Treatment

Yes Otitis media, meningitis, epiglottitis, bronchopneumoniae Chocolate agar(mucoid colony) Blood, CSF, nasopharyngeal swab Ceftriaxone

Haemophilus influenza Indole (pos or neg?) Urease( pos or neg?)

Positive Positive

________, to differentiate H influenzae from other species

Satellitism

H.ducreyi needs only factor ___ to grow

Factor X is ? Factor V is ?

Haemin NAD

______ produces NAD when growing in a medium containing blood

Staphylococcus aureus

Haemophilus may grow on _____ agar that normally lacks factor ___, if it’s very close to _____

Sheep V Staphylococcus aureus

Organisms that can be cultured on chocolate agar?

Hemophilus Neisseria

Staphylococcus Catalase (pos or neg?) Coagulase (pos or neg?)

Positive Positive

Function of Coagulase? Types of coagulase

Causes plasma to clot (fibrinogen to fibrin) Free- tube Bound- slide

Staphylococcus grows on _________ and ________ agar

Mannitol salt MacConkey

On mannitol salt agar Aureus is ?? Epidermidis is ??

Yellow Red

Ph indicator used in mannitol salt agar is ?

Phenol red

Staphylococcus aureus Dnase (pos or neg?) Toxins? Hemolysis? Disease

Positive Exfoliative toxin, toxic shock syndrome Beta hemolytic Scalded skin syndrome, cellulitis, pneumoniae

Treatment for staphylococcus aureus Treatment for staphylococcus epidermidis

Vancomycin, penicillin Vancomycin

Mannitol salt agar is ___________ medium

Selective and don’t differential

Streptococcus ___________ In blood agar is particularly selective for streptococcus

Crystal violet

Streptococcus pneumoniae is _________ sensitive Streptococcus pyogenes is _________ sensitive

Optochin Bacitracin

On blood agar, _____ pigmentation is seen around the growth of Streptococcus

Green

Streptococcus pneumo Bile soluble or insoluble Optochin (sensitive or resistant?) Catalase (pos or neg?) Coagulase (pos or neg?)

Soluble Sensitive Negative Positive

List the : Alpha haemolytics and their color change Beta haemolytics and their color change Gamma haemolytics and their color change

Streptococcus pneumonia and viridans; green Pyogenes, agalacticae; clear Bovis; no hemolysis

RSV CPE: ?? Nuclei inclusions: ?? Specimen: ??

Large syncytia None Sputum

Measles has ______ center

Pink

CPE!! RSV Enterovirus Herpes Poliovirus Mumps

Large syncytia Ballooning Ballooning Plaque formation Syncytial formation, hemadsorption

List the 4 inoculation routes!

Amniotic Yolk sac Allantoic Chorioallantoic

Amniotic route of inoculation is for ?

Measles Influenza

Yolk sac route of inoculation is for ?

Herpes Yellow fever

Allantoic route of inoculation is for ?

Measles Avian adenovirus Newscastle disease virus Influenza

Chorioallantoic route of inoculation is for ?

Herpes Rous sarcoma Pox virus

Tissue culture flask Contents:

Glucose Isotonic solution of salt Vitamins Amino acid Coenzyme Antibiotics

Contents of Tissue culture flask Function: Glucose Isotonic solution of salt Vitamins Amino acid Coenzyme Antibiotics

Energy source To maintain isotonicity Act as coenzymes To synthesize protein and amino acid Co-enzyme stuff Prevent accidental contamination

Fluid in tissue culture flask

Hela mononuclear cell later

Tissue culture flask Original color? Virus growing color?

Orange Yellow

Function V shaped microtitter U shaped microtitter

Hemagglutination Complement

T.vaginalis Causes :? Treatment:? Medium for culture :?? Trophozoite motility??

Trichomoniasis Metronidazole, Timidazole Diamond medium, lash, kupferberge Jerking motility

T.vaginalis Diagnosis is by ?

Wet mount microscopy Culture PCR

T.vaginalis Sample?

Urethral discharge , vaginal discharge, semen, prostatic fluid

Trypanosome Are ___________ Class ________

Haemoflagellates Mastigophora

T.cruzi: ________ disease T.brucei- : __________ disease

Chagas Sleeping sickness

Vectors T.cruzi T.brucei

Triatoma(kissing bugs) Glossina

Stages in life cycle T.cruzi T.brucei

Amastigote, epimastigote, blood trypomastigote epimastigote, blood trypomastigote

Trypanosomes Dark spot is ?? Diagnosis?? Specimen?? Symptoms??

Kinetoplast Parasite in blood Blood, CSF Fever, Adenopathy, headache, neuropsychiatric signs

Balantudium coli Phylum : Infects :?? Diseases?? Invasive stage is the ?? Infective stage is the ??

Ciliophora LI and caecum Balantidiosis(ciliary dysentry) Trophozoite Cyst

Balantudium coli SHAPE of trophozoite, and cyst

Oval Spherical

Balantudium coli excyst in the??

Balantudium coli Reproduces by?? Diagnosis ?? Control??

Binary fission and conjugation Motile trophozoite In stool Cyst killed by booking of water

Balantudium coli Symptoms? Treatment?

Constipation, abdominal pain, weight loss Metronidazole, tetracycline

Entamoeba Histolytica Disease?? Infective stage?? Diagnosis?? Treatment??? Manifestations??? Complications???

Amoebiasis Cyst Wet mount, iodine mount Tinidazole, paromomycin Diarrhea, Dysentery Perforation, intussuception, toxic megacolon

Babesia Vector?? Incubation period?? Clinical features ??????? Diagnosis ?? Treatment?? Prevention???

Ixodes scapularis 1-6weeks High Fever ,headache, rigors, Hepatomegaly, splenomegaly Intra erythrocytic trophozoite in the form of a Maltese cross Atovaquone,azithromycin Protection from tick bites

Enterobius vermicularis Treatment?? Diagnosis:?? Time to lay eggs?? Infective stage?? Clinical symptoms?

Mebendazole Scotch tape technique or swube tube At night L3(filariaform) Itchy anal region

Ascaris Risk factor Who is larger (female or male?) Clinical features

Termite mound-eating Females Abdominal discomfort , malabsorption, dyspnea, hemoptysis, cough

Ancylosyoma duodenale Has ______ mouth per teeth Causes _______, cured by ______ Other species include ???

Normal CLM; ivermectin, albendazole Brazilense, caninum

Ancylostoma ________ larvae causes ______________(DUSN)

caninum Diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis

Ancylostoma duodenale Infective stage is ?? Route is ??? Presentation?? Complication??

Filariaform Percutaneous entry Ground itch, epigastric pain, watery diarrhea Iron deficiency Anaemia

Ancylostoma duodenale Affects the ???

Ancylostoma duodenale Diagnosis?? Treatment?? Prevention??

Microscopy of eggs in stool Pyrantel pamoate, benzimidazole Avoid walking barefooted, dispense faeces, education

Trichuris Trichiura Aka ?? Route or entry? Adults can be found in the ????

Whipworm Faeco-oral Ascending colon, caecum, appendix

Trichuris Trichiura Presentation: ________,__________,___________ , hemorrhages Complication: ________

dysentery, weight loss, abdominal pain Rectal prolapse

Trichuris Diagnosis : ______ shaped _____ Treatment: _______,________

Barrel; egg in stool Benzimidazole, pyrantel palmoate

Trichuris Releases ______ egg, that hatches in the _______ after _____

Unembryonated Duodenum 10days

Giardia lamblia Found in ???? Causes ???? Invective form ? Feeding form??

Duodenum and jejunum Diarrhea Mature cyst Trophozoite

Giardia lamblia Mature cysts have ____ nuclei Immature cysts have ______ nuclei Trophozoite has _____ nuclei and _____ pairs of flagella

4 2 2;4

Giardia lamblia Has ________ for attachment Excysts in the ???? Encyst in the???

Sucking disk Stomach and duodenum Colon

Giardia lamblia ____ trophozoite is gotten from 1 cyst Prevention? Treatment?? Complication ??

2 Boiling of water , sound hygiene Timidazole, metronidazole Failure to thrive , malabsorption syndrome, skin rash

Taenia Solium : ____ circlets of hooks, (smaller or bigger?) Saginata: ____ circlets of hooks, (smaller or bigger?)

2; smaller None; bigger

Human cysticercosis is caused by ??

Solium

Solium affects ______ Saginata affects _______

Pig/swine Cattle

Diagnosis of Taenia Macroscopy: ____________ Microscopy: _____________

Chain of proglottids Raidially stunted embryophore enclosed by a shell

Taenia, Treatment ? Cysticercosis, Treatment ?

Praziquantel, niclosemide Praziquantel, naromycin

Fasciola hepatica Aka?? Gotten by eating ____________ contaminated by __________

Sheep-liver fluke Water cress or aquatic plants Metacercariae

Fasciola hepatica Symptoms?? Diagnosis?? Treatment?? Complication??

Hepatomegaly , Fever pain Egg in feaces Triclabendazole Pharyngitis(halzoun)

Fasciolopsis buski ________ fluke Mainly found in?? Transmission is by ???

Intestinal Pig raisers Ingestion of plant

Fasciolopsis buski Clinical signs?? Diagnosis??? Treatment??? Complication??

Loose stool. Abdominal pain, abdominal distension, loss of weight Yellow-brown egg filled with yolk cell Praziquantel, niclosamide Ulceration, bleeding

Schistosoma Hematobium has ___________ spine Schistosoma mansoni has ___________ spine

Terminal Lateral

Schistosoma Hematobium uses ______ specie of snail Schistosoma mansoni uses ______ specie of snail

Bulinus spp Biomphalaria

Schistosoma Hematobium is found in?? Schistosoma mansoni is found in??

Vesical plexuses Inferior and superior mesenteric plexuses

Schistosomiasis Infection enters through ??

Percutaneous cercarial entry

Features of Schistosoma Hematobium Features of Schistosoma mansoni

Hematuria, burning sensation in urethra Abdominal pain, diarrhea, bloody stool

Complications of Schistosoma Hematobium Complications of Schistosoma mansoni

Bladder/Ureter fibrosis, kidney disease Debility

Diagnosis of schistosomiasis

Egg in urine sediments from urine sample

Popular syndrome in schistosomiasis is ??

Katayama fever

Microsporidium Related to ??? Infection ??? Stain?? Diagnosis?? Treatment ?? Prevention?

Fungi Diarrhea , keratoconjuctivitis Chromotrope AlBendazole, fumagillin General hygiene

Isospora belli ______ in the environment is required before Oocysts becomes infectious

Sporulation

Isospora belli Oocysts ——- ______ ———- __________——-

Sporozoite Merozoites Sporulated oocyst

Isospora belli Diagnosis ?? Stain?! Presentation??

Oocysts in stool Acid fast stain Diarrhea, GI symptoms

Cryptosporidium Ingestion of __________ Syndrome __________ Features ????

Oocysts Malabsorption Cholera-like diarrhea, G-vomiting , low grade fever

Cryptosporidium Stains?? Diagnosis ?? Treatment???

Acid fast stain, kinyoun stain Oocyst in fresh stool sample Azithromycin , paramomycin, nitazoxamide