BACILLUS Flashcards
Genus Bacillus
Gram ______ bacilli in (short or long?) chains
(Spore or Non-spore?) forming
(Aerobic or Anaerobic?)
Motile or Non-motile
positive; long
Spore
Aerobic
Non-motile
Genus Bacillus
Most species cause disease
T/F
F
Most species do not cause disease
Genus Bacillus
Only A few species cause diseases
T/F
T
B. Anthracis is an agent of biological warfare
T/F
T
Genus bacillus
Prevalent in _____,_____,______
(All , Some or None?) are hemolytic
Liquefy _______
soil, water, vegetation
Some
gelatin
Genus bacillus
All are animal pathogens
T/F
F
Some are animal pathogens Some are insect pathogens
Species of bacillus
B. _______
B. _______
B._______
B.__________
anthracis
cereus
subtilis
thuringiensis
Species
B. thuringiensis – a _______________. It produces ______________ that is fatal to _________ that ingest it
natural pesticide
an insecticidal toxin
insects
B. anthracis
(Capsulated or Non-capsulated?) (D- glutamic acid)
Causes __________, primarily a disease of __________________________
Capsulated
anthrax
sheep, cattle, horses, other animals
B. anthracis
The people most likely to get anthrax are people who ___________________ or ______________
work in meat processing plants or work with hides and wool
work in meat processing plants or work with hides and wool
Mode of transmission of B.Anthracis
Entry of spores through:
_______
________
__________
Injured skin
Lungs
gastro-intestinal tract
Mode of transmission of B.Anthracis
Entry of spores through:
Injured skin: Cuts get ____________________
• Lungs: Inhale ————-_________________________
gastro-intestinal tract: Ingest __________________
contaminated with spores from animal products
spores when working with hides and wool from infected animals (wool sorter’s disease)
spores with undercooked meat
Virulence factors of bacillus Anthracis
Ability of spores to _________ and ______ in _________
germinate and survive in macrophages
Virulence factors of Bacillus Anthracis
Toxins (main)
•
________ toxin
_________ toxin
Oedema
Lethal
Virulence factors of B.Anthracis
Capsule
Composed of _________ residues
Antiphagocytic
D –glutamate
Toxins
Host cell binding portion called _________
• _________ protective
•Component of the ______
protective antigen
Antibodies
current vaccine
Toxins
Oedema toxin
•Destroy the ability of ——- to _________
•Active portion called ________ ( ________)
•Produces _______
•Distrupts control of ____________________
•Causes the oedema in ___________
phagocytic cells; ingest the bacteria
oedema factor ; adenylate cyclase
cyclic AMP; flow of ions and water
cutaneous anthrax
Toxins
Lethal toxin
•Active portion called ________
• Destroy the ability of ——- to _________
•Together with ___________ , it attacks and kills ________
•Induces macrophages to ___________________
•Cytokines trigger ——— process
•Responsible for death in ________ anthrax
lethal factor
phagocytic cells; ingest the bacteria
protective antigen ; macrophages
produce high levels of cytokines
shock; septicaemic
Pathogenesis
______ are ingested, inhaled or enter scratches and they _________ at the site of entry
Spread to the __________
Produce ______
Spores
germinate
bloodstream
toxins
Cutaneous anthrax
(Benign or Malignant?) _______ (______)
with a large surrounding area of ______ (_______)
Centre becomes ______ owing to ________
Responds to ________
Bacteria (often or rarely?) enter the bloodstream
Malignant; pustule; eschar
swelling; Oedema
black; necrosis
antibiotics; rarely
Gastro-intestinal anthrax
Gastro-intestinal _____,_______
__________________ in the intestine
pain, bleeding
Fluid filled vesicles
Gastro-intestinal anthrax
Death rate is low if treated with antibiotics
T/F
F
Death rate high even if treated with antibiotics
Systemic anthrax
Spores germinate in _____ phagocytes
Bacteria enter the _________
_______ shock
(Low or High?) mortality rate
lung
bloodstream
Septic
High
Laboratory tests
Specimens: fluid, pus, blood, sputum
Stained smears
Culture
______ agar
(Hemolytic or Non-hemolytic?) colonies
blood
Non-hemolytic
Treatment of Anthrax
_________
__________
_____________
Flouroquinolones
Doxycycline
Penicillin
Prevention/control
•Decontamination of animal products by __________
•_______ and ________ for handling materials of potentially infected
autoclaving
Protective clothing and gloves
Prevention/control
________________ of animals
_______ of infected animals
Active immunisation
Killing
Prevention/control
Disposal of animal carcasses by _________,___________ in _______
burning
deep burial in lime pits
