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House Microbiology > BACILLUS > Flashcards

BACILLUS Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Genus Bacillus

Gram ______ bacilli in (short or long?) chains

(Spore or Non-spore?) forming

(Aerobic or Anaerobic?)

Motile or Non-motile

A

positive; long

Spore

Aerobic

Non-motile

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2
Q

Genus Bacillus

Most species cause disease

T/F

A

F

Most species do not cause disease

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3
Q

Genus Bacillus

Only A few species cause diseases

T/F

A

T

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4
Q

B. Anthracis is an agent of biological warfare

T/F

A

T

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5
Q

Genus bacillus

Prevalent in _____,_____,______

(All , Some or None?) are hemolytic

Liquefy _______

A

soil, water, vegetation

Some

gelatin

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6
Q

Genus bacillus

All are animal pathogens

T/F

A

F

Some are animal pathogens Some are insect pathogens

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7
Q

Species of bacillus

B. _______
B. _______
B._______
B.__________

A

anthracis

cereus

subtilis

thuringiensis

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8
Q

Species

B. thuringiensis – a _______________. It produces ______________ that is fatal to _________ that ingest it

A

natural pesticide

an insecticidal toxin

insects

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9
Q

B. anthracis

(Capsulated or Non-capsulated?) (D- glutamic acid)

Causes __________, primarily a disease of __________________________

A

Capsulated

anthrax

sheep, cattle, horses, other animals

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10
Q

B. anthracis

The people most likely to get anthrax are people who ___________________ or ______________

A

work in meat processing plants or work with hides and wool

work in meat processing plants or work with hides and wool

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11
Q

Mode of transmission of B.Anthracis

Entry of spores through:

_______

________

__________

A

Injured skin

Lungs

gastro-intestinal tract

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12
Q

Mode of transmission of B.Anthracis
Entry of spores through:

Injured skin: Cuts get ____________________

• Lungs: Inhale ————-_________________________

gastro-intestinal tract: Ingest __________________

A

contaminated with spores from animal products

spores when working with hides and wool from infected animals (wool sorter’s disease)

spores with undercooked meat

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13
Q

Virulence factors of bacillus Anthracis

Ability of spores to _________ and ______ in _________

A

germinate and survive in macrophages

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14
Q

Virulence factors of Bacillus Anthracis

Toxins (main)
•
________ toxin

_________ toxin

A

Oedema

Lethal

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15
Q

Virulence factors of B.Anthracis

Capsule

Composed of _________ residues
Antiphagocytic

A

D –glutamate

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16
Q

Toxins

Host cell binding portion called _________
• _________ protective
•Component of the ______

A

protective antigen

Antibodies

current vaccine

17
Q

Toxins

Oedema toxin

•Destroy the ability of ——- to _________
•Active portion called ________ ( ________)
•Produces _______
•Distrupts control of ____________________
•Causes the oedema in ___________

A

phagocytic cells; ingest the bacteria

oedema factor ; adenylate cyclase

cyclic AMP; flow of ions and water

cutaneous anthrax

18
Q

Toxins
Lethal toxin

•Active portion called ________
• Destroy the ability of ——- to _________
•Together with ___________ , it attacks and kills ________
•Induces macrophages to ___________________
•Cytokines trigger ——— process
•Responsible for death in ________ anthrax

A

lethal factor
phagocytic cells; ingest the bacteria

protective antigen ; macrophages

produce high levels of cytokines

shock; septicaemic

19
Q

Pathogenesis

______ are ingested, inhaled or enter scratches and they _________ at the site of entry

Spread to the __________

Produce ______

A

Spores

germinate

bloodstream

toxins

20
Q

Cutaneous anthrax

(Benign or Malignant?) _______ (______)

with a large surrounding area of ______ (_______)

Centre becomes ______ owing to ________

Responds to ________

Bacteria (often or rarely?) enter the bloodstream

A

Malignant; pustule; eschar

swelling; Oedema

black; necrosis

antibiotics; rarely

21
Q

Gastro-intestinal anthrax

Gastro-intestinal _____,_______

__________________ in the intestine

A

pain, bleeding

Fluid filled vesicles

22
Q

Gastro-intestinal anthrax

Death rate is low if treated with antibiotics

T/F

A

F

Death rate high even if treated with antibiotics

23
Q

Systemic anthrax

Spores germinate in _____ phagocytes

Bacteria enter the _________

_______ shock

(Low or High?) mortality rate

A

lung

bloodstream

Septic

High

24
Q

Laboratory tests
Specimens: fluid, pus, blood, sputum
Stained smears

Culture
______ agar
(Hemolytic or Non-hemolytic?) colonies

A

blood

Non-hemolytic

25
Q

Treatment of Anthrax

_________
__________
_____________

A

Flouroquinolones

Doxycycline

Penicillin

26
Q

Prevention/control

•Decontamination of animal products by __________

•_______ and ________ for handling materials of potentially infected

A

autoclaving

Protective clothing and gloves

27
Q

Prevention/control

________________ of animals

_______ of infected animals

A

Active immunisation

Killing

28
Q

Prevention/control

Disposal of animal carcasses by _________,___________ in _______

A

burning

deep burial in lime pits

House Microbiology (93 decks)

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