BACILLUS

Question 1

Genus Bacillus

Gram ______ bacilli in (short or long?) chains

(Spore or Non-spore?) forming

(Aerobic or Anaerobic?)

Motile or Non-motile

Answer 1

positive; long

Spore

Aerobic

Non-motile

Question 2

Genus Bacillus

Most species cause disease

T/F

Answer 2

F

Most species do not cause disease

Question 3

Genus Bacillus

Only A few species cause diseases

T/F

Answer 3

T

Question 4

B. Anthracis is an agent of biological warfare

T/F

Answer 4

T

Question 5

Genus bacillus

Prevalent in _____,_____,______

(All , Some or None?) are hemolytic

Liquefy _______

Answer 5

soil, water, vegetation

Some

gelatin

Question 6

Genus bacillus

All are animal pathogens

T/F

Answer 6

F

Some are animal pathogens Some are insect pathogens

Question 7

Species of bacillus

B. _______
B. _______
B._______
B.__________

Answer 7

anthracis

cereus

subtilis

thuringiensis

Question 8

Species

B. thuringiensis – a _______________. It produces ______________ that is fatal to _________ that ingest it

Answer 8

natural pesticide

an insecticidal toxin

insects

Question 9

B. anthracis

(Capsulated or Non-capsulated?) (D- glutamic acid)

Causes __________, primarily a disease of __________________________

Answer 9

Capsulated

anthrax

sheep, cattle, horses, other animals

Question 10

B. anthracis

The people most likely to get anthrax are people who ___________________ or ______________

Answer 10

work in meat processing plants or work with hides and wool

work in meat processing plants or work with hides and wool

Question 11

Mode of transmission of B.Anthracis

Entry of spores through:

_______

________

__________

Answer 11

Injured skin

Lungs

gastro-intestinal tract

Question 12

Mode of transmission of B.Anthracis
Entry of spores through:

Injured skin: Cuts get ____________________

• Lungs: Inhale ————-_________________________

gastro-intestinal tract: Ingest __________________

Answer 12

contaminated with spores from animal products

spores when working with hides and wool from infected animals (wool sorter’s disease)

spores with undercooked meat

Question 13

Virulence factors of bacillus Anthracis

Ability of spores to _________ and ______ in _________

Answer 13

germinate and survive in macrophages

Question 14

Virulence factors of Bacillus Anthracis

Toxins (main)
•
________ toxin

_________ toxin

Answer 14

Oedema

Lethal

Question 15

Virulence factors of B.Anthracis

Capsule

Composed of _________ residues
Antiphagocytic

Answer 15

D –glutamate

Question 16

Toxins

Host cell binding portion called _________
• _________ protective
•Component of the ______

Answer 16

protective antigen

Antibodies

current vaccine

Question 17

Toxins

Oedema toxin

•Destroy the ability of ——- to _________
•Active portion called ________ ( ________)
•Produces _______
•Distrupts control of ____________________
•Causes the oedema in ___________

Answer 17

phagocytic cells; ingest the bacteria

oedema factor ; adenylate cyclase

cyclic AMP; flow of ions and water

cutaneous anthrax

Question 18

Toxins
Lethal toxin

•Active portion called ________
• Destroy the ability of ——- to _________
•Together with ___________ , it attacks and kills ________
•Induces macrophages to ___________________
•Cytokines trigger ——— process
•Responsible for death in ________ anthrax

Answer 18

lethal factor
phagocytic cells; ingest the bacteria

protective antigen ; macrophages

produce high levels of cytokines

shock; septicaemic

Question 19

Pathogenesis

______ are ingested, inhaled or enter scratches and they _________ at the site of entry

Spread to the __________

Produce ______

Answer 19

Spores

germinate

bloodstream

toxins

Question 20

Cutaneous anthrax

(Benign or Malignant?) _______ (______)

with a large surrounding area of ______ (_______)

Centre becomes ______ owing to ________

Responds to ________

Bacteria (often or rarely?) enter the bloodstream

Answer 20

Malignant; pustule; eschar

swelling; Oedema

black; necrosis

antibiotics; rarely

Question 21

Gastro-intestinal anthrax

Gastro-intestinal _____,_______

__________________ in the intestine

Answer 21

pain, bleeding

Fluid filled vesicles

Question 22

Gastro-intestinal anthrax

Death rate is low if treated with antibiotics

T/F

Answer 22

F

Death rate high even if treated with antibiotics

Question 23

Systemic anthrax

Spores germinate in _____ phagocytes

Bacteria enter the _________

_______ shock

(Low or High?) mortality rate

Answer 23

lung

bloodstream

Septic

High

Question 24

Laboratory tests
Specimens: fluid, pus, blood, sputum
Stained smears

Culture
______ agar
(Hemolytic or Non-hemolytic?) colonies

Answer 24

blood

Non-hemolytic

Question 25

Treatment of Anthrax

_________
__________
_____________

Answer 25

Flouroquinolones

Doxycycline

Penicillin

Question 26

Prevention/control

•Decontamination of animal products by __________

•_______ and ________ for handling materials of potentially infected

Answer 26

autoclaving

Protective clothing and gloves

Question 27

Prevention/control

________________ of animals

_______ of infected animals

Answer 27

Active immunisation

Killing

Question 28

Prevention/control

Disposal of animal carcasses by _________,___________ in _______

Answer 28

burning

deep burial in lime pits