Cell mediated immunity Flashcards
Adaptive immunity
Arises as a consequence of _______________________
(Specific or Non-specific?) for that target
exposure to a particular target(virus, protein, toxin)
Specific
Adaptive immunity
Arises after a delay of _____________
Exhibits “_______”−(slow or rapid?) , (small or large?) reappearance upon a second exposure
a few days
memory; rapid; large
Adaptive immunity is Potent
T/F
T
Major Histocompatibility complex (MHC)
_______________ antigens
MHC molecules bind ______ antigens and present them to _____ cells
Transplantation
peptide; T
Major Histocompatibility complex (MHC)
Antibody molecules interact with antigen directly, whereas the T-cell receptor only recognizes peptide antigens that are _______________________
presented by MHC molecules on the APC.
Major Histocompatibility complex (MHC)
Class I – Encoded by ____________ genes.
•found in ______________ except _____ and ——-
Class II – encoded by _____ region
•_______,________,_________ , and other ______
HLA-A, -B, -C
all nucleated cells in the body ; retina and brain
HLA-D
macrophages, dendritic cells, B cells
APCs
Cell mediated immunity (CMI)
The primary effectors of CMI are —————- cells
__________ also participate
cytotoxic T
Activated macrophages
Cell mediated immunity (CMI)
Cytotoxic T cells ______ other cells
The primary targets of cytotoxic T cells are usually _______ cells
kill
Cell mediated immunity (CMI)
The primary effectors of CMI are cytotoxic T cells (killer T cells, CD8+T cells, CTLs)
Activated macrophages also participate Cytotoxic T cells kill other cells
The primary targets of cytotoxic T cells are usually pathogen-infected cells
Like humoral immunity, CMI depends on specific recognition of an antigen by a protein: T-cell receptor
Like humoral immunity, CMI depends on __________ of an antigen by a protein: __________
specific recognition
T-cell receptor
There are two kinds of T cells:−
_______ T cells( or ____+)
_______ T cells( or ____+)
Cytotoxic; CD8
Helper; CD4
There are two kinds of T cells
These differ in function and therefore develop different effector functions
T/F
T
CD8 T cell kills _________ cells and develops _______ mechanisms
CD4 T cell ______ in the immune response and develops ” ______ ”mechanisms (increased ability to __________)
virus infected; cytotoxic
assists; helper
secrete cytokines
Cd4 and Cd8 T cells arise similarly—but from different __________
CD4 T cells by antigen presented on MHC ____
naïve precursors
II
T cell receptor
Primary recognition molecule in ______
Similar in structure to antibody
_____ chains
__________ regions
________-bound
CMI
Two
V and C
Membrane
T cell receptor
TCR is a _______ composed of _____________ polypeptide chains, either: _____ and ____chains or _____ and ——- chains
heterodimer
two transmembrane
Alpha; beta
Gamma and delta
T cell receptor
The alpha-beta receptors account for _____% of T-cell helper function and cytotoxic activity.
The gamma-delta T cells receptors, its physiologic role is _______. Found in ___________ of _______ and ————-
90
still unclear; epithelial lining
reproductive and gastro- intestinal tract.
T cell receptor
The biochemical signals that are triggered in T cells by antigen recognition are transduced not by __________________ but by the _________________
the T cell receptor itself
invariant proteins called CD3
CD3 are (covalently or noncovalenlty?) linked to the __________ to form the __________
noncovalenlty
antigen receptor
TCR complex
Development and maturation of T cells
Sampling involves __________ between the _______ (in the context of MHC) and the _________
If the antigen is not recognized, the interaction is _______, and the T cell ______
If the antigen is recognized, binding is __________, Stimulatory signals are exchanged (cytokines) , The T cell proliferates
Effector mechanisms are developed
Memory cells are produced
brief physical interaction
antigen; T cell TcR
short lived; moves on
tight and long lived
Development and maturation of T cells
T cells are produced as naïve precursors
______ effector function
_______ TcR specificities
No
Random
Development and maturation of T cells
Maturation is triggered by ___________________
encountering a cell presenting a recognizable antigen
Development and maturation of T cells
Maturation of T cells involves primarily:
Acquisition of _________
Proliferation of cells with specificities that _______________________
effector function
suit the pathogen at hand (clonal expansion)
_______ T cells circulate, sampling the antigens presented on APCs
Naïve
Cd4+ T cells or T helper cells
Central role in immune response
Activate ________
Induce formation of _______
Stimulate ____ cells to produce ______.(helper)
macrophages
cytotoxic T cells
B ; antibodies
Cd4+ T cells or T helper cells
Interact with ______ and other APCs with class ____ MHC
Mature into _____ or ____ cells
B cells; II
Th1 or Th2
Th cells synthesize _______ and _________ that stimulate (“help”) the specific classes of lymphocytes with which they interact
cytokines and growth factors
T h 1 cells are important for controlling ____________,
•By stimulating the maturation of __________ precursors.
•producing interleukin- ____ and ______ cytokines that stimulate inflammation
most viral infections
cytotoxic-T cell
2; IFN-γ
Cd4+ T cells or T helper cells
Th2 cells stimulate ___________
Produce IL___, IL__, IL__,
antibody production
4,5,10
Cytotoxic T cells
Differentiate into effector cytotoxic cells by engagement of their _____ and recognition of _____ MHC–peptide complex on the surface on an infected cell.
TCR
class I
Cytotoxic T cells
Following recognition, the CD8 T cell proceeds to kill the infected cell.
•Primary method is through cytotoxic ______ containing ______, the family of _________, and a third protein recently identified, ________.
•The CD8 T cell releases _____ that helps _______ and ______ enter the infected cell.
•_________ initiates apoptosis (programmed cell death) by activating cellular _________.
granules; perforin; granzymes; granulysin
perforin; granzyme and granulysin
Granzyme; caspases
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