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House Microbiology > Cell mediated immunity > Flashcards

Cell mediated immunity Flashcards

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1
Q

Adaptive immunity

Arises as a consequence of _______________________

(Specific or Non-specific?) for that target

A

exposure to a particular target(virus, protein, toxin)

Specific

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2
Q

Adaptive immunity

Arises after a delay of _____________

Exhibits “_______”−(slow or rapid?) , (small or large?) reappearance upon a second exposure

A

a few days

memory; rapid; large

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3
Q

Adaptive immunity is Potent

T/F

A

T

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4
Q

Major Histocompatibility complex (MHC)

_______________ antigens

MHC molecules bind ______ antigens and present them to _____ cells

A

Transplantation

peptide; T

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5
Q

Major Histocompatibility complex (MHC)

Antibody molecules interact with antigen directly, whereas the T-cell receptor only recognizes peptide antigens that are _______________________

A

presented by MHC molecules on the APC.

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6
Q

Major Histocompatibility complex (MHC)

Class I – Encoded by ____________ genes.
•found in ______________ except _____ and ——-

Class II – encoded by _____ region
•_______,________,_________ , and other ______

A

HLA-A, -B, -C

all nucleated cells in the body ; retina and brain

HLA-D

macrophages, dendritic cells, B cells

APCs

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7
Q

Cell mediated immunity (CMI)

The primary effectors of CMI are —————- cells

__________ also participate

A

cytotoxic T

Activated macrophages

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8
Q

Cell mediated immunity (CMI)

Cytotoxic T cells ______ other cells

The primary targets of cytotoxic T cells are usually _______ cells

A

kill

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9
Q

Cell mediated immunity (CMI)
The primary effectors of CMI are cytotoxic T cells (killer T cells, CD8+T cells, CTLs)
Activated macrophages also participate Cytotoxic T cells kill other cells
The primary targets of cytotoxic T cells are usually pathogen-infected cells
Like humoral immunity, CMI depends on specific recognition of an antigen by a protein: T-cell receptor

A
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10
Q

Like humoral immunity, CMI depends on __________ of an antigen by a protein: __________

A

specific recognition

T-cell receptor

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11
Q

There are two kinds of T cells:−

_______ T cells( or ____+)

_______ T cells( or ____+)

A

Cytotoxic; CD8

Helper; CD4

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12
Q

There are two kinds of T cells

These differ in function and therefore develop different effector functions

T/F

A

T

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13
Q

CD8 T cell kills _________ cells and develops _______ mechanisms

CD4 T cell ______ in the immune response and develops ” ______ ”mechanisms (increased ability to __________)

A

virus infected; cytotoxic

assists; helper

secrete cytokines

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14
Q

Cd4 and Cd8 T cells arise similarly—but from different __________

CD4 T cells by antigen presented on MHC ____

A

naïve precursors

II

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15
Q

T cell receptor

Primary recognition molecule in ______

Similar in structure to antibody
_____ chains
__________ regions
________-bound

A

CMI

Two

V and C

Membrane

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16
Q

T cell receptor

TCR is a _______ composed of _____________ polypeptide chains, either: _____ and ____chains or _____ and ——- chains

A

heterodimer

two transmembrane

Alpha; beta

Gamma and delta

17
Q

T cell receptor

The alpha-beta receptors account for _____% of T-cell helper function and cytotoxic activity.

The gamma-delta T cells receptors, its physiologic role is _______. Found in ___________ of _______ and ————-

A

90

still unclear; epithelial lining

reproductive and gastro- intestinal tract.

18
Q

T cell receptor

The biochemical signals that are triggered in T cells by antigen recognition are transduced not by __________________ but by the _________________

A

the T cell receptor itself

invariant proteins called CD3

19
Q

CD3 are (covalently or noncovalenlty?) linked to the __________ to form the __________

A

noncovalenlty

antigen receptor

TCR complex

20
Q

Development and maturation of T cells

Sampling involves __________ between the _______ (in the context of MHC) and the _________

If the antigen is not recognized, the interaction is _______, and the T cell ______

If the antigen is recognized, binding is __________, Stimulatory signals are exchanged (cytokines) , The T cell proliferates
Effector mechanisms are developed
Memory cells are produced

A

brief physical interaction

antigen; T cell TcR

short lived; moves on

tight and long lived

21
Q

Development and maturation of T cells

T cells are produced as naïve precursors

______ effector function

_______ TcR specificities

A

No

Random

22
Q

Development and maturation of T cells

Maturation is triggered by ___________________

A

encountering a cell presenting a recognizable antigen

23
Q

Development and maturation of T cells

Maturation of T cells involves primarily:

Acquisition of _________

Proliferation of cells with specificities that _______________________

A

effector function

suit the pathogen at hand (clonal expansion)

24
Q

_______ T cells circulate, sampling the antigens presented on APCs

A

Naïve

25
Q

Cd4+ T cells or T helper cells

Central role in immune response

Activate ________
Induce formation of _______
Stimulate ____ cells to produce ______.(helper)

A

macrophages

cytotoxic T cells

B ; antibodies

26
Q

Cd4+ T cells or T helper cells

Interact with ______ and other APCs with class ____ MHC

Mature into _____ or ____ cells

A

B cells; II

Th1 or Th2

27
Q

Th cells synthesize _______ and _________ that stimulate (“help”) the specific classes of lymphocytes with which they interact

A

cytokines and growth factors

28
Q

T h 1 cells are important for controlling ____________,

•By stimulating the maturation of __________ precursors.

•producing interleukin- ____ and ______ cytokines that stimulate inflammation

A

most viral infections

cytotoxic-T cell

2; IFN-γ

29
Q

Cd4+ T cells or T helper cells

Th2 cells stimulate ___________

Produce IL___, IL__, IL__,

A

antibody production

4,5,10

30
Q

Cytotoxic T cells

Differentiate into effector cytotoxic cells by engagement of their _____ and recognition of _____ MHC–peptide complex on the surface on an infected cell.

A

TCR

class I

31
Q

Cytotoxic T cells

Following recognition, the CD8 T cell proceeds to kill the infected cell.

•Primary method is through cytotoxic ______ containing ______, the family of _________, and a third protein recently identified, ________.

•The CD8 T cell releases _____ that helps _______ and ______ enter the infected cell.

•_________ initiates apoptosis (programmed cell death) by activating cellular _________.

A

granules; perforin; granzymes; granulysin

perforin; granzyme and granulysin

Granzyme; caspases

32
Q

Love!

A

Marrry meeee😁

33
Q

Stay hoely

A

🖤

House Microbiology (93 decks)

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