Introduction to Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Flashcards by Iseoluwa Ojo

What is Viral Hemorrhagic Fever?

____________ syndrome

Damage to ___________ system

Symptoms often accompanied by ___________ – Includes _________,______,_________

Severe multisystem

overall vascular

hemorrhage

conjunctivitis, petechia, echymosis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Viral Hemorrhagic Fever

Viruses of four distinct families
– _____viruses
– ______viruses
– _______viruses
– ______viruses

(RNA or DNA?) viruses

– Arenaviruses
– Filoviruses
– Bunyaviruses
– Flaviviruses

RNA

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Viral Hemorrhagic Fever

Viruses of four distinct families

– (Enveloped or naked?) in ____ coating

-Survival dependent on _________________, for the natural reservoir

Enveloped

lipid

an animal or insect host,

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Arenaviridae

List 5

Junin

Machupo

Sabia

Guanarito

Lassa

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Bunyaviridae

List 3

Crimean- Congo H.F.

Hantavirus

Rift valley fever

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Filoviridae

Mention 2

Ebola

Marburg

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Flaviviridae

List 4

Yellow fever

Dengue

Omsk H.F.

Kyasanur Forest Disease

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

First virus in arenaviridae to cause hemorrhagic fever is _______ in ______

Junin

Argentina

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Lassa virus occurred in Nigeria first jn ______

1969

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Arenaviridae Transmission

Virus transmission and amplification occurs in _______

Shed virus through ______,_______, and ___________

rodents

urine, feces, and other excreta

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Arenaviridae Transmission

Human infection
– Contact with ______
–_________ materials
–_______ transmission
Person-to-person transmission

excreta

Contaminated

Aerosol

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Arenaviridae Epidemiology

Africa – ____________________

South America
–_______,_______,___________, and _________

Lassa

Junin, Machupo, Guanarito, and Sabia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Arenaviridae Epidemiology

Explosive nosicomial outbreaks with ______ and _______

Lassa and Machupo

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Arenaviridae in Humans

____________ period

________ and _______

__________ stage

Incubation

Fever and malaise

Hemorrhagic

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Arenaviridae in Humans

Incubation period – ____-____ days

Fever and malaise – for ___-___ days

3 – 21

2–4

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Arenaviridae in Humans

Hemorrhagic stage
—______,_________,_________ – Neurologic signs

Hemorrhage, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Bunyaviridae History

1930: Rift Valley Fever – Egypt – _____ in _______

1940s: CCHF - Crimean peninsula
– Hemorrhagic fever in ___________

1951: Hantavirus – Korea
– Hemorrhagic fever in ________

Epizootic; sheep

agricultural workers

UN troops

Bunyaviridae Transmission

___________ vector
– Exception – _______________

Arthropod

Hantaviruses

Bunyaviridae Transmission

Rift Valley Fever – _________

CCHF – _______

Hantavirus – _______

Less common mode of transmission is by _________ and __________

Aedes mosquito

Ixodid tick

Rodents

Aerosol; Exposure to infected animal tissue

Bunyaviridae in Humans

Rift valley fever
•Incubation period – 2-5 days

Crimean Congo HF
•Incubation period – 3-7 days

Hantavirus
•Incubation period – 7–21 days

2-5

3-7

7-21

Bunyaviridae in Humans

Rift valley fever
•_____% - Hemorrhagic Fever

Crimean Congo HF

•Hemorrhagic Fever - ____days following clinical signs

Hantavirus
•__________ and _______

0.5

3–6

Hantavirus Pulmonary syndrome and Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome

Bunyaviridae in Animals

Rift valley river
– Abortion – _____%
– Mortality rate is >____% in young and ______% in older animals

Crimean Congo HF
–____________ infection in livestock

Hantaviruses
–_________ infection in rodents

100

5-60

Unapparent

Filoviridae History

1967: Marburg virus
–______________ workers

1976: Ebola virus – Ebola _____; Ebola ______

1989 and 1992: Ebola _____
– USA and Italy
– Imported ______ from Philippines

1994: Ebola Côte d’Ivoire

European laboratory

Zaire; Sudan

Reston; macaques

Filoviridae Transmission

Reservoir is ________

Reservoir is UNKNOWN

Filoviridae Transmission Bats implicated with ________ and ________ ________ contact ___________ transmission __________ transmission

Marburg and Ebola Intimate Nosicomial Aerosol

Filoviridae Transmission Nosicomial transmission –_____ of needles and syringes – Exposure to _____ tissues, excretions, and hospital wastes Aerosol transmission – _________

Reuse infectious Primates

___viridae Most severe hemorrhagic fever Incubation period:_____ days

Filo 2–21

Filoviridae in Humans (Abrupt or Gradual?) onset – Fever, chills, malaise, and myalgia ________ and _______ Death around day ____-_____ _________ recovery

Abrupt Hemorrhage and DIC 7–11 Painful

Filoviridae in Animals Hemorrhagic fever – Different clinical course to humans T/F

F Same

Filoviridae in Animals Ebola Reston – (Low or High?) primate mortality - ~ ______%

High 82

Flaviviridae Transmission Arthropod vector Yellow Fever and Dengue viruses – Aedes aegypti – Sylvatic cycle – Urban cycle Kasanur Forest Virus – Ixodid tick Omsk Hemorrhagic Fever virus – Muskrat urine, feces, or blood

Flaviviridae Transmission _________ vector except ______ that uses _____

Arthropod Omsk Hemorrhagic Fever virus Musk rats

Flaviviridae Transmission Yellow Fever and Dengue viruses –_________ –______ cycle –______ cycle Kasanur Forest Virus – _______ Omsk Hemorrhagic Fever virus – ______,______, or ______

Aedes aegypti; Sylvatic; Urban Ixodid tick Muskrat urine, feces, or blood

Flaviviridae in Humans Yellow Fever – Incubation period – _______ Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever – Incubation period – ________

3–6 days 2-5 days

Flaviviridae in Humans ____________ Short remission _______ Hemorrhagic Fever – Lasting sequela

Yellow Fever Omsk

Clinical Symptoms Differ slightly depending on virus Initial symptoms – Marked _____ -________ – ________ – Muscle _____ – _______

fever Fatigue Dizziness aches Exhaustion

Clinical symptoms More severe – Bleeding under skin ________,______,_______ – Bleeding in________ – Bleeding from _______ (but ___________________ in all cases)

Petechiae, ecchymoses, conjunctivitis internal organs orifices not visible or seen

Treatment Supportive treatment ________ ________ plasma Strict ______ of affected patients is required Report to _______

Ribavirin Convalescent-phase isolation health authorities

Treatment Ribavirin • Effective in when _____________ _______ and ________ only

administered early on onset of infection Arenaviridae and Bunyaviridae

Treatment Convalescent-phase plasma _______ HF, _______ HF and ______

Argentine Bolivian Ebola

Vaccine available for _______

Yellow fever

Prevention and Control. Disinfect and dispose of instruments – Use a ____% solution of ________ (___:____ dilution of bleach)

0.5 sodium hypochlorite 1:10