Introduction to Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Flashcards
What is Viral Hemorrhagic Fever?
____________ syndrome
Damage to ___________ system
Symptoms often accompanied by ___________ – Includes _________,______,_________
Severe multisystem
overall vascular
hemorrhage
conjunctivitis, petechia, echymosis
Viral Hemorrhagic Fever
Viruses of four distinct families
– _____viruses
– ______viruses
– _______viruses
– ______viruses
(RNA or DNA?) viruses
– Arenaviruses
– Filoviruses
– Bunyaviruses
– Flaviviruses
RNA
Viral Hemorrhagic Fever
Viruses of four distinct families
– (Enveloped or naked?) in ____ coating
-Survival dependent on _________________, for the natural reservoir
Enveloped
lipid
an animal or insect host,
Arenaviridae
List 5
Junin
Machupo
Sabia
Guanarito
Lassa
Bunyaviridae
List 3
Crimean- Congo H.F.
Hantavirus
Rift valley fever
Filoviridae
Mention 2
Ebola
Marburg
Flaviviridae
List 4
Yellow fever
Dengue
Omsk H.F.
Kyasanur Forest Disease
First virus in arenaviridae to cause hemorrhagic fever is _______ in ______
Junin
Argentina
Lassa virus occurred in Nigeria first jn ______
1969
Arenaviridae Transmission
Virus transmission and amplification occurs in _______
Shed virus through ______,_______, and ___________
rodents
urine, feces, and other excreta
Arenaviridae Transmission
Human infection
– Contact with ______
–_________ materials
–_______ transmission
Person-to-person transmission
excreta
Contaminated
Aerosol
Arenaviridae Epidemiology
Africa – ____________________
South America
–_______,_______,___________, and _________
Lassa
Junin, Machupo, Guanarito, and Sabia
Arenaviridae Epidemiology
Explosive nosicomial outbreaks with ______ and _______
Lassa and Machupo
Arenaviridae in Humans
____________ period
________ and _______
__________ stage
Incubation
Fever and malaise
Hemorrhagic
Arenaviridae in Humans
Incubation period – ____-____ days
Fever and malaise – for ___-___ days
3 – 21
2–4
Arenaviridae in Humans
Hemorrhagic stage
—______,_________,_________ – Neurologic signs
Hemorrhage, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia
Bunyaviridae History
1930: Rift Valley Fever – Egypt – _____ in _______
1940s: CCHF - Crimean peninsula
– Hemorrhagic fever in ___________
1951: Hantavirus – Korea
– Hemorrhagic fever in ________
Epizootic; sheep
agricultural workers
UN troops
Bunyaviridae Transmission
___________ vector
– Exception – _______________
Arthropod
Hantaviruses
Bunyaviridae Transmission
Rift Valley Fever – _________
CCHF – _______
Hantavirus – _______
Less common mode of transmission is by _________ and __________
Aedes mosquito
Ixodid tick
Rodents
Aerosol; Exposure to infected animal tissue
Bunyaviridae in Humans
Rift valley fever
•Incubation period – 2-5 days
Crimean Congo HF
•Incubation period – 3-7 days
Hantavirus
•Incubation period – 7–21 days
2-5
3-7
7-21
Bunyaviridae in Humans
Rift valley fever
•_____% - Hemorrhagic Fever
Crimean Congo HF
•Hemorrhagic Fever - ____days following clinical signs
Hantavirus
•__________ and _______
0.5
3–6
Hantavirus Pulmonary syndrome and Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome
Bunyaviridae in Animals
Rift valley river
– Abortion – _____%
– Mortality rate is >____% in young and ______% in older animals
Crimean Congo HF
–____________ infection in livestock
Hantaviruses
–_________ infection in rodents
100
90
5-60
Unapparent
Unapparent
Filoviridae History
1967: Marburg virus
–______________ workers
1976: Ebola virus – Ebola _____; Ebola ______
1989 and 1992: Ebola _____
– USA and Italy
– Imported ______ from Philippines
1994: Ebola Côte d’Ivoire
European laboratory
Zaire; Sudan
Reston; macaques
Filoviridae Transmission
Reservoir is ________
Reservoir is UNKNOWN
Filoviridae Transmission
Bats implicated with ________ and ________
________ contact
___________ transmission
__________ transmission
Marburg and Ebola
Intimate
Nosicomial
Aerosol
Filoviridae Transmission
Nosicomial transmission
–_____ of needles and syringes
– Exposure to _____ tissues, excretions, and hospital wastes
Aerosol transmission – _________
Reuse
infectious
Primates
___viridae
Most severe hemorrhagic fever
Incubation period:_____ days
Filo
2–21
Filoviridae in Humans
(Abrupt or Gradual?) onset
– Fever, chills, malaise, and myalgia
________ and _______
Death around day ____-_____
_________ recovery
Abrupt
Hemorrhage and DIC
7–11
Painful
Filoviridae in Animals
Hemorrhagic fever
– Different clinical course to humans
T/F
F
Same
Filoviridae in Animals
Ebola Reston
– (Low or High?) primate mortality - ~ ______%
High
82
Flaviviridae Transmission
Arthropod vector
Yellow Fever and Dengue viruses
– Aedes aegypti – Sylvatic cycle – Urban cycle
Kasanur Forest Virus – Ixodid tick
Omsk Hemorrhagic Fever virus – Muskrat urine, feces, or blood
Flaviviridae Transmission
_________ vector except ______ that uses _____
Arthropod
Omsk Hemorrhagic Fever virus
Musk rats
Flaviviridae Transmission
Yellow Fever and Dengue viruses
–_________ –______ cycle –______ cycle
Kasanur Forest Virus – _______
Omsk Hemorrhagic Fever virus – ______,______, or ______
Aedes aegypti; Sylvatic; Urban
Ixodid tick
Muskrat urine, feces, or blood
Flaviviridae in Humans
Yellow Fever
– Incubation period – _______
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever
– Incubation period – ________
3–6 days
2-5 days
Flaviviridae in Humans
____________
Short remission
_______ Hemorrhagic Fever
– Lasting sequela
Yellow Fever
Omsk
Clinical Symptoms
Differ slightly depending on virus
Initial symptoms
– Marked _____
-________
– ________
– Muscle _____
– _______
fever
Fatigue
Dizziness
aches
Exhaustion
Clinical symptoms
More severe
– Bleeding under skin
________,______,_______
– Bleeding in________
– Bleeding from _______ (but ___________________ in all cases)
Petechiae, ecchymoses, conjunctivitis
internal organs
orifices
not visible or seen
Treatment
Supportive treatment
________
________ plasma
Strict ______ of affected patients is required
Report to _______
Ribavirin
Convalescent-phase
isolation
health authorities
Treatment
Ribavirin
•
Effective in when _____________
_______ and ________ only
administered early on onset of infection
Arenaviridae and Bunyaviridae
Treatment
Convalescent-phase plasma
_______ HF, _______ HF and ______
Argentine
Bolivian
Ebola
Vaccine available for _______
Yellow fever
Prevention and Control.
Disinfect and dispose of instruments
– Use a ____% solution of ________ (___:____ dilution of bleach)
0.5
sodium hypochlorite
1:10
