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House Microbiology > Introduction to Viral Hemorrhagic Fever > Flashcards

Introduction to Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Viral Hemorrhagic Fever?

____________ syndrome

Damage to ___________ system

Symptoms often accompanied by ___________ – Includes _________,______,_________

A

Severe multisystem

overall vascular

hemorrhage

conjunctivitis, petechia, echymosis

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2
Q

Viral Hemorrhagic Fever

Viruses of four distinct families
– _____viruses
– ______viruses
– _______viruses
– ______viruses

(RNA or DNA?) viruses

A

– Arenaviruses
– Filoviruses
– Bunyaviruses
– Flaviviruses

RNA

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3
Q

Viral Hemorrhagic Fever

Viruses of four distinct families

– (Enveloped or naked?) in ____ coating

-Survival dependent on _________________, for the natural reservoir

A

Enveloped

lipid

an animal or insect host,

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4
Q

Arenaviridae

List 5

A

Junin

Machupo

Sabia

Guanarito

Lassa

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5
Q

Bunyaviridae

List 3

A

Crimean- Congo H.F.

Hantavirus

Rift valley fever

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6
Q

Filoviridae

Mention 2

A

Ebola

Marburg

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7
Q

Flaviviridae

List 4

A

Yellow fever

Dengue

Omsk H.F.

Kyasanur Forest Disease

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8
Q

First virus in arenaviridae to cause hemorrhagic fever is _______ in ______

A

Junin

Argentina

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9
Q

Lassa virus occurred in Nigeria first jn ______

A

1969

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10
Q

Arenaviridae Transmission

Virus transmission and amplification occurs in _______

Shed virus through ______,_______, and ___________

A

rodents

urine, feces, and other excreta

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11
Q

Arenaviridae Transmission

Human infection
– Contact with ______
–_________ materials
–_______ transmission
Person-to-person transmission

A

excreta

Contaminated

Aerosol

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12
Q

Arenaviridae Epidemiology

Africa – ____________________

South America
–_______,_______,___________, and _________

A

Lassa

Junin, Machupo, Guanarito, and Sabia

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13
Q

Arenaviridae Epidemiology

Explosive nosicomial outbreaks with ______ and _______

A

Lassa and Machupo

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14
Q

Arenaviridae in Humans

____________ period

________ and _______

__________ stage

A

Incubation

Fever and malaise

Hemorrhagic

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15
Q

Arenaviridae in Humans

Incubation period – ____-____ days

Fever and malaise – for ___-___ days

A

3 – 21

2–4

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16
Q

Arenaviridae in Humans

Hemorrhagic stage
—______,_________,_________ – Neurologic signs

A

Hemorrhage, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia

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17
Q

Bunyaviridae History

1930: Rift Valley Fever – Egypt – _____ in _______

1940s: CCHF - Crimean peninsula
– Hemorrhagic fever in ___________

1951: Hantavirus – Korea
– Hemorrhagic fever in ________

A

Epizootic; sheep

agricultural workers

UN troops

18
Q

Bunyaviridae Transmission

___________ vector
– Exception – _______________

A

Arthropod

Hantaviruses

19
Q

Bunyaviridae Transmission

Rift Valley Fever – _________

CCHF – _______

Hantavirus – _______

Less common mode of transmission is by _________ and __________

A

Aedes mosquito

Ixodid tick

Rodents

Aerosol; Exposure to infected animal tissue

20
Q

Bunyaviridae in Humans

Rift valley fever
•Incubation period – 2-5 days

Crimean Congo HF
•Incubation period – 3-7 days

Hantavirus
•Incubation period – 7–21 days

A

2-5

3-7

7-21

21
Q

Bunyaviridae in Humans

Rift valley fever
•_____% - Hemorrhagic Fever

Crimean Congo HF

•Hemorrhagic Fever - ____days following clinical signs

Hantavirus
•__________ and _______

A

0.5

3–6

Hantavirus Pulmonary syndrome and Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome

22
Q

Bunyaviridae in Animals

Rift valley river
– Abortion – _____%
– Mortality rate is >____% in young and ______% in older animals

Crimean Congo HF
–____________ infection in livestock

Hantaviruses
–_________ infection in rodents

A

100

90

5-60

Unapparent

Unapparent

23
Q

Filoviridae History

1967: Marburg virus
–______________ workers

1976: Ebola virus – Ebola _____; Ebola ______

1989 and 1992: Ebola _____
– USA and Italy
– Imported ______ from Philippines

1994: Ebola Côte d’Ivoire

A

European laboratory

Zaire; Sudan

Reston; macaques

24
Q

Filoviridae Transmission

Reservoir is ________

A

Reservoir is UNKNOWN

25
Q

Filoviridae Transmission

Bats implicated with ________ and ________

________ contact

___________ transmission

__________ transmission

A

Marburg and Ebola

Intimate

Nosicomial

Aerosol

26
Q

Filoviridae Transmission

Nosicomial transmission
–_____ of needles and syringes
– Exposure to _____ tissues, excretions, and hospital wastes

Aerosol transmission – _________

A

Reuse

infectious

Primates

27
Q

___viridae

Most severe hemorrhagic fever

Incubation period:_____ days

A

Filo

2–21

28
Q

Filoviridae in Humans

(Abrupt or Gradual?) onset

– Fever, chills, malaise, and myalgia

________ and _______

Death around day ____-_____

_________ recovery

A

Abrupt

Hemorrhage and DIC

7–11

Painful

29
Q

Filoviridae in Animals

Hemorrhagic fever
– Different clinical course to humans

T/F

A

F

Same

30
Q

Filoviridae in Animals

Ebola Reston
– (Low or High?) primate mortality - ~ ______%

A

High

82

31
Q

Flaviviridae Transmission
Arthropod vector
Yellow Fever and Dengue viruses
– Aedes aegypti – Sylvatic cycle – Urban cycle
Kasanur Forest Virus – Ixodid tick
Omsk Hemorrhagic Fever virus – Muskrat urine, feces, or blood

A
32
Q

Flaviviridae Transmission

_________ vector except ______ that uses _____

A

Arthropod

Omsk Hemorrhagic Fever virus

Musk rats

33
Q

Flaviviridae Transmission

Yellow Fever and Dengue viruses
–_________ –______ cycle –______ cycle

Kasanur Forest Virus – _______

Omsk Hemorrhagic Fever virus – ______,______, or ______

A

Aedes aegypti; Sylvatic; Urban

Ixodid tick

Muskrat urine, feces, or blood

34
Q

Flaviviridae in Humans

Yellow Fever
– Incubation period – _______

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever
– Incubation period – ________

A

3–6 days

2-5 days

35
Q

Flaviviridae in Humans

____________
Short remission

_______ Hemorrhagic Fever
– Lasting sequela

A

Yellow Fever

Omsk

36
Q

Clinical Symptoms

Differ slightly depending on virus

Initial symptoms
– Marked _____
-________
– ________
– Muscle _____
– _______

A

fever

Fatigue

Dizziness

aches

Exhaustion

37
Q

Clinical symptoms

More severe
– Bleeding under skin
________,______,_______
– Bleeding in________
– Bleeding from _______ (but ___________________ in all cases)

A

Petechiae, ecchymoses, conjunctivitis

internal organs

orifices

not visible or seen

38
Q

Treatment

Supportive treatment

________

________ plasma

Strict ______ of affected patients is required

Report to _______

A

Ribavirin

Convalescent-phase

isolation

health authorities

39
Q

Treatment

Ribavirin
•
Effective in when _____________

_______ and ________ only

A

administered early on onset of infection

Arenaviridae and Bunyaviridae

40
Q

Treatment

Convalescent-phase plasma

_______ HF, _______ HF and ______

A

Argentine

Bolivian

Ebola

41
Q

Vaccine available for _______

A

Yellow fever

42
Q

Prevention and Control.

Disinfect and dispose of instruments
– Use a ____% solution of ________ (___:____ dilution of bleach)

A

0.5

sodium hypochlorite

1:10

House Microbiology (93 decks)

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