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House Microbiology > Inro To Virology > Flashcards

Inro To Virology Flashcards

1
Q

A virus is an infectious agent that is minimally constructed of two components:

1) a ____
2) a ____

A

genome

capsid

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2
Q

a genome of a virus consists of either ribonucleic acid (RNA) or deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), or both
T/F

A

F

Not both

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3
Q

a capsid is a ____-containing structure designed to _____

A

protein

protect the genome.

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4
Q

A complete virus particle combining these structural elements is called a ______.

A

virion

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5
Q

Terminology

-Virion: The ______

-Capsid: The —— that surrounds ___

-Nucleocapsid: The ____ plus the ____.

-Capsomeres: The _______

A

complete virus particle.

protein coat; nucleic acid.

nucleic acid; capsid

structural protein units that made up the capsid.

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6
Q

Terminology

Surface Proteins: These are _____ found on the ____ of viruses that facilitate ______ of the virion into host cells.

A

glycoproteins

lipid envelope

attachment and entry

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7
Q

Viral Envelope: This is the _____ of some types of viruses. Usually derived from portions of the _____ and includes some ______

A

outermost layer

host cell membranes

viral glycoproteins.

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8
Q

Characteristics of VIRUSES

Viruses range in size between __-__ nanometers ( nm ).

A

20-300

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9
Q

Viruses are (smaller or larger ?) than bacteria

A

Smaller

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10
Q

Viruses possess cellular organelles, such as mitochondria and ribosomes.
T/F

A

F

They lack it

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11
Q

Viruses are obligate cellular parasites , meaning that They _________

A

replicate only inside living cells.

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12
Q

Viruses replicate through replication of their ______ and synthesis of the ____

A

nucleic acid

viral protein.

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13
Q

Viruses do not multiply in chemically defined media.
T/F

A

T

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14
Q

Viruses undergo binary fission

T/F

A

F

They do not

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15
Q

CLASSIFICATIONS
Viruses are classified based on
-_____
-______
-______

A

type and structure of the viral nucleic acid (Genome)
-type of symmetry of the virus capsid (Capsid Symmetry)
-presence or absence of a lipid envelope. (Envelope)

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16
Q

Based on the genome
-____viruses or ___ viruses
-_____ or ____
-_____stranded or ____ stranded

A

DNA; RNA

Linear or Circular

Single; double

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17
Q

some viruses are also recognized as segmented.

T/F

A

T

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18
Q

DNA GENOME

*Linear genome: ______,______, and ____
*Circular genome: _____ and ____ and ______

A

adenoviruses, herpesviruses, and poxviruses

polyomaviruses and hepadnaviruses and papilloma virus

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19
Q

RNA GENOME
(1)Positive-sense (+) RNA

-Directly translated into protein
T/F

A

T

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20
Q

Positive-sense (+) RNA genome has (Same or different?) sequence as _____

A

Same

messenger RNA (mRNA)

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21
Q

Exception to the Positive-sense (+) RNA viruses is the _____ in which the (+) RNA genome is ____ but is converted into ___, which then acts as ______

A

retroviruses

not translated

DNA

a template for production of mRNA.

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22
Q

Negative-sense (-) RNA

The Sequence is (identical or complementary?) to mRNA

A

complementary

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23
Q

Negative-sense (-) RNA

Must be copied into mRNAs for protein synthesis

T/F

A

T

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24
Q

Double-stranded (+/–) RNA:

copying of (- or +?) strand generates mRNA for protein synthesis

A

(-)

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25
Segmented GENOME -Found in the __viruses, a dsRNA genome, and in three families of (-) ssRNA viruses (____viruses, __viruses, and ___viruses) -Consists of several pieces, or segments, each of which encodes at least one polypeptide
reo orthomyxo; arena; bunya
26
Segmented genome viruses Can’t undergo reassortment among genomic segments T/F
F It may
27
Based ON CAPSID SYMMETRY (1)____ (2)______ (3)_____ Based ON THE Envelope ____ _____
Cubic Helical Complex Naked Enveloped
28
Based ON CAPSID SYMMETRY (1)Cubic The virus particle is _____ in shape (almost ____ particle ) and the nucleic acid contained inside the capsid. (2)Helical The virus particle is _____ or ______ , and the nucleic acid is _____ (3)Complex The virus particle does is ???
icosahedral spherical elongated or pleomorphic spiral not confirm either cubic or helical symmetry.
29
DNA VIRUSES The _____ viruses( the acronym)
HHAPPPPy
30
DNA viruses!!! Single stranded unenveloped = ____ Double stranded enveloped=________ Double stranded unenveloped = _________
parvo Hepadna, herpes, pox Adeno,papilloma, polyoma
31
Parvo- linear or circular Hepadna- linear or circular Herpes-linear or circular Pox - linear or circular Adeno- linear or circular Papilloma -linear or circular Polyoma- linear or circular
Linear Circular Linear Linear Linear Circular Circular
32
Largest DNA virus = ____ Smallest DNA virus = ____
pox parvo
33
Only DNA virus that doesn’t replicate in the nucleus =___
POX
34
Based ON THE Envelope Naked Enveloped Which is sensitive/resistant to heat,acid,detergent,dying? Effect of drying?
Naked is resistant; enveloped is sensitive Naked-retain infectivity ; enveloped-lose infectivity
35
How are enveloped and baked viruses Released from host cell?? And does the host cell survive
Naked- By cell lysis (host cell killed) By budding(host cell survives)
36
Survival of naked and enveloped viruses within GIT And state the exceptions
Naked- yes Enveloped-no . Except Corona and Hepadna
37
Mode of spread of naked viruses Mode of spread of enveloped viruses
Naked-Formites,dust,fecal-oral Enveloped-Secretions, organ or blood transplants, large droplets
38
Components of naked viruses include Phospholipids, proteins, glycoproteins T/F
F Only proteins The rest are for enveloped viruses
39
Immune response to naked viruses??
Antibody response
40
Immune response to enveloped viruses??
Antibody and cell mediated responses that contributes to pathogenesis
41
all RNA viruses replicate in the cytoplasm except _____ and ____ virus
retrovirus and influenza
42
Reovirus Naked or enveloped Single or double stranded Linear or circular Capsid symmetry? Examples
Naked Double Linear Icosahedral Coltivirus Rotavirus
43
Picornaviruses Naked or enveloped Single or double stranded Linear or circular Capsid symmetry? Examples
Naked Single Linear Icosahedral PERCH polio,echo,rhino, coxsackie HAV
44
Hepevirus Naked or enveloped Single or double stranded Linear or circular Capsid symmetry? Examples
Enveloped Double Linear Icosahedral HSV
45
Calicivirus Naked or enveloped Single or double stranded Linear or circular Capsid symmetry? Examples
Naked Single Linear Icosahedral Norovirus
46
Flaviviruses Naked or enveloped Single or double stranded Linear or circular Capsid symmetry?
Enveloped Single Linear Icosahedral
47
Togaviruses Naked or enveloped Single or double stranded Linear or circular Capsid symmetry?
Enveloped Single Linear Icosahedral
48
Retrovirus Naked or enveloped Single or double stranded Linear or circular Capsid symmetry? Examples
Enveloped Single Linear Icosahedral and complex and conical HTLV HIV
49
HTLV- _____ HIV-____
T-cell leukemia AIDS
50
Rhinovirus- _____ Coltivirus- _____
Common cold Colorado tick fever
51
Rotavirus- cause of ____ in children
Fatal diarrhea
52
Coronavirus Naked or enveloped Single or double stranded Linear or circular Capsid symmetry? Symptoms
Enveloped Single Linear Helical Common cold; SARS, MERS, COVID-19
53
Orthomyxoviruses Naked or enveloped Single or double stranded Linear or circular Capsid symmetry? Symptoms
Enveloped Single Linear Helical Influenza virus
54
Paramyxoviruses Naked or enveloped Single or double stranded Linear or circular Capsid symmetry? Examples
Enveloped Single Linear Helical Parainfluenza RSV Measles, mumps
55
Rhabdoviruses Naked or enveloped Single or double stranded Linear or circular Capsid symmetry? Symptoms
Enveloped Single Linear Helical Rabies
56
Filoviruses Naked or enveloped Single or double stranded Linear or circular Capsid symmetry? Symptoms
Enveloped Single Linear Helical Ebola, Marburg hemorrhagic fever
57
Arenaviruses Naked or enveloped Single or double stranded Linear or circular Capsid symmetry? Symptoms
Enveloped Single Circular Helical LCMV Lassa fever
58
Bunyavirus Naked or enveloped Single or double stranded Linear or circular Capsid symmetry?
Enveloped Single Circular Helical
59
Reverse transcriptase Aka _______
RNA dependent DNA polymerase
60
Mention 1 dna virus with reverse transcriptase
Hepadnavirus
61
Hepadnavirus is a retrovirus T/F
F
62
HerpesVirus is to Herpes As Pox virus is to ______ and _____ As Hepadnavirus is to ________ As Papilomavirus is to _____ As Polyomavirus is to _____ and _____ As Parvovirus is to ______
Smallpox ; cowpox Hepatitis HPV JK; BK B19 virus
63
JC = _______ BK= ______
Junky cerebrum bad kidney
64
List the +RNA naked viruses
Calicivirus Picornavirus
65
List of +RNA enveloped viruses
Coronavirus Flavioviruses Togaviruses
66
Example of a double cap side RNA virus
Reovirus
67
Example of a + RNA virus using DNA polymerase
Retrovirus
68
Example of 5 negative strand rna viruses
Bunya Arena Orthomyxo Paramyxovirus Rhabdo
69
Only double stranded rna virus
Reovirus
70
List the rna icosahedral viruses
Calici Flavi Toga picorna Reovirus Retro
71
List the rna helical viruses
Corona Bunya Arena Orthomyxo Paramyxovirus Rhabdo
72
List the circular rna viruses
Bunya Arena
73
Examples of reoviruses
Rotavirus Coltivirus
74
Examples of picornaviruses
P olio E cho R hino C oxsackie H AV
75
Example of Orthomyxo viruses
Influenza
76
Example of paramyxovirus
Parainfluenza RSV Measles, Mumps
77
Examples of filo, Rhabdo, and arena viruses
Ebola, rabies, Lassa fever
78
_________ introduced the term virus in microbiology.
Edward Jenner
79
Virus in Greek means ———.
poison
80
Defective virus: the virus cannot ______, it requires ______
replicate by its own helper virus.
81
Nanometer : _____
milli-micron.
82
The icosahedron particle is composed of ___ equilateral triangles , ___ vertices and has ____ rotational symmetry.
20 12 2,3,5
83
Size of viral genome is in _____ or _____
Kilobases (kb) Kilobase pair(Kbp)
84
It’s important to know the susceptibility of viruses to physical and chemical agents especially ____ and _____
Ether Detergents
85
Global system of naming and identifying viruses is by _________
International committee on taxonomy of viruses (ICTV)
86
Use of suffix to identify the taxon Order - Family- Subfamily- Genus - Species-
Virale Viridae Viriae Virus Virus
87
There are ___ DNA virus families recognized in humans There are ___ RNA virus families recognized in humans
7 14
88
Classify Ebola! Order- Family- Genus- Species-
Mononegavirales Filoviridae Ebolavirus Ebolavirus Zaire
89
Classify herpes! Order- Family- Subfamily- Genus- Species-
Herpesvirales Herpesviridae alphaherpesvirinae Simplexvirus Herpes Simple X virus type 1
90
Size of their genomes!! Hepadna Herpes Pox
3.2 125-240 130-375
91
Examples under herpesvirus
Varicella-zoster virus Human cytomegalovirus Simplex Roseolovirus Lymphocryptovirus
92
Examples under parvoviridae
Parvovirus Erythrovirus Dependovirus
93
Examples under pox viridae
Orthopox Suispox Avipox Mollusci pox
94
Examples under Arenaviridae
Lassa , mopeia, junin, machupo
95
Examples under astroviridae
Astrovirus
96
Examples under bunyaviridae
Bunyavirus, Nairovirus, hantanvirus, phlebovirus
97
Examples under caliciviridae
Norwalk Hepatitis E
98
Examples under coronaviradae
Coronavirus, SARS virus
99
Examples under filoviridae
Ebola, Marburg
100
Examples under flaviviridae
West Nile, dengue fever, yellow fever , hepatitis C
101
Insect that transmits West Nile, dengue fever, yellow fever?
Mosquitoes
102
Examples under picornaviridae
Enterovirus Heptovirus Rhinovirus
103
Genus of HIV Is??
Lentivirus
104
Examples under rhabdovirus
Rabies, lyssa, vessiculovirus
105
Examples under togaviridae
Alpha virus Rubivirus
106
Enterovirus includes ____
Poliovirus
107
Tell me the families of Hep A Hep B Hep C Hep E
Picornaviridae Hepadnaviridae Flaviviridae Caliciviridae
108
Delta virus requires the presence of _______ virus to replicate
Hepatitis B virus
109
Epstein-Barr virus belongs to which family
Herpes family
110
Size of genome of Papillomavoridae Adenoviridae Polyomaviridae
8 26-45 5
111
Picornaviridae - small (_____nm), –The RNA genome is ___-___ kb in size.
28–30 7.2–8.4
112
Orthomyxoviridae -___-___-nm The genome ___-___kb in size.
80- to 120 10–13.6
113
In orthomyxoviridae, Particles are either ______ or _____, with surface projections that contain ______ or ______ activity.
round or filamentous hemagglutinin or neuraminidase
114
Paramyxoviridae - RNA is ___-___kb in size.
16–20
115
Example of ambisense viruses
Reovirus Arenavirus
116
Mention 2 ether resistant viruses
Picornaviridae Flaviviridae
117
Acyclovir inhibits HIV replication T/F
T

House Microbiology (94 decks)

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