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House Microbiology > Inro To Virology > Flashcards

Inro To Virology Flashcards

1
Q

A virus is an infectious agent that is minimally constructed of two components:

1) a ____
2) a ____

A

genome

capsid

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2
Q

a genome of a virus consists of either ribonucleic acid (RNA) or deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), or both
T/F

A

F

Not both

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3
Q

a capsid is a ____-containing structure designed to _____

A

protein

protect the genome.

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4
Q

A complete virus particle combining these structural elements is called a ______.

A

virion

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5
Q

Terminology

-Virion: The ______

-Capsid: The —— that surrounds ___

-Nucleocapsid: The ____ plus the ____.

-Capsomeres: The _______

A

complete virus particle.

protein coat; nucleic acid.

nucleic acid; capsid

structural protein units that made up the capsid.

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6
Q

Terminology

Surface Proteins: These are _____ found on the ____ of viruses that facilitate ______ of the virion into host cells.

A

glycoproteins

lipid envelope

attachment and entry

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7
Q

Viral Envelope: This is the _____ of some types of viruses. Usually derived from portions of the _____ and includes some ______

A

outermost layer

host cell membranes

viral glycoproteins.

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8
Q

Characteristics of VIRUSES

Viruses range in size between __-__ nanometers ( nm ).

A

20-300

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9
Q

Viruses are (smaller or larger ?) than bacteria

A

Smaller

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10
Q

Viruses possess cellular organelles, such as mitochondria and ribosomes.
T/F

A

F

They lack it

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11
Q

Viruses are obligate cellular parasites , meaning that They _________

A

replicate only inside living cells.

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12
Q

Viruses replicate through replication of their ______ and synthesis of the ____

A

nucleic acid

viral protein.

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13
Q

Viruses do not multiply in chemically defined media.
T/F

A

T

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14
Q

Viruses undergo binary fission

T/F

A

F

They do not

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15
Q

CLASSIFICATIONS
Viruses are classified based on
-_____
-______
-______

A

type and structure of the viral nucleic acid (Genome)
-type of symmetry of the virus capsid (Capsid Symmetry)
-presence or absence of a lipid envelope. (Envelope)

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16
Q

Based on the genome
-____viruses or ___ viruses
-_____ or ____
-_____stranded or ____ stranded

A

DNA; RNA

Linear or Circular

Single; double

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17
Q

some viruses are also recognized as segmented.

T/F

A

T

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18
Q

DNA GENOME

*Linear genome: ______,______, and ____
*Circular genome: _____ and ____ and ______

A

adenoviruses, herpesviruses, and poxviruses

polyomaviruses and hepadnaviruses and papilloma virus

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19
Q

RNA GENOME
(1)Positive-sense (+) RNA

-Directly translated into protein
T/F

A

T

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20
Q

Positive-sense (+) RNA genome has (Same or different?) sequence as _____

A

Same

messenger RNA (mRNA)

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21
Q

Exception to the Positive-sense (+) RNA viruses is the _____ in which the (+) RNA genome is ____ but is converted into ___, which then acts as ______

A

retroviruses

not translated

DNA

a template for production of mRNA.

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22
Q

Negative-sense (-) RNA

The Sequence is (identical or complementary?) to mRNA

A

complementary

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23
Q

Negative-sense (-) RNA

Must be copied into mRNAs for protein synthesis

T/F

A

T

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24
Q

Double-stranded (+/–) RNA:

copying of (- or +?) strand generates mRNA for protein synthesis

A

(-)

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25
Q

Segmented GENOME
-Found in the __viruses, a dsRNA genome, and in three families of (-) ssRNA viruses (____viruses, __viruses, and ___viruses)

-Consists of several pieces, or segments, each of which encodes at least one polypeptide

A

reo

orthomyxo; arena; bunya

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26
Q

Segmented genome viruses

Can’t undergo reassortment among genomic segments

T/F

A

F

It may

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27
Q

Based ON CAPSID SYMMETRY
(1)____

(2)______

(3)_____
Based ON THE Envelope

____
_____

A

Cubic

Helical

Complex

Naked
Enveloped

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28
Q

Based ON CAPSID SYMMETRY
(1)Cubic
The virus particle is _____ in shape (almost ____ particle ) and the nucleic acid contained inside the capsid.

(2)Helical
The virus particle is _____ or ______ , and the nucleic acid is _____

(3)Complex
The virus particle does is ???

A

icosahedral

spherical

elongated or pleomorphic

spiral

not confirm either cubic or helical symmetry.

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29
Q

DNA VIRUSES
The _____ viruses( the acronym)

A

HHAPPPPy

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30
Q

DNA viruses!!!

Single stranded unenveloped = ____

Double stranded enveloped=________

Double stranded unenveloped = _________

A

parvo

Hepadna, herpes, pox

Adeno,papilloma, polyoma

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31
Q

Parvo- linear or circular

Hepadna- linear or circular

Herpes-linear or circular

Pox - linear or circular

Adeno- linear or circular

Papilloma -linear or circular

Polyoma- linear or circular

A

Linear

Circular

Linear

Linear

Linear

Circular

Circular

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32
Q

Largest DNA virus = ____

Smallest DNA virus = ____

A

pox

parvo

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33
Q

Only DNA virus that doesn’t replicate in the nucleus =___

A

POX

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34
Q

Based ON THE Envelope

Naked
Enveloped

Which is sensitive/resistant to heat,acid,detergent,dying?

Effect of drying?

A

Naked is resistant; enveloped is sensitive

Naked-retain infectivity ; enveloped-lose infectivity

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35
Q

How are enveloped and baked viruses Released from host cell??

And does the host cell survive

A

Naked- By cell lysis (host cell killed)

By budding(host cell survives)

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36
Q

Survival of naked and enveloped viruses within GIT

And state the exceptions

A

Naked- yes

Enveloped-no . Except Corona and Hepadna

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37
Q

Mode of spread of naked viruses

Mode of spread of enveloped viruses

A

Naked-Formites,dust,fecal-oral

Enveloped-Secretions, organ or blood transplants, large droplets

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38
Q

Components of naked viruses include

Phospholipids, proteins, glycoproteins

T/F

A

F

Only proteins

The rest are for enveloped viruses

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39
Q

Immune response to naked viruses??

A

Antibody response

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40
Q

Immune response to enveloped viruses??

A

Antibody and cell mediated responses that contributes to pathogenesis

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41
Q

all RNA viruses replicate in the cytoplasm except _____ and ____ virus

A

retrovirus and influenza

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42
Q

Reovirus

Naked or enveloped
Single or double stranded
Linear or circular
Capsid symmetry?

Examples

A

Naked
Double
Linear
Icosahedral

Coltivirus
Rotavirus

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43
Q

Picornaviruses

Naked or enveloped
Single or double stranded
Linear or circular
Capsid symmetry?

Examples

A

Naked
Single
Linear
Icosahedral

PERCH

polio,echo,rhino, coxsackie HAV

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44
Q

Hepevirus

Naked or enveloped
Single or double stranded
Linear or circular
Capsid symmetry?

Examples

A

Enveloped
Double
Linear
Icosahedral

HSV

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45
Q

Calicivirus

Naked or enveloped
Single or double stranded
Linear or circular
Capsid symmetry?

Examples

A

Naked
Single
Linear
Icosahedral

Norovirus

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46
Q

Flaviviruses

Naked or enveloped
Single or double stranded
Linear or circular
Capsid symmetry?

A

Enveloped
Single
Linear
Icosahedral

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47
Q

Togaviruses

Naked or enveloped
Single or double stranded
Linear or circular
Capsid symmetry?

A

Enveloped
Single
Linear
Icosahedral

48
Q

Retrovirus

Naked or enveloped
Single or double stranded
Linear or circular
Capsid symmetry?

Examples

A

Enveloped
Single
Linear
Icosahedral and complex and conical

HTLV
HIV

49
Q

HTLV- _____

HIV-____

A

T-cell leukemia

AIDS

50
Q

Rhinovirus- _____

Coltivirus- _____

A

Common cold

Colorado tick fever

51
Q

Rotavirus- cause of ____ in children

A

Fatal diarrhea

52
Q

Coronavirus

Naked or enveloped
Single or double stranded
Linear or circular
Capsid symmetry?

Symptoms

A

Enveloped
Single
Linear
Helical

Common cold; SARS, MERS, COVID-19

53
Q

Orthomyxoviruses

Naked or enveloped
Single or double stranded
Linear or circular
Capsid symmetry?

Symptoms

A

Enveloped
Single
Linear
Helical

Influenza virus

54
Q

Paramyxoviruses

Naked or enveloped
Single or double stranded
Linear or circular
Capsid symmetry?

Examples

A

Enveloped
Single
Linear
Helical

Parainfluenza
RSV
Measles, mumps

55
Q

Rhabdoviruses

Naked or enveloped
Single or double stranded
Linear or circular
Capsid symmetry?

Symptoms

A

Enveloped
Single
Linear
Helical

Rabies

56
Q

Filoviruses

Naked or enveloped
Single or double stranded
Linear or circular
Capsid symmetry?

Symptoms

A

Enveloped
Single
Linear
Helical

Ebola, Marburg hemorrhagic fever

57
Q

Arenaviruses

Naked or enveloped
Single or double stranded
Linear or circular
Capsid symmetry?

Symptoms

A

Enveloped
Single
Circular
Helical

LCMV
Lassa fever

58
Q

Bunyavirus

Naked or enveloped
Single or double stranded
Linear or circular
Capsid symmetry?

A

Enveloped
Single
Circular
Helical

59
Q

Reverse transcriptase

Aka

_______

A

RNA dependent DNA polymerase

60
Q

Mention 1 dna virus with reverse transcriptase

A

Hepadnavirus

61
Q

Hepadnavirus is a retrovirus

T/F

62
Q

HerpesVirus is to Herpes
As
Pox virus is to ______ and _____
As
Hepadnavirus is to ________
As
Papilomavirus is to _____
As
Polyomavirus is to _____ and _____
As
Parvovirus is to ______

A

Smallpox ; cowpox

Hepatitis
HPV
JK; BK
B19 virus

63
Q

JC = _______
BK= ______

A

Junky cerebrum

bad kidney

64
Q

List the +RNA naked viruses

A

Calicivirus
Picornavirus

65
Q

List of +RNA enveloped viruses

A

Coronavirus
Flavioviruses
Togaviruses

66
Q

Example of a double cap side RNA virus

67
Q

Example of a + RNA virus using DNA polymerase

A

Retrovirus

68
Q

Example of 5 negative strand rna viruses

A

Bunya
Arena
Orthomyxo
Paramyxovirus
Rhabdo

69
Q

Only double stranded rna virus

70
Q

List the rna icosahedral viruses

A

Calici
Flavi
Toga
picorna
Reovirus
Retro

71
Q

List the rna helical viruses

A

Corona
Bunya
Arena
Orthomyxo
Paramyxovirus
Rhabdo

72
Q

List the circular rna viruses

A

Bunya
Arena

73
Q

Examples of reoviruses

A

Rotavirus
Coltivirus

74
Q

Examples of picornaviruses

A

P olio
E cho
R hino
C oxsackie
H AV

75
Q

Example of Orthomyxo viruses

76
Q

Example of paramyxovirus

A

Parainfluenza
RSV
Measles, Mumps

77
Q

Examples of filo, Rhabdo, and arena viruses

A

Ebola, rabies, Lassa fever

78
Q

_________ introduced the term virus in microbiology.

A

Edward Jenner

79
Q

Virus in Greek means ———.

80
Q

Defective virus: the virus cannot ______, it requires ______

A

replicate by its own

helper virus.

81
Q

Nanometer : _____

A

milli-micron.

82
Q

The icosahedron particle is composed of ___ equilateral triangles , ___ vertices and has ____ rotational symmetry.

A

20

12

2,3,5

83
Q

Size of viral genome is in _____ or _____

A

Kilobases (kb)
Kilobase pair(Kbp)

84
Q

It’s important to know the susceptibility of viruses to physical and chemical agents especially ____ and _____

A

Ether
Detergents

85
Q

Global system of naming and identifying viruses is by _________

A

International committee on taxonomy of viruses (ICTV)

86
Q

Use of suffix to identify the taxon

Order -
Family-
Subfamily-
Genus -
Species-

A

Virale
Viridae
Viriae
Virus
Virus

87
Q

There are ___ DNA virus families recognized in humans

There are ___ RNA virus families recognized in humans

88
Q

Classify Ebola!

Order-
Family-
Genus-
Species-

A

Mononegavirales
Filoviridae
Ebolavirus
Ebolavirus Zaire

89
Q

Classify herpes!

Order-
Family-
Subfamily-
Genus-
Species-

A

Herpesvirales
Herpesviridae
alphaherpesvirinae
Simplexvirus
Herpes Simple X virus type 1

90
Q

Size of their genomes!!

Hepadna
Herpes
Pox

A

3.2
125-240
130-375

91
Q

Examples under herpesvirus

A

Varicella-zoster virus

Human cytomegalovirus

Simplex

Roseolovirus
Lymphocryptovirus

92
Q

Examples under parvoviridae

A

Parvovirus
Erythrovirus
Dependovirus

93
Q

Examples under pox viridae

A

Orthopox
Suispox
Avipox
Mollusci pox

94
Q

Examples under Arenaviridae

A

Lassa , mopeia, junin, machupo

95
Q

Examples under astroviridae

A

Astrovirus

96
Q

Examples under bunyaviridae

A

Bunyavirus, Nairovirus, hantanvirus, phlebovirus

97
Q

Examples under caliciviridae

A

Norwalk

Hepatitis E

98
Q

Examples under coronaviradae

A

Coronavirus, SARS virus

99
Q

Examples under filoviridae

A

Ebola, Marburg

100
Q

Examples under flaviviridae

A

West Nile, dengue fever, yellow fever , hepatitis C

101
Q

Insect that transmits West Nile, dengue fever, yellow fever?

A

Mosquitoes

102
Q

Examples under picornaviridae

A

Enterovirus
Heptovirus
Rhinovirus

103
Q

Genus of HIV Is??

A

Lentivirus

104
Q

Examples under rhabdovirus

A

Rabies, lyssa, vessiculovirus

105
Q

Examples under togaviridae

A

Alpha virus
Rubivirus

106
Q

Enterovirus includes ____

A

Poliovirus

107
Q

Tell me the families of

Hep A
Hep B
Hep C
Hep E

A

Picornaviridae
Hepadnaviridae
Flaviviridae
Caliciviridae

108
Q

Delta virus requires the presence of _______ virus to replicate

A

Hepatitis B virus

109
Q

Epstein-Barr virus belongs to which family

A

Herpes family

110
Q

Size of genome of

Papillomavoridae
Adenoviridae
Polyomaviridae

111
Q

Picornaviridae - small (_____nm),

–The RNA genome is ___-___ kb in size.

A

28–30

7.2–8.4

112
Q

Orthomyxoviridae -___-___-nm

The genome ___-___kb in size.

A

80- to 120

10–13.6

113
Q

In orthomyxoviridae, Particles are either ______ or _____, with surface projections that contain ______ or ______ activity.

A

round or filamentous

hemagglutinin or neuraminidase

114
Q

Paramyxoviridae - RNA is ___-___kb in size.

115
Q

Example of ambisense viruses

A

Reovirus
Arenavirus

116
Q

Mention 2 ether resistant viruses

A

Picornaviridae
Flaviviridae

117
Q

Acyclovir inhibits HIV replication

T/F

House Microbiology (94 decks)

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