Prototype Drug Unit 3 & 4- Tramadol

Question 1

therapeutic classification

Answer 1

Analgesic

Question 2

Pharmacologic classification

Answer 2

Mixed opioid-nonopioid analgesic

Question 3

Therapeutic effects and uses

Answer 3

Used for short-term relief of acute pain and moderate to moderately severe chronic pain.

Question 4

Mechanism of action

Answer 4

The drug and one of its metabolites bind to the opioid mu receptor. It also inhibits norepinephrine and serotonin reuptake in spinal neurons

Question 5

Routes

Answer 5

PO

Question 6

Absorption

Answer 6

75% absorbed

Question 7

Distribution

Answer 7

Widely distributed; crosses the placenta; small amounts secreted in breast milk; 20% bound to protein

Question 8

Primary metabolism

Answer 8

Hepatic

Question 9

Primary excretion

Answer 9

Renal

Question 10

Adverse effects

Answer 10

Vertigo, dizziness, headache, nausea, vomiting, constipation, and lethargy

Question 11

Contraindication/precautions

Answer 11

Contraindications: hypersensitivity, people with a history of depression or suicidal ideation, lactation, and pregnancy

Precautions: patients allergic to codeine and other opioid agonists because cross-hypersensitivity has been reported. People with a history of substance abuse. COPD, Renal or hepatic impairment. People with history of seizures

Question 12

Drug interactions

Answer 12

carbamazepine or certain antidepressants inrease risk of seizures and additive CNS depressant effects. Enthanol and tramadol= death. MAOIs can cause seizures or serotonin syndrome.

Question 13

Herbal/food interactions

Answer 13

Food effects absorption significantly. St. John’s wort is contraindicated. Valerian and Kava cause additive CNS depressant effects.

Question 14

Pregnancy Category

Answer 14

C

Question 15

Treatment of Overdose

Answer 15

Administration of naloxone will reduce some but not all of the effects that tramadol overdose will cause.