Prototype Drug Unit 3 & 4- Timolol

Question 1

Therapeutic classification

Answer 1

Drug for glaucoma

Question 2

Pharmacologic classification

Answer 2

Miotic, beta-adrenergic antagonist

Question 3

Therapeutic effects and uses

Answer 3

It is for chronic open-angle glaucoma and aphakic glaucoma, secondary glaucoma, and ocular HTN. The usual dose is one drop in the affected eye twice a day.

Question 4

Mechanism of action

Answer 4

Timolol topically lowers the elevated and normal IOP by reducing the formation of aqueous humor and possibly increasing outflow

Question 5

Routes

Answer 5

Eye solution or gel

Question 6

Absorption

Answer 6

small amounts reach the systemic circulation from topical application

Question 7

Distribution

Answer 7

Secreted in breast milk

Question 8

Metabolism

Answer 8

80% metabolized in the liver to inactive metabolites

Question 9

Excretion

Answer 9

Renal

Question 10

Adverse effects

Answer 10

Local burning and stinging on instillation

Question 11

Contraindications/precautions

Answer 11

Contraindications: asthma, COPD, sinus bradycardia, second or third degree atroventricular block, heart failure, cardiogenic shock, or hypersensitivity

Question 12

Drug interactions

Answer 12

Other beta blockers causes additive cardiac effects. Anticholinergics, nitrates, resperine, mehtyldopa, or verapamil leads to hypotension and bradycardia

Question 13

Pregnancy Category

Answer 13

C