Prototype Drug Unit 3 & 4- Morphine Sulfate Flashcards
Therapeutic classification
Narcotic analgesic
Pharmacologic classification
Opioid agonist
Therapeutic effects and uses
Narcotic analgesic of choice for the management of most types of acute and severe chronic pain. Drug of choice for relieving acute chest pain associated with MI. Also used to treat chronic cancer pain where doses increase over time.
Mechanism of action
Occupies mu and kappa receptor sites. It alters the perception of and emotional response to pain, producing analgesia and euphoria
Routes
PO, IV, subcutaneous
Absorption
PO variable, 30% subcutaneous or IM may be erratic or delayed
Distribution
Widely distributed; crosses the placenta; is secreted in breast milk
Primary metabolism
Hepatic; significant first-pass metabolism
Primary excretion
Renal; 7-10% in bile and feces
Adverse effects
Depresses the CNS, causing sedation, dizziness, anxiety, and a feeling of floating or disorientation.
Black Box Warning
A Schedule 2 controlled substance with a high potential for physical and psychological dependence. Alcohol and products containing alcohol should never be consumed when taking Avinza
Contraindications/precautions
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, premature infants, pregnancy
precautions: Elderly, undiagnosed abdominal pain, hepatic or renal impairment, shock, CNS depression, head injury or increased ICP, COPD, or other conditions with decreased respiratory reserve, including severe obesity.
Drug interactions:
Increased sedation happens when taken with other CNS depressants, including alcohol, skeletal muscle relaxants, and MAOIs. If used with antidiarrheal drugs can cause additive constipation
herbal/food interactions
Kava, valerian, or chamomile can increase CNS depression.
St. John’s wort may decrease the anagelsic action of morphine
Pregnancy category
C
