Prototype Drug Unit 3 & 4- Testosterone Flashcards
Therapeutic classification
Male sex hormone
Pharmacologic classification
Androgen, anabolic steroid, antineoplastic
Therapeutic effects and uses
Treat delayed puberty and hypogonadism by promoting virilization, including maturation of the sexual organs, growth of facial hair, and a deepening of the voice.
In adults it is used to increase masculine features and libido.
Mechanism of action
Binds to specific receptors located in the cell cytoplasm. It then acts on the DNA to promote the synthesis of specific messenger RNA molecules.
Routes
Buccal, Transdermal, IM
Absorption
Cypionate and enanthate are slowly absorbed from IM sites
Distribution
98% bound to sex hormone-binding globulin; unknown if secreted in breast milk
Metabolism
Hepatic
Excretion
90% Renal;6% feces
Adverse effects
Decreased or increased libido. Salt and water are retained causing edema, and a diuretic may by indicated. Acne and skin irritation.
Black Box Warning
Virilization in children and women may occur following secondary exposure. Children and women should avoid the application sites in men using testosterone gel.
Contraindications/precautions
Contraindications: Men with known or suspected breast or prostatic carcinomas. Women who are or may become pregnant. Prostatic hyperplasia
Precautions: Preexisting renal or hepatic impairment. patients with diabetes mellitus, myocardial infarcion, coronary artery disease, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and acute intermittent porphyria.
Drug interactions
Increase of severe bleeding if taken with oral anticoagulants. Corticosteroids may cause additive edema. Hepatotoxic drugs can cause additive liver damage.
Herbal/food interactions
Insulin requirements may decrease, and the risk of hepatotoxicity may increase when used with echinacea.
Pregnancy Category
X
