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Hematology, oncology > Drugs 2 > Flashcards

Drugs 2 Flashcards

1
Q

raloxifene contraindications

A

past medical history of deep venous thrombosis, renal vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, malignancy, ***active smoking, or any thrombophilia

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2
Q

cetuximab, panitumumab MOAs

A

EGFR inhibitors

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3
Q

PARP inhibitors

A

olaparib

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4
Q

checkpoint inhibitor targets

A

CTLA-4 inhibitors, PD-1 inhibitors, PD-L1 inhibitors, LAG-3,

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5
Q

how PARP inhibitors work

A

Formation of double-stranded DNA breaks that in BRCA-competent tumors are repaired by homologous recombination. Tumors with germline BRCA mutations are unable to repair these defects, leading to cell death (referred to as synthetic lethality).

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6
Q

Platinum based chemotherapy agents

A

Cisplatin, carboplatin, oxaliplatin

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7
Q

How do platinum antineoplastics work

A

DNA cross linking, which inhibits DNA repair and synthesis in tumor cells

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8
Q

Cisplatin toxicity

A

Neurotoxic, neuropathy, ototoxocity, hemolytic anemia, nausea and vomiting (very emetogenic)

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9
Q

paclitaxel trade name

A

taxol

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10
Q

paclitaxel SE’s

A

peripheral neuropathy, alopecia, N/V, neutropenia, diarrhea, mouth sores

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11
Q

aloxi generic name

A

palonosetron hydrochloride

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12
Q

FOLFOX

A

leucovorin calcium (folinic acid), fluorouracil, and oxaliplatin.

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13
Q

bevacizumab trade name

A

avastin

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14
Q

bevacizumab SE profile

A
  • epistaxis, headache, HTN, rhinitis, proteinuria, taste alteration, dry skin, rectal
    hemorrhage, lacrimation disorder, back pain and exfoliative dermatitis.
  • myelosuppression
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15
Q

RvD treatment includes

A

Bortezomib (Velcade) plus lenalidomide (Revlimid) and dexamethasone (VRd) (1 g q month)

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16
Q

xgeva generic name

A

denosumab

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17
Q

revlimid generic name

A

lenalidomide

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18
Q

zometa generic name

A

zoledronic acid

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19
Q

PDL-1 inhibitors

A

atezolizumab, avelumab, durvalumab,

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20
Q

hereditary breast cancer syndromes

A

Approximately 80%–90% of hereditary breast cancer cases are caused by mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. Other important clinical genetic predispositions include Cowden syndrome, Li-Fraumeni syndrome, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, and ataxia-telangiectasia.

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21
Q

BRCA2 cancers

A

breast, ovarian, prostate, pancreatic

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22
Q

BRCA1 cancer predispositions

A

breast, ovarian, bowel, prostate

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23
Q

what is leucovorin

A

folinic acid

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24
Q

irinotecan class

A

topoisomerase inhibitor

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25
Q

R-CHOP

A

rituximab, cyclophosphamide, hydroxydaunorubicin hydrochloride (doxorubicin hydrochloride), vincristine, prednisone

26
Q

erlotinib mechanism

A

TKI that inhibits EGFR

27
Q

gnrh agonists

A

Short-acting injection (once per day): buserelin, histrelin, leuprorelin, triptorelin
Long-acting depot injection or injected pellet (once every one to six months): leuprorelin, triptorelin
Injected implant (once every one to three months): buserelin, goserelin, leuprorelin
Surgically implanted pellet (once per year): histrelin, leuprorelin
Nasal spray (two to three times per day): buserelin, nafarelin

28
Q

enzalutamide, apalutamide, and darolutamide mechanism

A

Second generation androgen receptor blocker. block signaling at androgen receptor, block AR nuclear translocation

29
Q

why you have to give prednisone with abiraterone

A

Simply put, Zytiga (abiraterone) can actually lower blood levels of cortisol in many patients, so the prednisone is considered cortisol “replacement”, which can help reduce side effects from Zytiga treatment.

30
Q

abiraterone mechanism

A

works by inhibiting production of testosterone

31
Q

abiraterone SE’s

A

fluid retention, hypokalemia, and hypertension

32
Q

xeloda generic name

A

capecitabine

33
Q

folfiri SE’s

A

leukopenia, diarrhea, neutropenia, proteinuria, AST increased, stomatitis, fatigue, thrombocytopenia, ALT increased, hypertension, weight decreased, decreased appetite, epistaxis, abdominal pain, dysphonia, serum creatinine increased,
and headache.

34
Q

Avelumab mechanism

A

PD-L1 inhibitor

35
Q

Nivolumab trade name

A

Opdivo

36
Q

Iplimumab trade name

A

Yervoy

37
Q

Nivo is approved for what cancer types

A 
kidney cancer 
dMMR CRC
Melanoma
NSCLC
head and neck cancer
Bladder
38
Q

basic concept of CAR therapy

A

CELL THERAPY
T cells are collected from a patient’s blood, genetically engineered to recognize certain proteins on cancer cells, and infused back into the patient’s bloodstream.

39
Q

which cancer types is CAR therapy be used for

A

Certain types of NHL (relapsed B cell ALL, follicular, mantle)

40
Q

basic concept of epigenetic therapy

A

Rather than destroy cancer cells, the therapies seek to set the cells on a path back toward normal growth and development.

41
Q

AG-221 mechanism

A

Novel epigenetic therapy being tested in people with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes.

42
Q

Concept of an mRNA vaccine

A

The vaccines are given in the form of messenger RNA, a molecule that gives cells the instructions to create a particular protein, in this case a cancer antigen that primes the immune system against the tumor. Unlike with gene editing, the vaccines do not directly edit human DNA, but just provide the message.

43
Q

Results of CAR-T cell therapy trials in general

A

clinical trials have shown impressive results in patients that relapse and have exhausted other treatment options. However, the technology has also shown some severe side effects that led to patient deaths.

44
Q

Basic function of PD-1 gene

A

Produces a protein that tumor cells can use to evade an immune attack.

45
Q

apixaban dosing

A

Always LOAD with 10 mg PO BID for a week and then 5 mg PO BID

46
Q

Management of NOAC prior to surgery

A

Hold for 1 day if low bleeding risk

Hold for 48 hours if moderate bleeding risk

47
Q

Indications for lower dose of eliquis

A

IF Cr <1.5 + over age 80 and weight less than 60 kg

IF Cr >1.5 2.5 mg BID if also at least 80 or older, wt less than 60 kg.

48
Q

Atezolizumab mechanism

A

monoclonal antibody that binds to PD-L1

49
Q

Darvulumab MOA

A

PD-L1 inhibitor

50
Q

NK1 receptor antagonists

A

Aprepitant

Foseprepitant

51
Q

Pemetrexed MOA

A

Folate antimetabolite

52
Q

When is neulasta administered

A

24-48 hours after last day of the first cycle

53
Q

most common nivolumab ADRs

A

fatigue, rash, musculoskeletal pain, pruritus,
diarrhea, nausea, asthenia, cough, dyspnea, constipation, decreased
appetite, back pain, arthralgia, upper respiratory tract infection, pyrexia,
headache, and abdominal pain.

54
Q

most common pembro ADRs

A

fatigue, musculoskeletal pain,
decreased appetite, pruritus, diarrhea, nausea, rash, pyrexia,
cough, dyspnea, constipation, pain, and abdominal pain.

55
Q

what is carbotaxol regimen?

A

carboplatin

paclitaxel

56
Q

BEAM regimen

A

carmustine (BCNU), etoposide, aracytin and melphalan

57
Q

Use of EPOCH regimen

A

various aggressive B-cell and T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas

58
Q

EPOCH is

A

etoposide, prednisone, vincristine (Oncovin), cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin hydrochloride (hydroxydaunorubicin hydrochloride)

59
Q

hyperCVAD regimen contains

A

cyclophosphamide, vincristine sulfate, doxorubicin hydrochloride (Adriamycin), and dexamethasone

60
Q

hyperCVAD uses

A

acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL)

61
Q

ibrutinib MOA

A

small molecule inhibitor of bruton’s tyrosine kinase

62
Q

venetoclax MOA

A

blocks the anti-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) protein, leading to programmed cell death of CLL cells

Hematology, oncology (218 decks)

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