VITAMIN DEFICIENCIES

Question 1

must have intact fat digestion and absorption; may be attributed to biliary and pancreatic dysfunction or intestinal malabsorption; can result in toxicity

Answer 1

fat soluble vitamins (ADEK)

Question 2

name this fat soluble vitamin?

next to calorie malnutrition, most prevalent nutritional disease in the world

responsible for vision, rhodopsin, iodopsins

epithelial metaplasia
night blindness
-xerophthalmia 
-bitot spots
-keratomalacia

Answer 2

vitamin A

Question 3

name this fat soluble vitamin?

maintains normal plasma levels of calcium

deficiency results in rickets, osteomalacia

s/s: lumbar lordosis, bowing of the legs, rachitic rosary, harrisons groove, pigeon breast, osteomalacia

Answer 3

vitamin D

Question 4

name this fat soluble vitamin?

deficiency results in diabetes, we see neuropathy and eye problems

active form is alpha-tocopherol

part of a group of antioxidants; scavenge free radicals

affects the posterior columns of spinal cord, loss of nerve cells in dorsal root ganglia

*most noted is the loss of proprioception and vibration, impaired eye movement, muscle weakness

Answer 4

vitamin E

Question 5

cofactor for carboxylation of glutamate residues

• coagulation proteins C/S
• osteocalcin

*required for synthesis of clotting factors II, VII, IX and X

S/S: petechial hemorrhages, joint bleeding, hemorrhagic disease of newborns

Answer 5

vitamin K

Question 6

what are the water soluble vitamins?

Answer 6

vitamin B1 (thiamine)
vitamine B2 (riboflavin)
vitamin B3 (niacin)
vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)
vitamin C (ascorbic acid)

Question 7

name this water soluble vitamin?

regulates the oxidative decarboxylation of ketoacids-leading to synthesis of ATP

beriberi
wernicke-korsakoff syndrome

S/S
wernickes encephalopathy
korsakoff psychosis

Answer 7

vitamin B1 (thiamine)

Question 8

name this water soluble vitamin?

meat, dairy products and vegetables

critical component of the coenzymes flavin mononucleotide and flavin adenine dinucleotide

changes at the angles of the mouth (cheilosis) and ocular, skin changes

glossitis where the tongue becomes a magenta hue

Answer 8

vitamine B2 (riboflavin)

Question 9

name this water soluble vitamin?

nicotinic acid and its derivatives, NAD, NADP

deficiency: pellagra
morphology: dermatitis, red swollen tongue

clinical S/S: diarrhea, dementia, dermatitis

Answer 9

vitamin B3 (niacin)

Question 10

AA and protein metabolism

overt deficiency may be rare but subclinical deficiency may be common

morphology similar to that of niacin and riboflavin

morphology:
seborrheic dermatitis
cheilosis
glossitis
peripheral neuropathy

Answer 10

vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)

Question 11

active form: L-ascorbic acid
functions: cofactor in synthesis of collagen, antioxidant, biosynthesis of neurotransmitters

deficiency leads to scurvy

• scorbutic rosary in growing child
• poor wound healing with gingival swelling and hemorrhages in the adult and child

Answer 11

vitamin C (ascorbic acid)

Question 12

name this mineral deficiency?

rash-acrodermatitis enteropathica
anorexia
growth retardation
impaired wound healing
hypogonadism
altered immune fx
impaired night vision
depressed mental function

Answer 12

zinc