HIGH YIELD IV (DISEASE OF BLOOD VESSELS)

Question 1

arterionephrosclerosis associated with sclerosis of renal arterioles and small arteries resulting in focal parenchymal ischemia

associated with HTN causing nephrosclerosis

histology indicates narrowing of arterioles/arterial lumens
and hyalinization of walls

Answer 1

benign nephrosclerosis

Question 2

renal disease associated with malignant hypertension

also to note, the pathogenesis reveals some form of vascular damage to the kidneys causing increased permeability to fibrinogen and plasma proteins

morphology-fibrinoid necrosis of arterioles

diastolic pressures > 120 mmHg
papilla edema and encephalopathy 
cardiovascular abnormalities
renal failure
medical emergency-25% survive 5 years

Answer 2

malignant hypertension

Question 3

causes potentially curable HTN, 2-5% of cases

causes:

• atherosclerosis
• fibromuscular dysplasia

tx:
-stent renal a.

Answer 3

renal artery stenosis

Question 4

dilation of the renal pelvis and calyces with accompanying atrophy of the renal parenchyma

caused by obstruction of urine outflow due to congenital (ATRESIA OF THE URETHRA) or acquired (FOREIGN BODIES, BPH, INFLAMMATION)

dilation of affected calyces and pelvis, kidney may become enlarged

Answer 4

hydronephrosis