TERMS

Question 1

glomerular syndrome characterized by the acute onset of acute renal failure and oliguria
-hematuria, proteinuria, hypertension

Answer 1

nephritic syndrome

Question 2

the presence of a diminished GFR that is persistently less than 60 mL/min/1.73 mm^3 for at least 3 months from any cause, and/or persistent albuminuria

Answer 2

chronic kidney disease

Question 3

dominated by a rapid decline in GFR (hours to days) with concurrent dysregulation of fluid and electrolyte balance and retention of metabolic products

• in its most severe form, demonstrates oliguria and anuria
• can result from glomerular injury, interstitial injury, or tubular injury

Answer 3

acute kidney injury

Question 4

dominated by polyuria, nocturia, and electrolyte disorders

Answer 4

renal tubular defects

Question 5

renal disease affects what four basic morphologic structures?

Answer 5

glomeruli, tubules, interstitum, blood vessels

Question 6

presence of a diminished GFR (AKA chronic kidney disease or chronic renal failure)

Answer 6

renal failure

Question 7

what is this glomerular disease?

proliferation of mesangial or endothelial cells

infiltration of leukocytes

formation of crescents

Answer 7

hypercellularity

Question 8

what is this glomerular disease?

deposition of amorphous electron dense material, most often immune complexes on the epithelial or endothelial of the basement membrane, within the GBM itself

Answer 8

basement membrane thickening

Question 9

what is this glomerular disease?

seen in vascular disease (HTN, arteriosclerosis, DM)

hyalinosis denotes the accumulation of material that is homogenous and eosinophilic by light microscopy (LM)

Answer 9

hyalinosis

Question 10

what is this glomerular disease?

characterized by deposition of extracellular collagenous matrix

Answer 10

sclerosis

Question 11

massive proteinuria
hypoalbuminemia
hyperlipidemia and lipiduria

these are characteristic of what disease?

Answer 11

nephrotic syndrome

Question 12

affects some but not all glomeruli and involves only segments of each glomerulus

Answer 12

focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

Question 13

best considered a pattern of immune mediated injury rather than a specific disease and separated into two groups, type 1/2

Answer 13

membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

Question 14

prominent IgA deposits in the mesangial regions on immunofluorescence

prob the most common causes of GN world wide

mild proteinuria, nephrotic syndrome may develop

Answer 14

IgA nephropathy (Berger Disease)

Question 15

represents the end stage of a variety of entities that make up 30-50% of patients requiring chronic hemodialysis

Answer 15

chronic GN

Question 16

acute suppurative infection of the kidney and the renal pelvis

Answer 16

acute pyelonephritis of tubulointerstitial nephritis

Question 17

chronic tubulointerstitial inflammation and scarring with involvement of the pelvis and calyces

Answer 17

chronic pyelonephritis of the tubulointerstitial nephritis

Question 18

injury/destruction of tubular epithelial cells, ischemic or nephrotoxic

acute suppression of renal function
-most common cause of acute renal failure, reversible

Answer 18

acute tubular injury/necrosis from acute renal failure

Question 19

most often occurs with the use of synthetic penicillins, other antibiotics, diuretics, NSAIDs and other misc drugs

begins 15 days

fever, rash, eosinophilia, renal abnormalities

Answer 19

acute drug induced interstitial nephritis

Question 20

chronic renal disease-excessive intake of analgesic mixtures

Answer 20

analgesic nephrophathy